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Brexpiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia

Yee A

Expert Rev Neurother, 2016;16(2):109-22.
PMID: 26650624 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1129901

Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a novel serotonin-dopamine activity modulator, which has recently been approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of schizophrenia. The aim of this paper is to systematically synthesize all data of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Brexpiprazole in treating schizophrenia. The terms 'Brexpiprazole', 'OPC-34712' and 'schizophrenia' were searched. A total of 12 clinical trials with 7 available data records were found. The pooled effect size of Brexpiprazole 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg were all superior to placebo in terms of the change from baseline in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) total score at week 6 (weighted mean difference = -3.74, p = 0.044; weighted mean difference = -5.76, p

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use*
Fulltext The use of aripiprazole in early onset schizophrenia: safety and efficacy

Normala I, Hamidin A

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):240-1.
PMID: 20527278 MyJurnal

The use of atypical antipsychotic agents in early onset schizophrenia is rising despite its limited data on efficacy, safety and tolerability. Early onset schizophrenia warrants effective pharmacological treatment that is safe and well tolerated by children and adolescent population. Existing atypical agents are not completely free of side effects. Aripiprazole has unique properties that differ from other atypical antipsychotics and fill up the missing gaps, as it is associated with minimal metabolic complications and extrapyramidal side effects that are more commonly seen in other atypical agents. It offers a better option for this population and may possibly be considered as first line treatment in future. This case report demonstrates the efficacy and safety of Aripiprazole in children and adolescent population.

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use*
Efficacy of Rebamipide in Organic and Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jaafar MH, Safi SZ, Tan MP, Rampal S, Mahadeva S

Dig Dis Sci, 2018 05;63(5):1250-1260.
PMID: 29192375 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4871-9

OBJECTIVE: The role of gastritis in dyspepsia remains controversial. We aimed to examine the efficacy of rebamipide, a gastric mucosal protective agent, in both organic and functional dyspepsia.
DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. The following databases were searched using the keywords ("rebamipide" OR "gastroprotective agent*" OR "mucosta") AND ("dyspepsia" OR "indigestion" OR "gastrointestinal symptoms"): PubMed, Wed of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register. The primary outcome was dyspepsia or upper GI symptom score improvement. Pooled analysis of the main outcome data were presented as risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data and standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous data.
RESULTS: From an initial 248 records, 17 randomised controlled trial (RCT) publications involving 2170 subjects (1224 rebamipide, 946 placebo/control) were included in the final analysis. Twelve RCTs were conducted in subjects with organic dyspepsia (peptic ulcer disease, reflux esophagitis or NSAID-induced gastropathy) and five RCTs were conducted in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Overall, dyspepsia symptom improvement was significantly better with rebamipide compared to placebo/control drug (RR 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64-0.93; SMD -0.46, 95% CI = -0.83 to -0.09). Significant symptom improvement was observed both in pooled RR and SMD in subjects with organic dyspepsia (RR 0.72, 95% CI = 0.61-0.86; SMD -0.23, 95% CI = -0.4 to -0.07), while symptom improvement in FD was observed in pooled SMD but not RR (SMD -0.62, 95% CI = -1.16 to -0.08; RR 1.01, 95% CI = 0.71-1.45).
CONCLUSION: Rebamipide is effective in organic dyspepsia and may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia.

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use*
Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males [corrected]

Cheong LL, Chan RK, Nadarajah M

Genitourin Med, 1992 Aug;68(4):260-2.
PMID: 1328033

To study the effectiveness of single-dose pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males.

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use
Association of ADRA2A and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with weight loss following antipsychotic switching to aripiprazole or ziprasidone

Roffeei SN, Reynolds GP, Zainal NZ, Said MA, Hatim A, Aida SA, et al.

Hum Psychopharmacol, 2014 Jan;29(1):38-45.
PMID: 24424705 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2366

Various genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether risk polymorphisms in 12 candidate genes are associated with reduction in body mass index (BMI) of patients following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole or ziprasidone.

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use*
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aripiprazole for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence and associated psychosis

Sulaiman AH, Gill JS, Said MA, Zainal NZ, Hussein HM, Guan NC

Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 2013 Jun;17(2):131-8.
PMID: 22486597 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2012.667116

The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for treatment of psychosis, retention and abstinence in patients with methamphetamine dependence.

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use*
Metabolic syndrome and antipsychotic monotherapy treatment among schizophrenia patients in Malaysia

Said MA, Hatim A, Habil MH, Zafidah W, Haslina MY, Badiah Y, et al.

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S50-3.
PMID: 23337566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.005

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy in Malaysia.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at multiple centres between June 2008 and September 2011. Two hundred and five patients who fulfilled the DSM IV-TR diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and who had been on antipsychotic medication for at least one year, were screened for metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving a mood stabilizer were excluded from the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Treatment Panel III (ATP III) modified for Asian waist circumference.
RESULTS: In the first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) group, the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was among patients treated with trifluoperazine and flupenthixol decanoate (66.7% each). For the second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) group, the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was among patients treated with clozapine (66.7%). The component with the highest prevalence in metabolic syndrome was waist circumference in both FGA and SGA groups except for aripiprazole in SGA.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy in Malaysia was very high. Intervention measures are urgently needed to combat these problems.
KEYWORDS: Antipsychotics; Metabolic syndrome; Monotherapy; Prevalence; Schizophrenia

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use
Fulltext Antibiotic prescribing in public and private practice: a cross-sectional study in primary care clinics in Malaysia

Ab Rahman N, Teng CL, Sivasampu S

BMC Infect Dis, 2016 05 17;16:208.
PMID: 27188538 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1530-2

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic overuse is driving the emergence of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Good data on prescribing behaviours of healthcare providers are needed to support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. This study examined the differences in antibiotic prescribing rates of public and private primary care clinics in Malaysia.

METHODS: We used data from the National Medical Care Survey (NMCS), a nationwide cluster sample of Malaysian public and private primary care clinics in 2014. NMCS contained demographic, diagnoses and prescribing from 129 public clinics and 416 private clinics. We identified all encounters who were prescribed antibiotic and analyse the prescribing rate, types of antibiotics, and diagnoses that resulted in antibiotic.

RESULTS: Five thousand eight hundred ten encounters were prescribed antibiotics; antibiotic prescribing rate was 21.1 % (public clinics 6.8 %, private clinics 30.8 %). Antibiotic prescribing was higher in private clinics where they contributed almost 87 % of antibiotics prescribed in primary care. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was the most frequent diagnosis in patients receiving antibiotic therapy and accounted for 49.2 % of prescriptions. Of the patients diagnosed with URTI, 46.2 % received antibiotic treatment (public 16.8 %, private 57.7 %). Penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics and accounted for 30.7, 23.6 and 16.0 % of all antibiotics, respectively. More recently available broad-spectrum antibiotics such as azithromycin and quinolones were more frequently prescribed in private clinics.

CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prescribing rates are high in both public and private primary care settings in Malaysia, especially in the latter. This study provides evidence of excessive and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for self-limiting conditions. These data highlights the needs for more concerted interventions targeting both prescribers and public. Improvement strategies should focus on reducing inappropriate prescribing.

Matched MeSH terms: Quinolones/therapeutic use