Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 131 in total

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  1. Frequent detection of human herpesvirus 6 in oral carcinoma
    Yadav M, Chandrashekran A, Vasudevan DM, Ablashi DV
    J Natl Cancer Inst, 1994 Dec 07;86(23):1792-4.
    PMID: 7966419
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/virology*
  2. Fulltext Cancer and COVID-19 vaccines: a complex global picture
    Yusuf A, Sarfati D, Booth CM, Pramesh CS, Lombe D, Aggarwal A, et al.
    Lancet Oncol, 2021 06;22(6):749-751.
    PMID: 33930324 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00244-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/virology
  3. Neoplasia in goldlined seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775)
    Singaravel V, Gopalakrishnan A, Raja K, Rajkumar M, Ferguson HW
    J Fish Dis, 2018 Feb;41(2):405-411.
    PMID: 29125189 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12737
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/virology
  4. Fulltext Antibody Responses to Fusobacterium nucleatum Proteins in Prediagnostic Blood Samples are not Associated with Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer
    Butt J, Jenab M, Pawlita M, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, et al.
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2019 Sep;28(9):1552-1555.
    PMID: 31481495 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0313
    BACKGROUND: There is a lack of prospective data on the potential association of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and colorectal cancer risk. In this study, we assessed whether antibody responses to F. nucleatum are associated with colorectal cancer risk in prediagnostic serum samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: We applied a multiplex serology assay to simultaneously measure antibody responses to 11 F. nucleatum antigens in prediagnostic serum samples from 485 colorectal cancer cases and 485 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

    RESULTS: We observed neither a statistically significant colorectal cancer risk association for antibodies to individual F. nucleatum proteins nor for combined positivity to any of the 11 proteins (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62-1.06).

    CONCLUSIONS: Antibody responses to F. nucleatum proteins in prediagnostic serum samples from a subset of colorectal cancer cases and matched controls within the EPIC study were not associated with colorectal cancer risk.

    IMPACT: Our findings in prospectively ascertained serum samples contradict the existing literature on the association of F. nucleatum with colorectal cancer risk. Future prospective studies, specifically detecting F. nucleatum in stool or tissue biopsies, are needed to complement our findings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/virology*
  5. Fulltext Biology and pathological associations of the human papillomaviruses: a review
    Cheah PL, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 1998 Jun;20(1):1-10.
    PMID: 10879257
    Historical cottontail rabbit papillomavirus studies raised early indications of a mammalian DNA oncogenic virus. Today, molecular cloning recognises numerous animal and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the development of in vitro transformation assays has escalated oncological research in HPVs. Currently, their detection and typing in tissues is usually by Southern blotting, in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods. The complete papillomavirus virion constitutes a protein coat (capsid) surrounding a circular, double-stranded DNA organised into coding and non-coding regions. 8 early (E1-E8) open reading frames (ORFs) and 2 late (L1, L2) ORFs have been identified in the coding region of all papillomaviruses. The early ORFs encode proteins which interact with the host genome to produce new viral DNA while late ORFs are activated only after viral DNA replication and encode for viral capsid proteins. All papillomaviruses are obligatory intranuclear organisms with specific tropism for keratinocytes. Three possible courses of events can follow papillomaviruses entry into cells: (1) viral DNA are maintained as intranuclear, extrachromosomal, circular DNA episomes, which replicates synchronously with the host cell, establishing a latent infection; (2) conversion from latent into productive infection with assembly of complete infective virions; (3) integration of viral DNA into host cellular genome, a phenomenon seen in HPV infections associated with malignant transformation. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) essentially induce skin and mucosal epithelial lesions. Various skin warts are well known to be HPV-associated (HPVs 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10). Besides HPVs 3 and 10, HPVs 5, 8, 17 and 20 have been recovered from Epidermodysplasia verruciformis lesions. Anogenital condyloma acuminatum, strongly linked with HPVs 6 and 11 are probably sexually transmitted. The same HPVs, demonstrable in recurrent juvenile laryngeal papillomas, are probably transmitted by passage through an infected birth canal. HPVs described in uterine cervical lesions are generally categorized into those associated with high (16, 18), intermediate (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68) and low (6, 11, 26, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55, 62, 66) risk of cervical squamous carcinoma. Cervical adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have also been linked to HPVs, especially HPV18. Other lesions reported to be HPV-associated are: papillomas, dysplasia and carcinomas in the nasal cavity (HPV 6, 11, 57); squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, and verruca vulgaris of the oral cavity (HPV 6, 11), oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (HPV 13, 32); warty lip lesions (HPV 2): and conjunctival papillomas (HPV 6, 11).
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology; Skin Neoplasms/virology
  6. Virotherapy: Current Trends and Future Prospects for Treatment of Colon and Rectal Malignancies
    Lee CL, Veeramani S, Molouki A, Lim SHE, Thomas W, Chia SL, et al.
    Cancer Invest, 2019;37(8):393-414.
    PMID: 31502477 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1660887
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. In recent decades, early diagnosis and conventional therapies have resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. However, late stage metastatic disease still has very limited effective treatment options. There is a growing interest in using viruses to help target therapies to tumour sites. In recent years the evolution of immunotherapy has emphasised the importance of directing the immune system to eliminate tumour cells; we aim to give a state-of-the-art over-view of the diverse viruses that have been investigated as potential oncolytic agents for the treatment of CRC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/virology; Rectal Neoplasms/virology
  7. Fulltext The distinctive profile of risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison with other head and neck cancer types
    Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abdulmuhaimen N, Abubakar F, Abbas KA
    BMC Public Health, 2008;8:400.
    PMID: 19055849 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-400
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other head and neck cancer (HNCA) types show a great epidemiological variation in different regions of the world. NPC has multifactorial etiology and many interacting risk factors are involved in NPC development mainly Epstein Barr virus (EBV). There is a need to scrutinize the complicated network of risk factors affecting NPC and how far they are different from that of other HNCA types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*; Laryngeal Neoplasms/virology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*
  8. Fulltext Global genomic diversity of human papillomavirus 6 based on 724 isolates and 190 complete genome sequences
    Jelen MM, Chen Z, Kocjan BJ, Burt FJ, Chan PK, Chouhy D, et al.
    J Virol, 2014 Jul;88(13):7307-16.
    PMID: 24741079 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00621-14
    Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomas and has been included in both the quadrivalent and nonavalent prophylactic HPV vaccines. This study investigated the global genomic diversity of HPV6, using 724 isolates and 190 complete genomes from six continents, and the association of HPV6 genomic variants with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and gender. Initially, a 2,800-bp E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment was sequenced from 492/530 (92.8%) HPV6-positive samples collected for this study. Among them, 130 exhibited at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), indel, or amino acid change in the E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment and were sequenced in full. A global alignment and maximum likelihood tree of 190 complete HPV6 genomes (130 fully sequenced in this study and 60 obtained from sequence repositories) revealed two variant lineages, A and B, and five B sublineages: B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5. HPV6 (sub)lineage-specific SNPs and a 960-bp representative region for whole-genome-based phylogenetic clustering within the L2 open reading frame were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lineage B predominated globally. Sublineage B3 was more common in Africa and North and South America, and lineage A was more common in Asia. Sublineages B1 and B3 were associated with anogenital infections, indicating a potential lesion-specific predilection of some HPV6 sublineages. Females had higher odds for infection with sublineage B3 than males. In conclusion, a global HPV6 phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two variant lineages and five sublineages, showing some degree of ethnogeographic, gender, and/or disease predilection in their distribution.

    IMPORTANCE: This study established the largest database of globally circulating HPV6 genomic variants and contributed a total of 130 new, complete HPV6 genome sequences to available sequence repositories. Two HPV6 variant lineages and five sublineages were identified and showed some degree of association with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and/or gender. We additionally identified several HPV6 lineage- and sublineage-specific SNPs to facilitate the identification of HPV6 variants and determined a representative region within the L2 gene that is suitable for HPV6 whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis. This study complements and significantly expands the current knowledge of HPV6 genetic diversity and forms a comprehensive basis for future epidemiological, evolutionary, functional, pathogenicity, vaccination, and molecular assay development studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anus Neoplasms/virology; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology; Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology
  9. Fulltext Genome-wide association analyses identify new susceptibility loci for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer
    Lesseur C, Diergaarde B, Olshan AF, Wünsch-Filho V, Ness AR, Liu G, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2016 Dec;48(12):1544-1550.
    PMID: 27749845 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3685
    We conducted a genome-wide association study of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer in 6,034 cases and 6,585 controls from Europe, North America and South America. We detected eight significantly associated loci (P < 5 × 10-8), seven of which are new for these cancer sites. Oral and pharyngeal cancers combined were associated with loci at 6p21.32 (rs3828805, HLA-DQB1), 10q26.13 (rs201982221, LHPP) and 11p15.4 (rs1453414, OR52N2-TRIM5). Oral cancer was associated with two new regions, 2p23.3 (rs6547741, GPN1) and 9q34.12 (rs928674, LAMC3), and with known cancer-related loci-9p21.3 (rs8181047, CDKN2B-AS1) and 5p15.33 (rs10462706, CLPTM1L). Oropharyngeal cancer associations were limited to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, and classical HLA allele imputation showed a protective association with the class II haplotype HLA-DRB1*1301-HLA-DQA1*0103-HLA-DQB1*0603 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, P = 2.7 × 10-9). Stratified analyses on a subgroup of oropharyngeal cases with information available on human papillomavirus (HPV) status indicated that this association was considerably stronger in HPV-positive (OR = 0.23, P = 1.6 × 10-6) than in HPV-negative (OR = 0.75, P = 0.16) cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/virology; Pharyngeal Neoplasms/virology
  10. Human papillomavirus in cervical cancers of Malaysians
    Cheah PL, Looi LM, Sivanesaratnam V
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2011 Jun;37(6):489-95.
    PMID: 21349124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01386.x
    With cervical carcinoma remaining the second leading cancer among Malaysian women, it is imperative to clarify the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in this respect, considering the dearth of local information.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology*
  11. Genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer: role of common polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes
    Tan SC, Ankathil R
    Tumour Biol., 2015 Sep;36(9):6633-44.
    PMID: 26242271 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3868-2
    Cervical cancer is a common malignancy which poses a significant health burden among women, especially those living in the developing countries. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been unequivocally implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the cancer, it alone is not adequate to contribute to the malignant transformation of cervical cells. Most HPV infections regress spontaneously, and only a small proportion of women have persistent infections which eventually lead to malignancy. This suggests that interplays between HPV infection and other cofactors certainly exist during the process of cervical carcinogenesis, which synergistically contribute to the differential susceptibility of an individual to the malignancy. Undoubtedly, host genetic factors represent a major element involved in such a synergistic interaction, and accumulating evidence suggests that polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes play an important role in the genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer. This review consolidates the recent literatures on the role of common polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes in genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
  12. Fulltext Inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of Newcastle disease virus strain AF2240 on mammary carcinoma cell line
    Ahmad U, Ahmed I, Keong YY, Abd Manan N, Othman F
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:127828.
    PMID: 25821783 DOI: 10.1155/2015/127828
    Breast cancer is the malignant tumour that developed from cells of the breast and is the first leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the available treatments for breast cancer, but these were reported to have side effects. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) known as Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV1) belongs to the genus Avulavirus in a family Paramyxoviridae. NDV is shown to be a promising anticancer agent, killing tumour cells while sparing normal cells unharmed. In this study, the oncolytic and cytotoxic activities of NDV AF2240 strain were evaluated on MDA-MB-231, human mammary carcinoma cell line, using MTT assay, and its inhibitory effects were further studied using proliferation and migration assays. Morphological and apoptotic-inducing effects of NDV on MD-MB-231 cells were observed using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. Detection of DNA fragmentation was done following terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated Br-dUTP nick end labeling staining (TUNEL) assay, which confirmed that the mode of death was through apoptosis and was quantified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, analysis of cellular DNA content demonstrated that the virus caused an increase in the sub-G1 phase (apoptotic peak) of the cell cycle. It appears that NDV AF2240 strain is a potent anticancer agent that induced apoptosis in time-dependent manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/virology*
  13. Fulltext "Non-infectious" syndromes associated with infectious agents
    Lim VKE
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55(3):389-97; quiz 398.
    PMID: 11200726
    Over the past two decades there has been numerous new associations between chronic diseases traditionally considered non-infectious with infectious agents. This list of diseases include peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, neuropsychiatric disorders, haematological disorders and malignancies. These associations have been made possible through improvements in diagnostic tests based on molecular biology techniques. The discovery of these associations is important as it opens up exciting opportunities for the prevention and treatment of many diseases hitherto considered incurable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/virology*
  14. Generation of monoclonal antibodies against Hong Kong nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)
    Chan BC, To KF, Pang JC, Chung YF, Lo KW, Tong JH, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2002 Dec 10;102(5):492-8.
    PMID: 12432552
    A panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to Hong Kong Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-associated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) variants has been generated. These monoclonal antibodies not only differentiate the Hong Kong Chinese NPC-associated LMP1 variants from the prototype B95-8 LMP1, derived from Caucasian infectious mononucleosis, but also differentiate the 2 highly homologous LMP1 deletion variants commonly found in Hong Kong primary NPC. The predominant deletion type variant, DV-Asp335, is characterized by an aspartic acid at residue 335 located in the cytoplasmic C-terminal region, whereas the other minor deletion variant, DV-Gly335, has a glycine in the same residue position. 335D is hitherto found predominantly in LMP1 of the China 1 strain in association with NPC in the Chinese populations located in southern China and Malaysia. These antibodies, which are applicable in ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections, are the first variant-specific anti-LMP1 monoclonal antibodies produced, and will be useful in investigating the functional significance of 335D in NPC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*
  15. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Malaysian upper-aerodigestive-tract lymphoma: incidence and sub-type
    Peh SC, Sandvej K, Pallesen G
    Int J Cancer, 1995 May 4;61(3):327-32.
    PMID: 7729943
    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type B, a less potent transformer of B lymphocytes than type A, has rarely been detected in EBV-associated neoplasms except in AIDS-related lymphomas, in which about 50% of the cases contained this sub-type. In this study we analyzed the association of EBV and the distribution of virus sub-types in Asian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the upper aerodigestive tract. We studied archival material of 29 NHL cases from Malaysia. B- and T-cell associated antigens were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and EBV early RNA EBER-1 was demonstrated using the RNA in situ hybridization technique. EBV was detected in the majority of tumour cells in 11/13 T-NHL but in only 1/16 B-NHL. EBV was sub-typed by single-step polymerase chain reaction of the EBNA-2 gene. This was successful in 9/10 cases of EBER-1-positive tumours and all contained type-A virus only. Our results showed a preponderance of T-cell lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract in the ethnic Chinese group of Malaysian patients, and EBV was strongly associated with T-NHL but not with B-NHL. Our results suggest that type-A EBV is the prevalent sub-type in Asian NHL of the upper aerodigestive tract, similarly to findings in Asian nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*; Palatal Neoplasms/virology*; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/virology*
  16. Fulltext Human papillomavirus DNA and virus-encoded antigens in cervical carcinoma
    Padmanathan A, Yadav M, Gregory AR, Kumar S, Norhanum AW
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):108-16.
    PMID: 10968067
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical carcinoma tissues using PCR followed by non-radioactive Southern hybridization with type-specific oligonucleotides for HPV 16 and 18. In addition, the tissue sections were immunohistochemically screened with two monoclonal antibodies, for expression of HPV 16 L1 and HPV 18 E6 proteins. A total of 57 of 60 cervical carcinomas (95.0%) were found with HPV using both techniques. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were present in equal proportions. Results of both DNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry were in agreement for the majority of the cases. HPV 16 and 18 DNA and virus-encoded antigens, L1 and E6 were found highly prevalent in these cervical carcinomas. Due to the high prevalence of HPV with cervical carcinoma in Malaysia, the implementation of routine diagnosis for the virus in cervical biopsies would be clinically useful.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology*
  17. Fulltext Polymerase chain reaction detection and restriction enzyme typing of human papillomavirus in cervical carcinoma
    Yadav M, Nurhayati ZA, Padmanathan A, Abdul Aziz Y, Norhanom AW
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):64-71.
    PMID: 7752979
    Specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been implicated in the development of cervical carcinoma worldwide. Novel molecular techniques have facilitated the detection and typing of HPV in cervical lesions. DNA preparations from a series of 23 histopathologically confirmed cervical carcinoma patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for the presence of HPV DNA sequences. A total of 22 of 23 cases studied (95.7%) were found positive for HPV DNA sequences. Further studies by DNA hybridization with viral specific probe and restriction enzyme analysis demonstrated the presence of HPV 16 in 73.9% (17/23) and HPV 18 in 65.2% (15/23) of the cases examined. Interestingly, the uncommon HPV 31 and 33 were also found but with a lower percentage (16.9%). It was noted that HPV 16 frequency in the carcinoma increased with age but HPV 18 was evenly present at all ages investigated. We found that HPV was frequently associated with the majority of the cervical carcinomas, and in all but one case, oncogenic high risk HPV genotypes were present. We conclude that HPV infection of the genital tract has an important role in the development of the disease in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology*
  18. 'Lest we forget' as we move forward with cervical screening
    Saville M, McNally O
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018 Jun;58(3):265-266.
    PMID: 29864221 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12813
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
  19. Target DNA detection of human papilloma virus-16 E7 gene by capture-target-reporter sandwich on interdigitated electrode sensor
    Lin J, Gopinath SCB, Lakshmipriya T, Chen Y, Yuan WR, Yang M
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 Dec 01;141:564-569.
    PMID: 31493451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.012
    Human papilloma virus (HPV) affects predominantly the genital area, which includes vagina, cervix, penis, vulva scrotum, rectum and anus. Among 100 types of HPV, 14 types are considered to cause the risky cancer. The gene HPV-16 E7 is responsible for the development of cancer with the infected women. Earlier identification of this gene sequence avoids the cancer progression. The targeted HPV-16 E7 sequence was sandwiched by capture and reporter sequences on the carbodiimidazole-modified interdigitated electrode (IDE) surface. Target sequence at 100 f. was paired to the capture sequence immobilized on IDE sensing surface. To this surface, different concentrations of reporter sequence with and without gold rod (GNR) were evaluated. In both cases the detections were attained 1 aM by the reporter sequence pairing and with GNR increments in current were found. This enhancement was found to be 1000 folds, considering the condition was revealed in the absence of reporter. This sandwich detection strategy of capture-target-reporter sequences for HPV-16 detection on the IDE sensing surface helps to diagnose the association of cervical cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
  20. MicroRNAs serving as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A critical review
    Lee KT, Tan JK, Lam AK, Gan SY
    Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2016 Jul;103:1-9.
    PMID: 27179594 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.006
    Despite significant medical advancement, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains one of the most difficult cancers to detect and treat where it continues to prevail especially among the Asian population. miRNAs could act as tumour suppressor genes or oncogenes in NPC. They play important roles in the pathogenesis of NPC by regulating specific target genes which are involved in various cellular processes and pathways. In particular, studies on miRNAs related to the Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein one (LMP1) and EBVmiRNA- BART miRNA confirmed the link between EBV and NPC. Both miRNA and its target genes could potentially be exploited for prognostic and therapeutic strategies. They are also important in predicting the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The detection of stable circulating miRNAs in plasma of NPC patients has raised the potential of miRNAs as novel diagnostic markers. To conclude, understanding the roles of miRNA in NPC will identify ways to improve the management of patients with NPC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology
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