Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 54 in total

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  1. Fulltext Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among patients and healthcare workers in a hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Al-Talib H, Yean CY, Hasan H, Nik Zuraina NM, Ravichandran M
    Pol J Microbiol, 2013;62(1):109-12.
    PMID: 23829087
    Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common source of nosocomial infection and colonization. The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal carriage, its association with factors of interest including its genetic relationships. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be 28.7%. This study showed that patients with a history of previous antibiotic intake, nasogastric tube, and longer hospitalization had a significantly high risk of being MRSA nasal carriers. The genetic relationship of all 34 nasal MRSA isolates revealed four major clusters of isolates, and there was a relationship between MRSA isolated from inpatients and healthcare workers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  2. Fulltext Pattern of neonatal septicemia in a Malaysian maternity hospital
    Boo NY, Wong YH, Lim VK
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):189-93.
    PMID: 2626133
    Over a 12 months period, out of 25,411 livebirths, 155 neonates (6.1 per 1000 livebirths) had proven septicemia by blood culture. The mortality rate was 26.5%. Septicemia was more common among the very low birthweight and preterm neonates of gestation of 30 weeks or less. 45.8% of the septicemia occurred during the first 48 hours of life. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common causative organism. However, mortality was highest among neonates who acquired multiresistant nosocomial infection during the later part of neonatal life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  3. Fulltext Staphylococcus aureus carriage in selected communities and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns
    Norazah A, Lim VKE, Munirah SN, Kamel AGM
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):255-61.
    PMID: 14569746
    The carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in the community were determined. Nasal, throat and axillary swabs were taken from 100 healthy adults and 90 disabled nursing home inmates. Antibiotic disc susceptibility testing was conducted following the NCCLS method. Staphylococcus aureus carriage was noted in 29% of healthy adults and 47.7% of nursing home inmates. Out of 79 strains, resistance to antibiotics were as follows; penicillin (92.4%), genetamicin (2.5%), tetracycline (6.3%), fusidic acid (11.3%), erythromycin (3.8%), pefloxacin (5.1%), mupirocin (3.8%), amikacin (3.8%), ciprofloxacin (2.5%) and chloramphenicol (2.5%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was not isolated. Multiple colonizations and multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus were shown to occur in healthy individuals without risk factors and not previously hospitalized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  4. First community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Malaysia
    Nor Shamsudin M, Sekawi Z, van Belkum A, Neela V
    J Med Microbiol, 2008 Sep;57(Pt 9):1180-1181.
    PMID: 18719195 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47844-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  5. Increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Malaysia
    Ahmad N, Nawi S, Rajasekaran G, Maning N, Aziz MN, Husin A, et al.
    J Med Microbiol, 2010 Dec;59(Pt 12):1530-1532.
    PMID: 20724515 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.022079-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  6. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, 2003-2015: Comparative evaluation of changing trends in molecular epidemiology and clinical outcomes of infections
    Niek WK, Teh CSJ, Idris N, Sit PS, Lee YQ, Thong KL, et al.
    Infect Genet Evol, 2020 11;85:104567.
    PMID: 32980576 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104567
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prominent pathogen causing invasive infections such as bacteraemia. The continued excessive use of antibiotics to treat MRSA infections has resulted in the evolution of antimicrobial resistant of S. aureus. This study aims to perform a comparative evaluation of changing trends in molecular epidemiology of MRSA and clinical characteristics of patients. This study shows that ST22-MRSA-IV has gradually replaced ST239-MRSA-III as the predominant MRSA clone in the tertiary teaching hospital studied. Independent predictors of mortality among patients included devices in situ at the time of infection, pre-exposure to macrolides, catheter-related bloodstream infection and mono-microbial infection. Hence, our study affirmed community-associated MRSA, which was previously identified from individuals without any exposure to healthcare settings, has now emerged in healthcare settings, causing healthcare-associated MRSA infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  7. Fulltext An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit in Singapore: a 20-month study of clinical characteristics and control
    Tan KW, Tay L, Lim SH
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Jun;35(3):277-82.
    PMID: 7997904
    Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major infection control problem in many countries. There have been many reports of outbreaks in neonatal nurseries including, in our part of the world, Australia, Hong Kong and Malaysia. A recent outbreak of MRSA in the neonatal intensive care unit in the Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore, presented us with the opportunity to study the clinical characteristics of the outbreak and the effects of infection control measures. Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were studied over a 20-month period. They were all screened for nasal colonisation on admission and weekly thereafter. Infections were documented. Over this period there were altogether 2,576 admissions of which 85 infants had nasal colonisation with MRSA (3.3%) and 28 developed infections (1%). Although the majority of infants colonised by MRSA suffered no ill effects, 3 had septicaemia and 2 had septicaemia with osteomyelitis. There were no deaths. Standard infection control measures with barrier nursing and the use of mupirocin nasal ointment were ineffective, and control was achieved only after strict cohorting together with the use of mupirocin was instituted. This was done without additional costs to the department and without additional nurses or doctors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  8. Fulltext Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Malaysian neonatal unit
    Lim VKE, Zulkifli HI
    Singapore Med J, 1987 Apr;28(2):176-9.
    PMID: 3629274
    Methicillin resistant Siaphylococcus aureus Is a common isolate from clinical specimens obtained from babies at the special care nursery of the Kuala Lumpur Maternity Hospital. Major Infections due to this organism were, however uncommon and the organism had in the majority of cases been present as a coloniser or as a cause of superficial infection. Netilmicin is a valuable antibiotic in the treatment of the severe infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  9. Staphylococcal infection in Malaysian hospitals
    Lim VK
    J Hosp Infect, 1988 Feb;11 Suppl A:103-8.
    PMID: 2896692
    Staphylococcal infection is common in Malaysian hospitals. A recent survey of 22 Malaysian hospitals revealed that staphylococci were isolated from almost 40% of positive blood cultures. A more detailed analysis of such cases in our own hospital showed that almost 70% of Staphylococcus aureus and about 16% of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates were associated with clinically-significant disease. Staphylococcal bacteraemia was seen mainly in neonatal sepsis, skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and postoperative sepsis. Multiply-resistant S. aureus were encountered in all the hospitals surveyed. Resistance rates to penicillin ranged from 40% to almost 100% while methicillin resistance rates of up to 25% were reported from several hospitals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  10. Fulltext Clonal distribution and possible microevolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Tan XE, Neoh HM, Hussin S, Zin NM
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;3(3):224-8.
    PMID: 23620843 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60055-6
    OBJECTIVE: To genotypically characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from medical and surgical wards in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in 2009.

    METHODS: MRSA strains were collected and molecularly typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

    RESULTS: PFGE typing on 180 MRSA isolated in UKMMC identified 5 pulsotypes (A-E) and 6 singletons, where pulsotypes B and C were suspected to be divergent clones originating from a single ancestor. This study also showed that most MRSA strains were isolated from swab (119 isolates), followed by blood (22 isolates), tracheal aspirate (11 isolates) and sputum (10 isolates). On the other hand, urine and bone isolates were less, which were 4 and 1 isolates, respectively. The distribution of different pulsotypes of MRSA among wards suggested that MRSA was communicated in surgical and medical wards in UKMMC, with pulsotype B MRSA as the dominant strain. Besides, it was found that most deceased patients were infected by pulsotype B MRSA, however, no particular pulsotype could be associated with patient age, underlying disease, or ward of admittance.

    CONCLUSIONS: Five pulsotypes of MRSA and 6 singletons were identified, with pulsotype B MRSA as the endemic strains circulating in these wards, which is useful in establishment of preventive measures against MRSA transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  11. Fulltext First report on the molecular epidemiology of Malaysian Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a university teaching hospital
    Sani NA, Sapri HF, Neoh HM, Hussin S
    BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:597.
    PMID: 25186825 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-597
    Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen associated with nosocomial infections whose medical importance has increased due to progressively invasive medical procedures. In this study, we characterized the molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis strains circulating in our university hospital situated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  12. Fulltext The significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in a low resource setting
    Abdul Rahman Z, Hamzah SH, Hassan SA, Osman S, Md Noor SS
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2013 Jun;7(6):448-52.
    PMID: 23771288 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2535
    INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of micro-organisms that are increasingly implicated as a cause of significant infection and the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). One important predictor of true BSI is the isolation of CoNS from multiple blood cultures, presuming that the isolates represent the same species. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
    METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective laboratory study which was initiated in June 2007 and lasted until July 2008. CoNS isolates were obtained from patients who had two positive blood cultures within a 14-day interval. CoNS were identified to the species level using an API-Staph, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute specifications. Strain relatedness was confirmed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
    RESULTS: During the study period, 202 CoNS-positive samples were isolated from 101 patients. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (59.0%), and 83.2% of the patients isolated the same species of CoNS from repeated blood cultures. Among the isolates of the same species, only 40.7% had the same antibiogram. CoNS with the same species and antibiogram had 93.3% probability of belonging to the same strain. Most (65.5%) of the patients were treated with antibiotics, primarily from the glycopeptides group.
    CONCLUSION: Speciation and antibiogram of CoNS from repeated blood cultures are adequate in determining the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  13. Temporal changes in the genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a tertiary Malaysian hospital based on MLST, spa, and mec-associated dru typing
    Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY, Goering RV, Thong KL
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Oct;74(2):106-12.
    PMID: 22770652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.033
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main bacterial pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections leading to pneumonia, bloodstream, skin, and soft tissue infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the genomic changes of MRSA in a tertiary hospital between the years 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008. One hundred fifty-four MRSA strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa, and mec-associated dru typing. Among the 154 strains, 29 different dru, 15 spa, and 8 MLST types were identified. Seven sequence types (STs) (ST239, ST22, ST5, ST6, ST80, ST573, and ST241) were identified among 2007-08 strains, although only 2 STs (ST239 and ST20) were observed among 2003 strains. Clones ST239-t037-dt13g, ST22-t032-(dt10a and dt10aw), and 28 other MRSA clones being introduced in 2007-2008 have replaced the ST239-t037 (dt13d, 14h, 13i, 13l, 13m, 15m, 15l, and 11al) clones present in 2003. The predominant MLST clone, ST239 (90.3%), was further distinguished into 7 different spa types and 26 different dru types, including 17 novel dru types. Maximum parsimony tree based on dru repeats revealed that 10 dru types (dt11am, dt13j, dt15n, dt13q, dt13n, dt13p, dt13f, dt13ao, dt12j, dt7v) shared the same MLST-spa types with dt13d, suggesting that these MRSA clones might have evolved from ST239-t037-dt13d. In conclusion, our data showed that the ST239-t037-dt13d clone and other MRSA clones in 2003 were replaced by ST239-t037-dt13g and other new emerging spa and dru types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  14. Diversity in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Neela V, Nor Shamsudin M, Ghasemzadeh Moghaddam H, Tavakol M, van Belkum A, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Dec;31(12):3317-21.
    PMID: 23010901 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1698-3
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well known for its epidemicity, with the emergence of new clones on a daily basis. Diversity in the clonal types of MRSA challenges the success of treatment, as different clones respond to different sets of antibiotics. However, the antibiotic susceptibility among the isolates within the same clones is largely unexplored. In a previous study on MRSA epidemiology in Malaysia, we identified six major clonal complexes (ST-239-CC8, ST-1-CC1, ST-188-CC1, ST-22-CC22, ST-7-CC7 and ST-1283-CC8). In the present study, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates of different clones. Three hundred and eighty-nine MRSA isolates were subjected to the disc diffusion test, oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and assessment of the distribution of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance genes. Thirty-six different antibiotic profiles were observed: 30 (83.3 %) among ST-239, 2 (5.6 %) among ST-1283 and 1 (2.8 %) each for ST-1, ST-7, ST-22 and ST-188. All ST-239 (362, 9 %) isolates were multiple drug-resistant (MDR; resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics) and had oxacillin MICs >256 mg/l. Among the 385 clindamycin-resistant isolates, 375 (96.4 %) illustrated inducible resistance (D-zone-positive), while 10 (2.6 %) showed constitutive resistance. The vast majority of the macrolide-resistant isolates carried the ermA gene (95.1 %), followed by ermC (12.9 %). Diversity in the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates within the clones emphasises the need for continuous surveillance of MDR strains to prescribe the correct antibiotic rather than empirical treatment. This will likely reduce the emergence of new endemic or epidemic resistant MRSA clones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  15. Fulltext First report on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of Spa type T037, Sequence Type 239, SCCmec type III/IIIA in Malaysia
    Neela V, Ghasemzadeh Moghaddam H, van Belkum A, Horst-Kreft D, Mariana NS, Ghaznavi Rad E
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;29(1):115-7.
    PMID: 19779745 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0813-6
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Malaysia were shown to possess staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-III and IIIA. Spa sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) documented t037 and ST 239 (CC8) for 83.3% of the isolates. This confirms observations in several other Far Eastern countries and corroborates the epidemicity of this clone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  16. Multisensitive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Malaysia
    Sam IC, Kahar-Bador M, Chan YF, Loong SK, Mohd Nor Ghazali F
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2008 Dec;62(4):437-9.
    PMID: 18842374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.07.016
    The 1st 9 clinical isolates of multisensitive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) from Malaysia carry SCCmec type IV and predominantly cause skin and soft-tissue infections. Seven were classified as nosocomially acquired. There was considerable clonal diversity, with both pandemic and novel multilocus sequence types detected. CA-MRSA rates appear to be increasing in our hospital, warranting close surveillance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  17. Predominance of Three Closely Related Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Carrying a Unique ccrC-Positive SCCmec type III and the Emergence of spa t304 and t690 SCCmec type IV pvl(+) MRSA Isolates in Kinta Valley, Malaysia
    Ho WY, Choo QC, Chew CH
    Microb Drug Resist, 2017 Mar;23(2):215-223.
    PMID: 27203527 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0250
    We investigated the epidemiology and clonality of 175 nonrepetitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from clinical specimens collected between 2011 and 2012 in Kinta Valley in Malaysia. Molecular tools such as polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing were used. Our study revealed the predominance of three closely related ermA(+) SCCmec type III pulsotypes belonging to spa type t037 (Brazilian-Hungarian clone), which were deficient in the locus F, but positive for the ccrC gene in majority (65.7%) of the MRSA infections in this region. The first evidence of SCCmec type II MRSA in the country, belonging to spa type t2460, was also noted. Although the carriage of pvl gene was uncommon (8.6%) and mostly confined to either SCCmec type IV or SCCmec type V isolates, most of these isolates belonged to spa types t345 or t657, which are associated with the Bengal-Bay CA-MRSA clone. Interestingly, spa t304 and t690 SCCmec type IV pvl(+) were also detected among the MRSA isolates. Data from this study show the rise of uncommon clones among MRSA isolates in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  18. A major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone predominates in Malaysian hospitals
    Norazah A, Lim VK, Rohani MY, Alfizah H, Koh YT, Kamel AG
    Epidemiol Infect, 2003 Jun;130(3):407-11.
    PMID: 12825724
    This study was conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Malaysian hospitals. A total of 264 MRSA isolates from eight hospitals were subjected to typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI restricted DNA. Antibiotic disk susceptibility testing was also carried out to determine their resistance patterns. Thirty-one PFGE pattern types were identified. Three major pattern types A, ZC and K were found with type A the predominant profile in c. 80% of strains and present in all hospitals. Unlike type A, other DNA pattern types were unique to the hospitals in which they were isolated. PFGE type A also consisted of strains that were multiply antibiotic resistant. The presence of a single predominant PFGE type in Malaysian hospitals is an important finding which suggests that inter-hospital spread of MRSA had occurred frequently and regularly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  19. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia: Correlations between clinical, phenotypic, genotypic characteristics and mortality in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Sit PS, Teh CSJ, Idris N, Ponnampalavanar S
    Infect Genet Evol, 2018 04;59:132-141.
    PMID: 29421224 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.031
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is a serious infection that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the predictors of mortality in patient with MRSA bacteremia correlating with clinical, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the relevant strains. Most of the bacteremia cases were healthcare-associated (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  20. Fulltext Nasal septal abscess--retrospective analysis of 14 cases from University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur
    Jalaludin MA
    Singapore Med J, 1993 Oct;34(5):435-7.
    PMID: 8153693
    Fourteen patients who presented to the University Hospital of Kuala Lumpur between June 1981 and June 1991 were reviewed retrospectively. Nasal septal abscesses are uncommon and therefore there are limited reports in the medical literature. Early diagnosis and immediate therapy is mandatory to avoid cosmetic nasal deformity or intracranial infection. Two out of the fourteen patients developed saddle nose deformity and septal perforation because of delay in treatment, the cases were misdiagnosed by non-otolaryngologist as turbinates swelling. The leading cause of nasal septal abscess was non-surgical trauma which accounted for about 85.7%. The commonest pathogenic organism isolated from the pus of nasal septal abscess was Staphylococcus aureus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
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