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Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of the Microcystin-Degrading Bacterium Novosphingobium sp. Strain MD-1

Okano K, Shimizu K, Saito T, Maseda H, Utsumi M, Itayama T, et al.

Microbiol Resour Announc, 2020 Mar 19;9(12).
PMID: 32193242 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01413-19

This report describes the whole-genome sequence of a microcystin-degrading bacterium, Novosphingobium sp. strain MD-1, isolated from a lake in Japan. The Novosphingobium sp. strain MD-1 genome had a total length of 4,617,766 bp. Moreover, strain MD-1 showed a conserved microcystin-degrading gene cluster (mlrA to mlrF), similar to Sphingopyxis sp. strain C-1.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Data on DNA-seq analysis of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. SUK 48

Ahmad SJ, Zin NM

Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106768.
PMID: 33604422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106768

The data genome sequence of SUK 48 consists of 8,341,706 bp, comprising of one contig with a high G + C content of 72.33%. The genome sequence encodes for 67 tRNAs and 21 rRNAs in one contig. SUK48 was found to have low similarities with other Streptomyces sp. (81-93% ANI indices) indicating that the isolated strain has a unique genome property and is presumably a novel species. This genome includes 34 genetic clusters responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including two polyketide synthase (PKS) clusters; one PKS type II cluster gene, one PKS gene cluster type III, five NRPS genetic clusters, and five PKS/NRPS hybrid clusters.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Response of microcystin biosynthesis and its biosynthesis gene cluster transcription in Microcystis aeruginosa on electrochemical oxidation

Gao Y, Shimizu K, Amano C, Wang X, Pham TL, Sugiura N, et al.

Environ Technol, 2019 Nov;40(27):3593-3601.
PMID: 29806796 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1482371

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), which is one of the most commonly found microcystins (MCs) in fresh water, has been proved to be a potential tumour promoter and classified as 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. MC-LR decomposition and inhibition of MC-LR production in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated under electrolysis condition using an electrolysis cell consisting of Ti/Pt electrodes and Nafion membrane. The relationship between the decrease in MC-LR concentration and transcription of MC-LR synthesis gene clusters was determined by performing real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to monitor changes in the levels of transcription encoding mcyB and mcyD (cDNA to DNA) in M. aeruginosa NIES 1086 under electrolysis condition and three different conditions (i.e. oxygenated, air aerated and unaerated) as controls. Cell density decreased from day 2 under electrolysis than under the three controls. Intracellular MC-LR concentration was approximately 33 fg cell-1 under electrolysis from days 4 to 8, while those in the other conditions ranged in 40-50 fg cell-1. The mcyB transcription continuously decreased from day 2 to nondetectable level in day 6 under electrolysis, while this transcription was stabilised under the three controls. This result suggested that oxidative stress, such as hydroxyl radicals, played an important role in the down-regulation of mcyB and mcyD gene transcription level and the MC-LR concentration and cell density of M. aeruginosa.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Oncoinformatic screening of the gene clusters involved in the HER2-positive breast cancer formation along with the in silico pharmacodynamic profiling of selective long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as the metastatic antagonists

Morshed AKMH, Al Azad S, Mia MAR, Uddin MF, Ema TI, Yeasin RB, et al.

Mol Divers, 2023 Dec;27(6):2651-2672.
PMID: 36445532 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10573-8

The HER2-positive patients occupy ~ 30% of the total breast cancer patients globally where no prevalent drugs are available to mitigate the frequent metastasis clinically except lapatinib and neratinib. This scarcity reinforced researchers' quest for new medications where natural substances are significantly considered. Valuing the aforementioned issues, this research aimed to study the ERBB2-mediated string networks that work behind the HER2-positive breast cancer formation regarding co-expression, gene regulation, GAMA-receptor-signaling pathway, cellular polarization, and signal inhibition. Following the overexpression, promotor methylation, and survivability profiles of ERBB2, the super docking position of HER2 was identified using the quantum tunneling algorithm. Supramolecular docking was conducted to study the target specificity of EPA and DHA fatty acids followed by a comprehensive molecular dynamic simulation (100 ns) to reveal the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H-bonds, and MM/GBSA values. Finally, potential drug targets for EPA and DHA in breast cancer were constructed to determine the drug-protein interactions (DPI) at metabolic stages. Considering the values resulting from the combinational models of the oncoinformatic, pharmacodynamic, and metabolic parameters, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA can be considered as potential-targeted therapeutics for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext A hybrid distance measure for clustering expressed sequence tags originating from the same gene family

Ng KH, Ho CK, Phon-Amnuaisuk S

PLoS One, 2012;7(10):e47216.
PMID: 23071763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047216

Clustering is a key step in the processing of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). The primary goal of clustering is to put ESTs from the same transcript of a single gene into a unique cluster. Recent EST clustering algorithms mostly adopt the alignment-free distance measures, where they tend to yield acceptable clustering accuracies with reasonable computational time. Despite the fact that these clustering methods work satisfactorily on a majority of the EST datasets, they have a common weakness. They are prone to deliver unsatisfactory clustering results when dealing with ESTs from the genes derived from the same family. The root cause is the distance measures applied on them are not sensitive enough to separate these closely related genes.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family*
Genetics and polymorphism of a duplicated malate dehydrogenase (MDH) locus in the grasshopper Oxya japonica japonica (Orthoptera:Acrididae:Oxyinae)

Chan KL, Yushayati Y, Guganeswaran P

Biochem Genet, 1991 Aug;29(7-8):337-44.
PMID: 1747096

A biochemical genetic study of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was conducted in the grasshopper Oxya j. japonica. Analysis of MDH electrophoretic variation in this species of grasshopper shows that one of the two autosomal loci for MDH in grasshoppers, the Mdh-2 locus, controlling the anodal set of MDH isozymes, is duplicated. Results of breeding studies confirm this and the observed polymorphism at the Mdh-2 locus in the two populations of Oxya j. japonica studied can be attributed to three forms of linked alleles at the duplicated locus in equilibrium in both populations. In this respect, all individuals of this species possess heterozygous allelic combinations at the duplicated Mdh-2 locus, which may account for the spread of the duplicated locus in the populations of this species of grasshopper.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family*
Fulltext Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals a New Genospecies of Methylobacterium sp. GXS13, Isolated from Vitis vinifera L. Xylem Sap

Lai WX, Gan HM, Hudson AO, Savka MA

Genome Announc, 2016;4(1).
PMID: 26847900 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01695-15

The whole-genome sequence of a new genospecies of Methylobacterium sp., named GXS13 and isolated from grapevine xylem sap, is reported and demonstrates potential for methylotrophy, cytokinin synthesis, and cell wall modification. In addition, biosynthetic gene clusters were identified for cupriachelin, carotenoid, and acyl-homoserine lactone using the antiSMASH server.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Discovery of a new polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from limestone soil through metagenomic approach

Tai YT, Foong CP, Najimudin N, Sudesh K

J Biosci Bioeng, 2016 Apr;121(4):355-64.
PMID: 26467694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.08.008

PHA synthase (PhaC) is the key enzyme in the production of biodegradable plastics known as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Nevertheless, most of these enzymes are isolated from cultivable bacteria using traditional isolation method. Most of the microorganisms found in nature could not be successfully cultivated due to the lack of knowledge on their growth conditions. In this study, a culture-independent approach was applied. The presence of phaC genes in limestone soil was screened using primers targeting the class I and II PHA synthases. Based on the partial gene sequences, a total of 19 gene clusters have been identified and 7 clones were selected for full length amplification through genome walking. The complete phaC gene sequence of one of the clones (SC8) was obtained and it revealed 81% nucleotide identity to the PHA synthase gene of Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. This gene obtained from uncultured bacterium was successfully cloned and expressed in a Cupriavidus necator PHB(-)4 PHA-negative mutant resulting in the accumulation of significant amount of PHA. The PHA synthase activity of this transformant was 64 ± 12 U/g proteins. This paper presents a pioneering study on the discovery of phaC in a limestone area using metagenomic approach. Through this study, a new functional phaC was discovered from uncultured bacterium. Phylogenetic classification for all the phaCs isolated from this study has revealed that limestone hill harbors a great diversity of PhaCs with activities that have not yet been investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext Genome Sequence of Vibrio campbellii Strain UMTGB204, a Marine Bacterium Isolated from a Green Barrel Tunicate

Gan HY, Noor ME, Saari NA, Musa N, Mustapha B, Usup G, et al.

Genome Announc, 2015;3(2).
PMID: 25814609 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00210-15

Vibrio campbellii strain UMTGB204 was isolated from a green barrel tunicate. The genome of this strain comprises 5,652,224 bp with 5,014 open reading frames, 9 rRNAs, and 116 tRNAs. It contains genes related to virulence and environmental tolerance. Gene clusters for the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides and bacteriocin were also identified.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

Sani Haliru B, Rafii MY, Mazlan N, Ramlee SI, Muhammad I, Silas Akos I, et al.

Plants (Basel), 2020 Sep 14;9(9).
PMID: 32937908 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091202

Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is considered the main rice insect pest in Asia. Several BPH-resistant varieties of rice have been bred previously and released for large-scale production in various rice-growing regions. However, the frequent surfacing of new BPH biotypes necessitates the evolution of new rice varieties that have a wide genetic base to overcome BPH attacks. Nowadays, with the introduction of molecular approaches in varietal development, it is possible to combine multiple genes from diverse sources into a single genetic background for durable resistance. At present, above 37 BPH-resistant genes/polygenes have been detected from wild species and indica varieties, which are situated on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Five BPH gene clusters have been identified from chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 12. In addition, eight BPH-resistant genes have been successfully cloned. It is hoped that many more resistance genes will be explored through screening of additional domesticated and undomesticated species in due course.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext Rapid birth-death evolution and positive selection in detoxification-type glutathione S-transferases in mammals

Tan HM, Low WY

PLoS One, 2018;13(12):e0209336.
PMID: 30586459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209336

Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes that may have evolved in response to changes of environmental substrates. GST genes formed a multigene family and in mammals, there are six classes known as Alpha, Mu, Omega, Pi, Theta, and Zeta. Recent studies in phase I detoxification system specifically the cytochrome P450s provided a general explanation on why genes from a common origin such as those in a multigene family have both phylogenetically stable and unstable genes. Genes that participate in core functions of organisms such as development and physiology are stable whereas genes that play a role in detoxification are unstable and evolve in a process known as birth-death evolution, which is characterised by frequent gene gains and losses. The generality of the birth-death model at explaining the evolution of detoxification enzymes beyond the phase I enzyme has not been comprehensively explored. This work utilized 383 Gst genes and 300 pseudogenes across 22 mammalian species to study gene gains and losses. GSTs vary greatly in their phylogenetic stability despite their overall sequence similarity. Stable Gst genes from Omega and Zeta classes do not show fluctuation in gene numbers from human to opossum. These genes play a role in biosynthesis related functions. Unstable genes that include Alpha, Mu, Pi and Theta undergo frequent gene gain and loss in a process known as birth-death evolution. Gene members of these four classes are well known for their roles in detoxification. Our positive selection screen identified five positively selected sites in mouse GSTA3. Previous studies showed two of these sites (108H and 208E) were biochemically tested as important residues that conferred catalytic activity against the toxic aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide. The functional significance against aflatoxin of the remaining three positively selected sites warrant further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext Draft genome sequence data of Streptomyces sp. FH025

Goh LPW, Mahmud F, Lee PC

Data Brief, 2021 Jun;36:107128.
PMID: 34095378 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107128

The genome data of Streptomyces sp. FH025 comprised of 8,381,474 bp with a high GC content of 72.51%. The genome contains 7035 coding sequences spanning 1261 contigs. Streptomyces sp. FH025 contains 57 secondary metabolite gene clusters including polyketide synthase, nonribosomal polyketide synthase and other biosynthetic pathways such as amglyccycl, butyrolactone, terpenes, siderophores, lanthipeptide-class-iv, and ladderane. 16S rRNA analysis of Streptomyces sp. FH025 is similar to the Streptomyces genus. This whole genome project has been deposited at NCBI under the accession JAFLNG000000000.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext Genome Sequence of Bacillus sp. Strain UMTAT18 Isolated from the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Found in the Straits of Malacca

Danish-Daniel M, Ming GH, Mohd Noor ME, Sung YY, Usup G

Genome Announc, 2016 Oct 6;4(5).
PMID: 27795265 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01106-16

Bacillus sp. strain UMTAT18 was isolated from the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Its genome consists of 5,479,367 bp with 5,546 open reading frames, 102 tRNAs, and 29 rRNAs. Gene clusters for biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides, bacteriocin, and lantipeptide were identified. It also contains siderophore and genes related to stress tolerance.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Comamonas testosteroni R2, Consisting of Aromatic Compound Degradation Genes for Phenol Hydroxylase

Azwani F, Suzuki K, Honjyo M, Tashiro Y, Futamata H

Genome Announc, 2017 Sep 07;5(36).
PMID: 28883136 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00875-17

Comamonas testosteroni strain R2 was isolated from a continuous culture enriched by a low concentration of phenol-oxygenating activities with low Ks values (below 1 μM). The draft genome sequence of C. testosteroni strain R2 reported here may contribute to determining the phenol degradation gene cluster.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
[Case of deletion type beta(0)-thalassemia found in an Asian (Malaysian) family living in Japan]

Harano K, Harano T

Rinsho Byori, 2010 Apr;58(4):325-31.
PMID: 20496759

Hb and gene analyses of a Malaysian mother and her two daughters with microcytic anemia living in Japan were performed. Hb analyses of their hemolysates by IEF and DEAE-HPLC revealed high values of Hb A2 and HbF, but abnormal Hbs such as Hb E and Hb Constant Spring, which cause beta- and alpha-thalassemia traits, were not detected. From these data, they were suspected to be beta-thalassemia carriers. The thalassemic mutations commonly found in the Asian area by ARMS and nucleotide sequencing methods were not detected, and the frameworks of the beta-globin gene and the haplotypes of the beta-like globin gene cluster between the mother and daughters were not identical. These results led us to conclude that there was a beta(0)-thalassemia mutation with a large deletion from the beta-globin gene beyond the 3'beta/BamHI polymorphic site 3' downstream to the beta-globin gene. However, the range of the deletion from the beta-like globin gene cluster has not yet been completed in detail. Recently, there have been many foreigners mainly from Asian countries in Japan. We may encounter people with the rare type thalassemic mutation described in the text besides the mutations frequently found in Asian countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family/genetics
Identification of hub glycogenes and their nsSNP analysis from mouse RNA-Seq data

Firoz A, Malik A, Singh SK, Jha V, Ali A

Gene, 2015 Dec 15;574(2):235-46.
PMID: 26260015 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.012

Glycogenes regulate a large number of biological processes such as cancer and development. In this work, we created an interaction network of 923 glycogenes to detect potential hubs from different mouse tissues using RNA-Seq data. DAVID functional cluster analysis revealed enrichment of immune response, glycoprotein and cholesterol metabolic processes. We also explored nsSNPs that may modify the expression and function of identified hubs using computational methods. We observe that the number of nsSNPs predicted by any two methods to affect protein function is 4, 7 and 2 for FLT1, NID2 and TNFRSF1B. Residues in the native and mutant proteins were analyzed for solvent accessibility and secondary structure change. Analysis of hubs can help in determining their degree of conservation and understanding their functions in biological processes. The nsSNPs proposed in this work may be further targeted through experimental methods for understanding structural and functional relationships of hub mutants.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family*
Genetic Modifiers of Fetal Haemoglobin (HbF) and Phenotypic Severity in β-Thalassemia Patients

Razak SAA, Murad NAA, Masra F, Chong DLS, Abdullah N, Jalil N, et al.

Curr Mol Med, 2018;18(5):295-305.
PMID: 30289070 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666181004121604

BACKGROUND: The phenotypic severity of β-thalassemia is highly modulated by three genetic modifiers: β-globin (HBB) mutations, co-inheritance of α-thalassemia and polymorphisms in the genes associated with fetal haemoglobin (HbF) production. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of HbF related polymorphisms mainly in the HBB cluster, BCL11A (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11A) and HBS1L-MYB (HBS1-like translational GTPase-MYB protooncogene, transcription factor) with regards to clinical severity.
METHODS: A total of 149 patients were included in the study. HBA and HBB mutations were characterised using multiplex PCR, Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification. In addition, 35 HbF polymorphisms were genotyped using mass spectrometry and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP). The genotype-phenotype association was analysed using SPSS version 22.
RESULTS: Twenty-one HBB mutations were identified in the study population. Patients with HBB mutations had heterogeneous phenotypic severity due to the presence of other secondary modifiers. Co-inheritance of α-thalassemia (n = 12) alleviated disease severity of β-thalassemia. In addition, three polymorphisms (HBS1LMYB, rs4895441 [P = 0.008, odds ratio (OR) = 0.38 (0.18, 0.78)], rs9376092 [P = 0.030, OR = 0.36 (0.14, 0.90)]; and olfactory receptor [OR51B2] rs6578605 [P = 0.018, OR = 0.52 (0.31, 0.89)]) were associated with phenotypic severity. Secondary analysis of the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms with HbF levels revealed three nominally significant SNPs: rs6934903, rs9376095 and rs9494149 in HBS1L-MYB.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed 3 types of HbF polymorphisms that play an important role in ameliorating disease severity of β-thalassemia patients which may be useful as a predictive marker in clinical management.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family*
Fulltext Analysis of the xplAB-containing gene cluster involved in the bacterial degradation of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

Chong CS, Sabir DK, Lorenz A, Bontemps C, Andeer P, Stahl DA, et al.

Appl Environ Microbiol, 2014 Nov;80(21):6601-10.
PMID: 25128343 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01818-14

Repeated use of the explosive compound hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) on military land has resulted in significant soil and groundwater pollution. Rates of degradation of RDX in the environment are low, and accumulated RDX, which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined is a possible human carcinogen, is now threatening drinking water supplies. RDX-degrading microorganisms have been isolated from RDX-contaminated land; however, despite the presence of these species in contaminated soils, RDX pollution persists. To further understand this problem, we studied RDX-degrading species belonging to four different genera (Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Gordonia, and Williamsia) isolated from geographically distinct locations and established that the xplA and xplB (xplAB) genes, which encode a cytochrome P450 and a flavodoxin redox partner, respectively, are nearly identical in all these species. Together, the xplAB system catalyzes the reductive denitration of RDX and subsequent ring cleavage under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In addition to xplAB, the Rhodococcus species studied here share a 14-kb region flanking xplAB; thus, it appears likely that the RDX-metabolizing ability was transferred as a genomic island within a transposable element. The conservation and transfer of xplAB-flanking genes suggest a role in RDX metabolism. We therefore independently knocked out genes within this cluster in the RDX-degrading species Rhodococcus rhodochrous 11Y. Analysis of the resulting mutants revealed that XplA is essential for RDX degradation and that XplB is not the sole contributor of reducing equivalents to XplA. While XplA expression is induced under nitrogen-limiting conditions and further enhanced by the presence of RDX, MarR is not regulated by RDX.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family*
Fulltext Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Highly Expressed Genes Encoding Secondary Metabolite Pathways and Small Cysteine-Rich Proteins in the Sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis

Yap HY, Chooi YH, Fung SY, Ng ST, Tan CS, Tan NH

PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143549.
PMID: 26606395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143549

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (tiger milk mushroom) has long been known for its nutritional and medicinal benefits among the local communities in Southeast Asia. However, the molecular and genetic basis of its medicinal and nutraceutical properties at transcriptional level have not been investigated. In this study, the transcriptome of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium, the part with medicinal value, was analyzed using high-throughput Illumina HiSeqTM platform with good sequencing quality and alignment results. A total of 3,673, 117, and 59,649 events of alternative splicing, novel transcripts, and SNP variation were found to enrich its current genome database. A large number of transcripts were expressed and involved in the processing of gene information and carbohydrate metabolism. A few highly expressed genes encoding the cysteine-rich cerato-platanin, hydrophobins, and sugar-binding lectins were identified and their possible roles in L. rhinocerotis were discussed. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glucans, six gene clusters encoding four terpene synthases and one each of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase, and 109 transcribed cytochrome P450 sequences were also identified in the transcriptome. The data from this study forms a valuable foundation for future research in the exploitation of this mushroom in pharmacological and industrial applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase genes and PHA-associated gene clusters in Pseudomonas spp. and Janthinobacterium spp. isolated from Antarctica

Tan IKP, Foong CP, Tan HT, Lim H, Zain NA, Tan YC, et al.

J Biotechnol, 2020 Apr 10;313:18-28.
PMID: 32171790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.03.006

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing capability of four bacterial strains isolated from Antarctica was reported in a previous study. This study analyzed the PHA synthase genes and the PHA-associated gene clusters from the two antarctic Pseudomonas isolates (UMAB-08 and UMAB-40) and the two antarctic Janthinobacterium isolates (UMAB-56 and UMAB-60) through whole-genome sequence analysis. The Pseudomonas isolates were found to carry PHA synthase genes which fall into two different PHA gene clusters, namely Class I and Class II, which are involved in the biosynthesis of short-chain-length-PHA (SCL-PHA) and medium-chain-length-PHA (MCL-PHA), respectively. On the other hand, the Janthinobacterium isolates carry a Class I and an uncharacterized putative PHA synthase genes. No other gene involved in PHA synthesis was detected in close proximity to the uncharacterized putative PHA synthase gene in the Janthinobacterium isolates, therefore it falls into a separate clade from the ordinary Class I, II, III and IV clades of PHA synthase (PhaC) phylogenetic tree. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the uncharacterized putative PHA synthase gene contains all the highly conserved amino acid residues and the proposed catalytic triad of PHA synthase. PHA biosynthesis and in vitro PhaC enzymatic assay results showed that this uncharacterized putative PHA synthase from Janthinobacterium sp. UMAB-60 is funtional. This report adds new knowledge to the PHA synthase database as we describe scarce information of PHA synthase genes and PHA-associated gene clusters from the antarctic bacterial isolates (extreme and geographically isolated environment) and comparing with those from non-antarctic PHA-producing bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family

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