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Is 3alpha-androstenol pheromone related to menstrual synchrony?

Jahanfar S, Awang CH, Rahman RA, Samsuddin RD, See CP

J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care, 2007 Apr;33(2):116-8.
PMID: 17407681

The ovarian cycles of females living and interacting together may synchronise due to pheromones released from axillary secretary glands, the highest concentration of which is produced in the mid-follicular phase, prior to ovulation. The objective of this study was to find evidence for menstrual synchrony in a group of female students living together and to obtain a correlation between the ability to smell the putative pheromone, 5alpha-androst-16-en-3alpha-ol (3alpha-androstenol), found in apocrine secretions and menstrual synchrony. This cross-sectional study involved 88 students who completed a standard questionnaire and whose sense of smell was measured using ten varying thresholds. The menstrual history, friendship scale and menstrual hygiene score was determined for the participants.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle/physiology*
Fulltext Catamenial epilepsy: A missed cause of refractory seizure in young women

Kandeepan J, Shaaban J

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):24-26.
PMID: 28461855 MyJurnal

Catamenial epilepsy refers to changes in the frequency of seizures over the course of the menstrual cycle. A thorough history and detailed review of the patient's seizure diary are imperative to classify the seizures accurately and select the most appropriate antiepileptic treatment. As catamenial epilepsy rarely responds to antiepileptic medications, the physician should regularly revise the treatment plan of the women with epilepsy that is refractory to the current treatment. We describe the case of a 34-year-old single woman who presented with refractory seizures.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle
Fulltext Menstrual Factors, Reproductive History, Hormone Use, and Urothelial Carcinoma Risk: A Prospective Study in the EPIC Cohort

Lujan-Barroso L, Botteri E, Caini S, Ljungberg B, Roswall N, Tjønneland A, et al.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2020 Aug;29(8):1654-1664.
PMID: 32467345 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0184

BACKGROUND: Urothelial carcinoma is the predominant (95%) bladder cancer subtype in industrialized nations. Animal and epidemiologic human studies suggest that hormonal factors may influence urothelial carcinoma risk.
METHODS: We used an analytic cohort of 333,919 women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort. Associations between hormonal factors and incident urothelial carcinoma (overall and by tumor grade, tumor aggressiveness, and non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma) risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS: During a mean of 15 years of follow-up, 529 women developed urothelial carcinoma. In a model including number of full-term pregnancies (FTP), menopausal status, and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), number of FTP was inversely associated with urothelial carcinoma risk (HR≥5vs1 = 0.48; 0.25-0.90; P trend in parous women = 0.010) and MHT use (compared with nonuse) was positively associated with urothelial carcinoma risk (HR = 1.27; 1.03-1.57), but no dose response by years of MHT use was observed. No modification of HRs by smoking status was observed. Finally, sensitivity analyses in never smokers showed similar HR patterns for the number of FTP, while no association between MHT use and urothelial carcinoma risk was observed. Association between MHT use and urothelial carcinoma risk remained significant only in current smokers. No heterogeneity of the risk estimations in the final model was observed by tumor aggressiveness or by tumor grade. A positive association between MTH use and non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma risk was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that increasing the number of FTP may reduce urothelial carcinoma risk.
IMPACT: More detailed studies on parity are needed to understand the possible effects of perinatal hormone changes in urothelial cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle/physiology*
Fulltext Co-occurrence of trichotillomania and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case report

Ismaliza Ismail, Wan Salwina Wan Ismai, Norazirah Md. Nor, Lee Voon Yee, Ani Amelia Zainuddin

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2020;5(2):57-60.
MyJurnal

Trichotillomania (TTM) or hair pulling disorder is characterized by repetitive pulling of hair on
the body whereas Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic-endocrine disorder,
manifested by irregular menstrual cycle and clinical hyperandrogenism. Both disorders
commonly occur in young females. TTM and PCOS may be related and share the same
pathophysiology. We reported a case of a teenager with TTM and PCOS, which were triggered
by stress. Neurobiological mechanism may explain the co-occurrences between TTM and
PCOS. Further research in the neurobiology of TTM and PCOS may better explain the cooccurrences between the two disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle
Fulltext Dysmenorrhoea and its effects on school activities among adolescent girls in a rural school in Selangor, Malaysia

Liliwati I, Lee VKM, Omar K

Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):42-47.
MyJurnal

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, its associated factors and its effects on school activities among adolescent girls in a secondary school in a rural district of Selangor, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a public secondary school. A stratified random sampling of 300 female students (12 to 17 years old) from Form one to Form five classes were selected. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 20-items was used to collect sociodemographic and menstrual data. Pain intensity for dysmenorrhoea was measured by numerical rating scale. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 62.3%. It was significantly higher in the middle adolescence (15 to 17 years old) age group (p=0.003), girls with regular menstrual cycle (p=0.007) and a positive family history (p

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual characteristics associated with endometriosis

Arumugam K, Lim JM

Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1997 Aug;104(8):948-50.
PMID: 9255089

This case-controlled study investigates whether the presence of menstrual characteristics, which may increase the exposure of the peritoneal cavity to retrograde menstruation, increases the risk of developing endometriosis. The menstrual characteristics considered were 1. age at menarche of less than 12 years, 2. duration of menstrual flow greater than five days and 3. menstrual cycle lengths of < 28 days. The frequency with which these menstrual characteristics occurred in 305 women with proven endometriosis was compared with their frequency in 305 age-matched women without endometriosis. Adjusting for the confounding factors of parity, age at first childbirth and social class, the only menstrual characteristic that was significantly associated with endometriosis was menstrual cycle lengths of less than 28 days (odds ratio 1.83; 95% confidence intervals 1.60-2.55). There was insufficient evidence to conclude that the presence of menstrual characteristics which may increase the exposure of the peritoneal cavity to retrograde menstruation, increase a women's risk of developing endometriosis. The association of short menstrual cycle lengths with endometriosis may have been consequential rather than causal.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle/physiology*
An evaluation of the BIOSELF 110 fertility indicator

Ismail M, Arshat H, Pulcrano J, Royston P, Spieler J

Contraception, 1989 Jan;39(1):53-71.
PMID: 2642781

The BIOSELF 110 is a hand-held, non-invasive electronic instrument that measures basal body temperature and cycle length, and automatically identifies the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle with flashing red light and green light signals, respectively. The device was evaluated in 77 cycles from 33 ovulatory women in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ultrasound monitoring of maximum follicular diameter (MFD) and urinary LH measurements with Ovustick were used as reference methods to estimate the time of ovulation and the fertile period. Based on the MFD day, the BIOSELF correctly identified the entire fertile period, and at least four fertile days, in 89% and 94% of the cycles studied, respectively. The mean duration of the fertile period as determined by the number of flashing red light days was 11.0 days (SD 2.9). The device correctly identified the onset of the postovulatory infertile phase in 94% of cycles, with a mean duration of about 10 (green light) days. The results were similar using the LH peak day as the reference method. The mean interval from the onset of the fertile period (first flashing red light day) to the MFD day was 6.9 days (SD 2.6), and from the MFD day to the end of the fertile period, 3.1 days (SD 2.2). The BIOSELF 110 showed itself to be a reliable device for identifying the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle and, thus, should be a useful aid for couples seeking pregnancy. Prospective clinical trials are underway to assess the contraceptive effectiveness of the device.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle*
Fulltext Improvement in Quality of Life after Myomectomy

Ehab Helmy Abdel Malek Fahmy, Constance Liew Sat Lin, Alvin Oliver Payus, Rhanye Mac Guad, May Zaw Soe, Satishratnam Nagaratnam, et al.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(1):55-59.
MyJurnal

Dysmenorrhea is one of the leading causes of pelvic pain and menstrual disorder among women during childbearing age. The burden of dysmenorrhea is greater than any other gynaecological complaint. Some women have severe dysmenorrhea which renders them incapacitated for days each menstrual cycle requiring absence from study or duty, frequently requiring pain killer, restriction of daily performance, poor sleep, negative moods such as anxiety and depression. A 31-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) as a cause of multiple uterine fibroids, underwent surgeries to remove 100 fibroids from her uterus which has improved her quality of life, eliminating her dysmenorrhea and menstrual abnormalities

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle
Fulltext Stress and female reproductive function: a study of daily variations in cortisol, gonadotrophins, and gonadal steroids in a rural Mayan population

Nepomnaschy PA, Welch K, McConnell D, Strassmann BI, England BG

Am J Hum Biol, 2004 Sep-Oct;16(5):523-32.
PMID: 15368600 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20057

We report here on a longitudinal study of stress and women's reproduction in a small Kaqchikel Mayan community in rural Guatemala. Current understanding of the effects of stress on the reproductive axis in women is mostly derived from clinical studies of individual stressors. Little is known, however, about the cumulative effects of "real life" stress. Cortisol increases in response to a broad variety of individual stressors (Tilbrook et al., 2002). In this article, we evaluate the association between daily fluctuations in women's urinary cortisol and reproductive hormones: estrone conjugates (E(1)C), pregnandiol glucuronide (PdG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). To assess the association between daily changes in cortisol levels and changes in the profiles of the reproductive hormones, we used a random coefficients model based on polynomial regression. The sample includes 92 menstrual cycles provided by 24 participants over a year-long prospective study. Increases in urinary cortisol levels were associated with significant increases in gonadotrophin and progestin levels during the follicular phase. Also, in a time window between days 4 and 10 after ovulation, increased cortisol levels were associated with significantly lower progestin levels. These results are significant because untimely increases in gonadotrophins and low midluteal progesterone levels have previously been reported to impinge on the ovulatory and luteinization processes and to reduce the chances of successful implantation (Ferin, 1999; Baird et al., 1999). Future research should consider the possibility that stress may affect fecundability and implantation without necessarily causing amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle/physiology*
Value of subcutaneous fat in predicting ovulation day

Jamaludin J, Nordin NM, Mohamad N, Etta KM

Malays J Reprod Health, 1988 Jun;6(1):65-9.
PMID: 12281593

Subcutaneous body fat and Quetelet's Indices (QI) of 52, 18-29 year old normal female volunteers were determined. These body mass indices were then grouped according to the phase of each subject's menstrual cycle, early or late follicular and early or late luteal phase. The subcutaneous body fat is 27.07 +or- 1.0% in the early follicular but drops to 24.68 +or- 1.84% in the late follicular phase. The value then rises significantly higher than that in the late follicular phase to 30.14 +or- 1.15% (P0.02) in the early luteal drops to 27.17 +or- 0.55% towards the level of the early follicular phase (P0.05). Variations in the values of QI during each menstrual cycle exactly mirror those for subcutaneous body fat. The fall in the 2 body mass indices during the late follicular phase coincides somewhat with the established preovulatory LH and FSH surges as well as the high levels of estrogen of this period. On the other hand the significant rise in the 2 parameters during the early luteal phase coincides with the marked rise in the ratio of progesterone to estrogen. Clearly, increased levels of progesterone relative to estrogen appear to cause an increase in the body fat during each menstrual cycle. The implication of this finding for women on contraceptive pills which are predominantly progesterone and those whose normal menstrual cycle is "interrupted" at the early luteal phase by a successful fertilization raises very interesting questions with regards to prediction of ovulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle*
Determining the best catheter for sonohysterography

Dessole S, Farina M, Capobianco G, Nardelli GB, Ambrosini G, Meloni GB

Fertil. Steril., 2001 Sep;76(3):605-9.
PMID: 11532488

OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of six different catheters for performing sonohysterography (SHG) to identify those that offer the best compromise between reliability, tolerability, and cost.
DESIGN: Prospective study.
SETTING: University hospital.
PATIENT(S): Six hundred ten women undergoing SHG.
INTERVENTION(S): We performed SHG with six different types of catheters: Foleycath (Wembley Rubber Products, Sepang, Malaysia), Hysca Hysterosalpingography Catheter (GTA International Medical Devices S.A., La Caleta D.N., Dominican Republic), H/S Catheter Set (Ackrad Laboratories, Cranford, NJ), PBN Balloon Hystero-Salpingography Catheter (PBN Medicals, Stenloese, Denmark), ZUI-2.0 Catheter (Zinnanti Uterine Injection; BEI Medical System International, Gembloux, Belgium), and Goldstein Catheter (Cook, Spencer, IN).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We assessed the reliability, the physician's ease of use, the time requested for the insertion of the catheter, the volume of contrast medium used, the tolerability for the patients, and the cost of the catheters.
RESULT(S): In 568 (93%) correctly performed procedures, no statistically significant differences were found among the catheters. The Foleycath was the most difficult for the physician to use and required significantly more time to position correctly. The Goldstein catheter was the best tolerated by the patients. The Foleycath was the cheapest whereas the PBN Balloon was the most expensive.
CONCLUSION(S): The choice of the catheter must be targeted to achieving a good balance between tolerability for the patients, efficacy, cost, and the personal preference of the operator.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle
Fulltext Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULD) Among Female Telephone Operators in a Telecommunication Centre in Kuala Lumpur

Noor Hassim Ismail, Rafiza Shaharuddin

Medicine & Health, 2008;3(1):38-45.
MyJurnal

A study was carried out on 79 female telephone operators working in a Telecommunication Centre in Kuala Lumpur to determine the prevalence of Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULD) and its risk factors. Data collection for this study was done between December 2000 and May 2001. The presence of WRULD was determined based on a guided questionnaire and physical examination. The response rate for this study was 94.9% (n= 75) and results showed that the prevalence of WRULD among the female telephone operators was 48.0%: Stage 1= 38.9%, Stage 2= 19.4%, Stage 3= 38.9%, Stage 4= 0% and Stage 5= 2.8%. In the telecommunication centre, it was found that those with WRULD had a mean of 11.59±9.09 years of employment duration whereas those without WRULD had a mean of 9.89 ± 8.48 years of employment duration. None of the factors studied such as Body Mass Index, age, ethnicity, menstrual cycle, hormone replacement therapy, overtime work, duration of employment in the present unit and in the telecommunication center differ in distribution between subjects with and without WRULD. This could be contributed by factors such as small number of subjects or the common healthy worker effect found in occupational health research. The findings studied of this study show that almost 40.0% of the workers experienced pain and neurological symptoms. Since none of the factors was found to be associated with WRULD, an elaborate study with a case-control design is needed in order to match cases and enable researchers to control the effect of confounding factors. This will ensure risk factors pertinent to WRULD in the Malaysian setting to be identified.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle
Fulltext Healthy sleep behaviour as weight loss strategy in managing obesity among women in Malaysia: a review

Absah M, Muhammad Shahrim Ab K, Zainal Abidin M, Rosita J, Ungku Fatimah Ungku Zainal A

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2017;31(2):68-77.

The development of overweight and obesity among women in Malaysia has shown an increasing trend between the year 2003 and 2014 base on the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey report in 2015. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in women by 22.9% compared to men 14.5%. There are many factors contributing to the upsurge of obesity among women and among most, sleep disorders has been the emerging issue which has longed been discussed. Certain important factors affecting women related to sleep quality such as stress, insomnia, depression and some biological conditions like menopause, menstrual cycle and pregnancy can affect sleep quality. This paper serves to review how lack of sleep quality is associated to the development of obesity and why healthy sleep behaviour could aid to weight loss. Public health approaches to reducing the burden of obesity must consider equipping the women in managing their sleep related issues and how they are able to control the food consumption and lifestyle of the family. Thus, promoting healthy sleep behaviour among women emphasized on the importance of deriving sleep quality through three important factors that is early bed time, sleep in the dark and sleep duration would be a contributing factor in managing obesity through healthy lifestyle changes.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MAN-2014)

Matched MeSH terms: Menstrual Cycle

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