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Fulltext Effects of chalcone derivatives on players of the immune system

Lee JS, Bukhari SN, Fauzi NM

Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:4761-78.
PMID: 26316713 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S86242

The immune system is the defense mechanism in living organisms that protects against the invasion of foreign materials, microorganisms, and pathogens. It involves multiple organs and tissues in human body, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. However, the execution of immune activities depends on a number of specific cell types, such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes, which provide various immune responses against pathogens. In addition to normal physiological functions, abnormal proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells (in response to various chemical stimuli produced by invading pathogens) have been associated with several pathological disorders. The unwanted conditions related to these cells have made them prominent targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions against various pathological implications, such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. Chalcone derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, as well as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. Many studies have been conducted to determine their inhibitory or stimulatory activities in immune cells, and the findings are of significance to provide a new direction for subsequent research. This review highlights the effects of chalcone derivatives in different types of immune cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes/drug effects; Granulocytes/immunology; Granulocytes/metabolism
Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular myeloperoxidase distinguishes lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes

Tay SP, Cheong SK, Hamidah NH, Ainoon O

Malays J Pathol, 1998 Dec;20(2):91-4.
PMID: 10879268

A study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of flow cytometric analysis of intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) in differentiating populations of lymphocytes (L), monocytes (M) and granulocytes (G), by means of lysed whole blood method. Anticoagulated blood from 23 normal individuals was lysed with FACS lysing solution and permeabilized with FACS permeabilizing solution before subjected to direct immunofluorescence staining. The geometric means of the fluorescence intensity were measured using FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). Populations of L, M and G were gated based on their light scatter characteristics and expression of CD14 and CD45. Then, the fluorescence intensity of MPO expression was studied in these individual cell populations. The results showed that fluorescence intensity of MPO was the strongest in G and weakest in L, whereas M showed intermediate fluorescence intensity. Our findings reveal that discrimination of these three cell types is achievable based upon the sole expression of intracellular MPO.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes/enzymology*
In vivo evidence of all-trans retinoic acid inducing maturation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Hamidah HN, Cheong SK, Ainoon O

Acta Haematol., 1993;89(1):50-1.
PMID: 8480488

All-trans retinoic acid therapy induces maturation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. We document in vivo evidence of differentiation by all-trans retinoic acid in a case of acute promyelocytic leukaemia which was characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolations.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes/ultrastructure
Fulltext Immunosuppressive Effects of Natural α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl-Based Compounds, and Their Analogs and Derivatives, on Immune Cells: A Review

Arshad L, Jantan I, Bukhari SN, Haque MA

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:22.
PMID: 28194110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00022

The immune system is complex and pervasive as it functions to prevent or limit infections in the human body. In a healthy organism, the immune system and the redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body. The failure to maintain the balance may lead to impaired immune response and either over activity or abnormally low activity of the immune cells resulting in autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases. Compounds containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moieties are often reactive. The reactivity of these groups is responsible for their diverse pharmacological activities, and the most important and widely studied include the natural compounds curcumin, chalcone, and zerumbone. Numerous studies have revealed the mainly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aforesaid compounds. This review highlights the specific immunosuppressive effects of these natural α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds, and their analogs and derivatives on different types of immune cells of the innate (granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and adaptive (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) immune systems. The inhibitory effects of these compounds have been comprehensively studied on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages but their effects on T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells have not been well investigated. It is of paramount importance to continue generating experimental data on the mechanisms of action of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds on immune cells to provide useful information for ensuing research to discover new immunomodulating agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes
Fulltext Dengue virus type 2 (DENV2)-induced oxidative responses in monocytes from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient and G6PD normal subjects

Al-Alimi AA, Ali SA, Al-Hassan FM, Idris FM, Teow SY, Mohd Yusoff N

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 Mar;8(3):e2711.
PMID: 24625456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002711

Dengue virus is endemic in peninsular Malaysia. The clinical manifestations vary depending on the incubation period of the virus as well as the immunity of the patients. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is prevalent in Malaysia where the incidence is 3.2%. It has been noted that some G6PD-deficient individuals suffer from more severe clinical presentation of dengue infection. In this study, we aim to investigate the oxidative responses of DENV2-infected monocytes from G6PD-deficient individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes/immunology
Fulltext Elucidating lineage-specific myelotoxicity and chromosomal aberration status in hydroquinone- exposed hematopoietic STEM / progenitor cells

Julia Mohd Idris, Zariyantey Abd Hamid, Ng, Khen Eng, Chow, Paik Wah, Salwati Shuib, Mathialagan, Ramya Dewi

Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(1):14-21.
MyJurnal

Benzene exposure has been associated with hematotoxicity and leukemogenicity. However, the impact of benzene exposure on complex microenvironment of Hematopoetic Stem Cells (HSCs) niche, comprising of HSCs and lineage-specific progenitors remains elusive. Thus, a study on benzene-targeting HSCs niche could uncover mechanism linking benzene to HSCs niche alteration. This study evaluates the lineage-specific responses following exposure to a benzene metabolite, namely hydroquinone (HQ) in targeting HSCs and myeloid-committed progenitors. Freshly isolated murine bone marrow cells (BMCs) were exposed to HQ at series of concentrations (0 – 50 μM) for 24 hours; followed by cell viability analysis using MTT assay. Chromosomal aberration (CA) status was determined using karyotyping analysis. Expression of surface antigen for HSCs (Sca-1) was confirmed by flow cytometer. Lineage-specific myelotoxicity was studied using the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay for the following myeloid progenitors: CFU granulocyte /erythrocyte /macrophage /megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM), CFU-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), CFU-granulocyte (CFU-G), CFU-macrophage (CFU-M), CFU-erythroid (CFU-E) and Burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E). HQ reduced (p

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes
Systemic fusarium infection in cancer patients : a report of two cases

Mohamed, M., Ariffin, H., Arasu, A., Tuck Soon, S.H., Abdullah, W.A., Lin, H.P.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 1998;10(2):55-58.
MyJurnal

Fusarium species is an emerging genus of fungal pathogens which until recently were rare causes of human disease apart from localized infection of the skin and nails. Two cases of fungaemia due to Fusarium sp. in children are described. The first child, an 8-year old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia developed character-sitic pyoderma gangrenosum-like skin lesions before succumbing to disseminated Fusarium infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The second child, a 5-month old boy, developed pneumonia associated with a transient erythematous skin rash while on chemother-apy for congenital leukaemia. Both patients had Fusarium isolated from blood. The second child improved after six weeks of treatment with ampho-tericin B and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulat-ing factor but ultimately she died of the disease follow-ing discharge. Fusarium spp should be recognised as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Current literature suggests that liposomal amphotericin B in conjunction with leukocyte growth factors are the treatment of choice in this potentially fatal infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes
Aerosolised Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Angiopoietin-1 Enhances Airway Repair

Halim NSS, Ch'ng ES, Kardia E, Ali SA, Radzi R, Yahaya BH

Stem Cell Rev Rep, 2019 02;15(1):112-125.
PMID: 30178289 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9844-7

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MSCs and MSC-expressing ANGPT1 (MSC-pANGPT1) treatment via aerosolisation in alleviating the asthma-related airway inflammation in the rabbit model.
METHODS: Rabbits were sensitised and challenged with both intraperitoneal injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (Ova). MSCs and MSC-pANGPT1 cells were aerosolised into rabbit lungs using the MicroSprayer® Aerosolizer Model IA-1B 48 h after injury. The post mortem was performed 3 days following cell delivery. Histopathological assessments of the lung tissues and inflammatory response were quantitatively scored following treatments.
RESULT(S): Administration of aerosolised MSCs and MSC-pANGPT1 were significantly reduced inflammation of the airways (p

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes
Fulltext Effects of Standardised Fermented Papaya Gel on Clinical Symptoms, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: An Open Randomised Clinical Study

Kharaeva ZF, Zhanimova LR, Mustafaev MSh, De Luca C, Mayer W, Chung Sheun Thai J, et al.

Mediators Inflamm, 2016;2016:9379840.
PMID: 26977121 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9379840

The clinical efficacy of topical administration of standardised fermented papaya gel (SFPG), known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, versus conventional therapy was evaluated in a group of 84 patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis, randomly assigned to control group (n = 45) undergoing traditional pharmacologic/surgical protocols or to experimental group (n = 39), additionally treated with intragingival pocket SFPG (7 g) applications (15 min daily for 10 days). Patients undergoing SFPG treatment showed significant (P < 0.05), durable improvement of three major clinical indices of disease severity: reduced bleeding (day 7), plaque and gingival conditions (day 14), and consistent gingival pocket depth reduction (day 45). Proinflammatory nitric oxide metabolites reached normal values in plasma (day 14) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at day 45 with SFPG applications compared to controls that did not reach normalisation. Levels of highly increased proinflammatory (IL-1B, IL-6) and suppressed anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines normalised in the SFPG group by days 14 (plasma) and 45 (GCF), but never in the control group. Although not acting directly as antibiotic, SFPG acted in synergy with human granulocytes blocking adaptive catalase induction in S. aureus in response to granulocyte-derived oxidative stress, thus enhancing intracellular bacterial killing.

Matched MeSH terms: Granulocytes