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  1. Psychiatric treatment of female mental patients in the Federated Malay States (FMS) of British-Malaya, 1930-57
    Yusof HM, Enh AM
    Hist Psychiatry, 2022 Dec;33(4):446-458.
    PMID: 36408553 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221122519
    The British government in Malaya conducted treatment for women suffering mental illness in an effort to deal with the increasing number of cases in the Federated Malay States in 1930-57. This paper explores the role of mental asylums and society in contributing to methods of treatment during the twentieth century.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons*
  2. A Pilot Study Evaluating the Stigma and Public Perception about the Causes of Depression and Schizophrenia
    Khan T, Hassali M, Tahir H, Khan A
    Iran J Public Health, 2011;40(1):50-6.
    PMID: 23113054
    To evaluate public perceptions towards the causes of depression and schizophrenia and identifications of factors resulting stigma towards mental ill.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  3. Mental health stigma among Middle Eastern adolescents: A protocol for a systematic review
    Mohammadzadeh M, Awang H, Mirzaei F
    J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 2020 Dec;27(6):829-837.
    PMID: 32170971 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12627
    WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Four out of every five people with mental health disorders face stigma. Mental health and, consequently, mental health stigma are very common among youth living in the Middle East countries. Several studies have investigated mental health among adolescents in the Middle East, but studies on stigma are very scattered. There is no systematic review on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders across all the Middle East countries despite the common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper will aim to review and analyse the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders in the Middle East countries, from different aspects such as the age rang, kind of stigma and risk factors of stigma. The study will cover studies on all kinds of stigma among Middle Eastern adolescents up to 18 years old published between 2000 and 2019. The study terms are generally focused on four categories: (a) kinds of Stigma, (b) Mental health problems, (c) Age range and (d) Region of study population. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Increasing understanding and awareness of different angles of mental health stigma among adolescents may be helpful for better coping with this challenge. Understanding the nature of stigma may give adolescents the ability of ignoring it and avoid starting self-stigma and/or stopping to seek help. ABSTRACT: Introduction Although many epidemiological and interventional investigations regarding improving mental health among youth in the Middle East have been performed, there is no systematic review specifically analysing the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders (A-MDs) across all Middle East countries despite their common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area. Purpose We will aim to systematically review and analyse the English language studies on stigma among A-MDs in the Middle East published between 2000 and 2019. Method The Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, PsycINFO and MEDLINE are electronic databases that will be included in this study. Furthermore, the bibliography lists of eligible articles will be manually searched for additional included articles. Descriptive statistics will be represented by mean score and standard deviation for continuous data and number/percentage for categorical data. Discussion This study may act as a resource for future studies attempting to assess and/or reduce stigma among children and adolescents with mental health issues specifically in the Middle East. Implications It is important for healthcare providers, including nursing professional, to improve their knowledge and vision towards stigma in their community. The outcomes of this study can be a shortcut reaching this information.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons*
  4. The role of trifluoperazine in the treatment of mental patients
    BETT WR
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Jun;13:276-9.
    PMID: 13800184
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons*
  5. Fulltext Effect of Psychiatric Clinical Posting on Attitudes among Student Nurses in Universiti Malaysia Sabah
    Segaran R., Olga, Wilfred
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):47-0.
    MyJurnal
    Students taking up nursing course bring with them stereotypes and prejudice towards mentally-ill clients. Nurses harbouring such stigmatising attitude can have a profound effect on their subsequent therapeutic relationship and quality of care rendered for the mentally-ill clients. Typically, students who harbour stigmatising views, develop positive mindset after psychiatric posting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  6. Fulltext Mental health issues : revisited
    Osman Che Bakar, Ainsah Omar
    Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(2):17-26.
    MyJurnal
    The various shortcomings involving issues related to managing patients with mental health are compared to those with physical health which are mainly attributed to attitude, misconception and stigma attached to mental health. There is a strong need to have a comprehensive collective efforts and a paradigm shift on how to deal with these critical issues especially in the area of Primary care for mentally ill.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  7. Estimation of national stress index using socioeconomic antecedents - a case of MIMIC model
    Arshed N, Ahmad W, Munir M, Farooqi A
    Psychol Health Med, 2021 Mar 21.
    PMID: 33749455 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1903051
    Developed economies are at the forefront of facing the brunt of non-communicable diseases (NCD). The majority of the health expenditures are routed in managing obesity and mental disorder-related patients, and there is a fall in the productivity of the distressed and NCD prone labour. Several indicators of stress are used in literature to assess its implications. However, empirically no database has maintained the longitudinal data of national stress level. This study focused on constructing the socioeconomic antecedent of non-communicable stress which is leading to several NCDs. For this Multiple Indicator and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model is utilized for 151 countries between 2008 and 2018. The results show that macroeconomic conditions, trade, and environmental quality follow fundamentals in explaining stress. While, national stress index is a significant source of smoking and mental disorder prevalence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  8. Strategies of social and sexual control of Malaysian women in psychiatric institutional care
    Crabtree SA
    Health Care Women Int, 2004;25(6):581-95.
    PMID: 15354623 DOI: 10.1080/07399330490444849
    An ethnographic study of female psychiatric patients was undertaken in East Malaysia. Findings indicate that these service users were subject to a number of sexist and oppressive practices that militate against their freedom of movement on the wards as well as their social interaction in the wider context of the hospital. Stereotypic notions of female sexuality and morality act as forms of moral containment and are interpreted in the hospital context as requiring heavy custodial care by the hospital authorities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons/psychology*
  9. Fulltext Attitudes towards the mentally ill patients among a community in Tampoi, Johor, Malaysia, 2012 to 2013
    Siti Zubaidah, S., Norfazilah, A.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(3):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The attitudes shown by community towards the mentally ill patient can have implications for recovery. To gather robust evidence regarding community attitudes towards people with mental illness, a data collection is required. A cross sectional study was carried out to examine the community attitudes towards the mentally ill patients and its associated factors in Tampoi Town, Johor among 347 respondents. This study was conducted from June 2012 to June 2013. Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill questionnaire was used to examine public attitudes towards the mentally ill patients. Another questionnaire was used to determine media influence and history or experience with the mentally ill patients was administered by a researcher. The community in this town had a positive attitude towards the mentally ill patients. Benevolence attitude which represent the positive attitude has the highest mean score [37.13 (4.18)]. Social Restrictiveness attitude which represent the negative attitude has the lowest mean score [25.42 (4.82)]. Results indicated that race, educational level and previous experience with the mentally ill patients had a significant association with community attitudes towards the mentally ill patients. Meanwhile, age, gender, religion, occupation, income and media have no association with community attitudes towards the mentally ill patients. These results are expected to help the related parties in conducting various comprehensive and holistic programs or campaign. Specifically, medical social worker should be more sensitive to the public attitude toward the mentally ill patients so that they could recognize the contributing factors on negative attitudes and prevent them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  10. Fulltext Carers as teachers
    Loh, Sit Fong, Sinniah, Aishvarya, Ruzanna Zamzam, Marhani Midin, Wan Salwina Wan Ismail, Mahadevan, Raynuha
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):186-193.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: This paper reports the outcome of Session With Carer, one of the activities in the Year 4 Personal and Professional Development (PPD) module in the new integrated curriculum of the Undergraduate Medical Programme at the Faculty of Medicine,
    Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Methods: This activity involves groups of 14 – 15 students sitting in with family members of individuals with mental illness. The session starts with the carer giving his or her perspective of patient’s care and the challenges involved. This is followed by a question and answer session. Finally, the carer provides a written feedback by way of scoring certain items as well as brief comments. After the session, each student is required to prepare an individual report in the form of reflective writing. Results: Out of a total of 224 students, the reflections of 126 students were reviewed to assess what they had learnt from the Session With Carer. Among the more significant findings were: 100% learnt about the various challenges faced by carers. 31.7% learnt the importance of
    faith/spirituality of the carer in caring for a mentally ill family member. 29.4% learnt the importance of family and others’ support. An equal number, that is, 26.2% learnt that it helps for the carer to have good mental health and a positive attitude, as well as good
    knowledge of the illness. Those who became aware of the benefits of the carer having patience and determination made up 23.8% of the total reflections reviewed. Conclusion: The findings show that the Session With Carer is very educational, and helps create more
    awareness of the importance of the carer’s role in patient management and support. In other words, carers can act as teachers in creating more public awareness about mental illness and
    ultimately, help in gradually removing the stigma associated with mental illness. Therefore, carers should be utilized for this purpose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  11. Fulltext Managing ‘schizophrenia in the midst of schizophrenia’- the role of assertive community treatment
    Ahmad Nabil, M.R., Marhani, M., Azlin, B.
    Medicine & Health, 2014;9(2):139-142.
    MyJurnal
    This case report emphasizes the role of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) in managing a family with four members suffering from mental illness, mainly schizophrenia. We report a case of middle-aged lady who was diagnosed with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) living with two other family members with the same illness and their carer who developed major depression from shouldering the burden of caring for mentally ill family members. ACT, through its holistic approach, proved to have reduced hospitalizations and improve symptom control and quality of life in this family.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  12. Fulltext Depression and functional level in schizophrenia: a comparison between chronic hospitalised in-patients and community care patients
    Tan, John J.T., Nor Zuraida, Z., Mohamad Omer, H., Gill, Jesjeet Singh, Lau, Kelvin H.K.
    JUMMEC, 2007;10(2):31-36.
    MyJurnal
    Recent innovations in the treatment of schizophrenia reflect a growing trend towards community-based care. Malaysia had in the past few years attempted to deinstitutionalise mental patients in the mental hospitals. Therefore it is important to conduct research to compare the two groups of schizophrenia patients (community-based patients against chronic hospitalised patients) to ascertain if deinstitutionalisation has been beneficial. The main objective of the study was to compare levels of depression and function in community-based patients against chronic hospitalised patients as depression is prevalent among schizophrenia patients. This study was cross sectional in nature where data was collected from 51 inpatients in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK) and 23 community-based patients. Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) were the assessment tools used. Community-based patients were found to have significantly lower scores in the CDSS scale (1.96) as compared to chronic hospitalised patients (4.04); p < 0.01). They also showed higher functional capability between community-based and hospitalised patients respectively (74.04 vs 57.92) respectively. (p < 0.001). Community services appeared to be more effective than long stay in-patient services in preventing depression and promoting better functional levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  13. Fulltext Moving the Malaysia tobacco control agenda forward in psychiatry
    Amer Siddiq, A.N., Farizah, M.H.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2013;22(2):91-94.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Tobacco smoking kills and estimated six million lives annually worldwide of which include 10,000 Malaysian lives. Twenty three per cent of Malaysian adults smoke however, similar prevalence is not known among the mentally ill. Those with mental illness often have higher prevalence rates and greater disability due to smoking. This commentary aims to update the mental health community in Malaysia on the on-going efforts made locally to assist the national tobacco control agenda. Methods: A brief report of recent updates is provided for this article. Results and Conclusion: Three major significant activities are reported, all of which will move the tobacco control agenda within psychiatry forward. These activities will allow psychiatry be in a better position to align tobacco control activities for the mentally ill
    together with the general population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  14. Fulltext Care demands-related concerns and perceived service needs of families of people with mental illness in the community
    Saloma, P., Chan, K.G., Ong, M.F.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):17-26.
    MyJurnal
    Owing to reduced inpatient stays, people with mental illness (PMI) were often discharged from the hospital in ‘acute’ conditions. During this transition period of fragility, the relocation of care from hospital to home has tremendous impact on every aspect of a family’s life as they need to face a challenging task of caring especially when they are ‘not ready’ and ‘ignorant’ about the chronicity and severity of the illness. Furthermore, where economic and psychological support is concerned, those who are undertaking this task may require significant professional guidance. Aims: This study examines the experiences of 100 families in caring for people with mental illness in the community. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted in their homes within three Malaysian states of Sabah, Sarawak and Johor in year 2013. Results: Three themes emerged from the findings of ‘care demands related concerns’ of these families. These include theme (1): care provision related concerns of families which were related to the needs of people with mental illness for continuing care provision, their non-compliance with medication and relapse, altered sleep pattern, limited self-care ability, behavioral problems and also social isolation. Theme (2): perceived availability of resources of service provision/support which were related to activities planned for the families before the discharge of the people with mental illness and theme (3): family members perceived service needs whereby they informed of their needs such as continual health care through home visit, provision of financial aid, job coach service, centre for care provision of PMI and rehabilitative programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  15. Fulltext Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Mentally Ill Individuals and Their Coping Mechanisms
    Walke SC, Chandrasekaran V, Mayya SS
    J Neurosci Rural Pract, 2018 5 5;9(2):180-185.
    PMID: 29725166 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_312_17
    Background: During a given year, almost 30% of the people around the world are affected by mentally ill health. In India, it accounts for about 20%. Caregivers face a lot of strain, ill health, and disrupted family life, with literature suggesting an increasing concern about their ability to cope up. The needs of caregivers of the mentally ill are given low priority in the current health-care setting in India.

    Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the burden of caregivers of mentally ill individuals and their coping mechanisms.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed with a quantitative approach. A convenient sample of 320 caregivers was taken from two private tertiary care centers and one public secondary care center in Udupi taluk. This study was conducted using the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) and Brief Cope Scale (BCS). Statistical analysis was done on categorical variables, and they were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were measured using mean and standard deviation. Univariate and multivariate analysis using binomial logistic regression was done. SPSS version 15 was used to analyze the data.

    Results: According to BAS, severe burden accounted for 40.9% and moderate for 59.1%. The highest amount of burden was seen in the areas of physical and mental health, spouse related, and in areas of external support. The BCS showed that the most frequently used coping styles were practicing religion, active coping, and planning.

    Conclusion: This study concluded that caregivers of the mentally ill individuals do undergo a lot of burden. Hence, there is a need to develop strategies that can help them such as providing them with a support structure as well as counseling services.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  16. Perceived training needs of nurses working with mentally ill patients
    Oranye NO, Arumugam U, Ahmad N, Arumugam ME
    Contemp Nurse, 2016 Oct;52(5):555-566.
    PMID: 27248157 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2016.1194726
    Introductio n: In Malaysia, nurses form a significant part of the clinical mental health team, but the current level of training in mental health results in suboptimal nursing care delivery.

    METHODS: For this study 220 registered nurses and medical assistants working with the mentally ill completed a structured questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived competence in mental healthcare and the training needs of nurses working with mentally ill patients in inpatient mental healthcare facilities.

    RESULTS: The skills perceived as important for practicing in mental health varied among the nurse participants. Post basic training in mental health was significantly related to perceived competence in patient mental state assessment (p=0.036), risk assessment for suicide (p=0.024), violence (p=0.044) and self-harm (p=0.013).

    CONCLUSION: There is little emphasis on psychosocial skills in current post basic mental health training in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
  17. Experiments and rights
    Vollrath J
    Bioethics, 1989 Apr;3(2):93-105.
    PMID: 11649247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.1989.tb00331.x
    Matched MeSH terms: Mentally Ill Persons
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