MyMedR

A freak specimen of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) from Malaysia (Diptera: Culicidae)

Rudnick A, Jeffery J, Seng HL, Nee LB

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1971 Mar;2(1):85-6.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Fulltext Analysis of Essential Oils Components from Aromatic Plants Using Headspace Repellent Method against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Mustapa MA, Guswenrivo I, Zurohtun A, Khairul Ikram NK, Muchtaridi M

Molecules, 2023 May 23;28(11).

PMID: 37298745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114269

This research serves as the basis for developing essential oil-based repellent activity tests against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The method used for the isolation of essential oils was the steam distillation method. Virus-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used as test animals by applying the 10% essential oil repellent on the arms of volunteers. The analysis of the essential oils activities and aromas' components was carried out using headspace repellent and GC-MS methods. Based on the results, the yields of essential oil from 5000 g samples for cinnamon bark, clove flowers, patchouli, nutmeg seed, lemongrass, citronella grass, and turmeric rhizome were 1.9%, 16%, 2.2%, 16.8%, 0.9%, 1.4%, and 6.8%, respectively. The activity test showed that the average repellent power of 10% essential oils, patchouli, cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric, clove flowers, citronella grass, and lemongrass, was 95.2%, 83.8%, 71.4%, 94.7%, 71.4%, 80.4%, and 85%, respectively. Patchouli and cinnamon had the best average repellent power. Meanwhile, the aroma activities showed that the average repellent power of the patchouli oil was 96%, and the cinnamon oil was 94%. From the GC-MS analysis, nine components were identified in the patchouli essential oil aromas' with the highest concentration being patchouli alcohol (42.7%), Azulene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1α,7α,8aβ)] (10.8%), α-guaiene (9.22%), and seychellene (8.19%)., whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were seven components identified in the patchouli essential oil aroma with a high concentration of the components, which were patchouli alcohol (52.5%), Seychellene (5.2%), and α-guaiene (5.2%). The analysis results of cinnamon essential oil using the GC-MS method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with E-cinnamaldehyde (73%) being the highest component, whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with highest concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (86.1%). It can be concluded that the chemical compounds contained in patchouli and cinnamon bark have the potential to be environmentally friendly repellents in controlling and preventing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Viability of unmanned aerial vehicles in identifying potential breeding sites for mosquito

Mahfodz Z, Dom NC, Abdullah S, Precha N

Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(Suppl 1):148-157.

PMID: 38555900

INTRODUCTION: Surveillance of mosquito breeding sites is essential because it provides the information needed to assess risks and thus respond to dengue outbreaks. This article aims to review existing research on the viability of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to identify potential breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes and highlight the issues related to their implementation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a literature search in four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and IEEE Xplore) and completed it in December 2022. Articles that do not directly address the application of drones for surveillance and control of mosquito breeding sites were excluded.

RESULTS: The initial search using the keywords yielded 623 documents. After screening abstracts and reviewing the full text, only 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were in the proof-of-concept stage. Many studies have also incorporated drone technologies and machine learning techniques into surveillance efforts. The authors have highlighted seven key issues related to the operational aspects of using drones. Those are hardware, software, law and regulation, operating time, expertise, geography, and community involvement.

CONCLUSION: With rapid developments in drone technologies and machine learning techniques, the viability of drones as surveillance tools can be enhanced, thus effectively responding to global public health concerns.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Ten new records of mosquitoes occurring in West Malaysia

Ramalingam S, Pillai AG

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1973 Jun;4(2):271-2.

PMID: 4749080

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Aëdes aegypti in Malaya. I. Distribution and dispersal

MACDONALD WW

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1956 Dec;50(4):385-98.

PMID: 13395329

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

A preliminary Aedes aegypti survey

REID JA

Med J Malaya, 1954 Dec;9(2):161-8.

PMID: 14355279

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Aëdes aegypti in Malaya. III. Experiments on control and eradication

MACDONALD WW

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1957 Jun;51(2):175-86.

PMID: 13445078

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Fulltext Short report: unmanned aerial vehicle for wide area larvicide spraying (WALS) using Vectobac® WG at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Steven MC, Solomon PD, Arumugam P, Rasali R, Dominic AC, Md Ideris H, et al.

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2024 Feb 29;18(2):299-302.

PMID: 38484359 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18292

INTRODUCTION: Given the stagnating progress in the fight against dengue in Kota Kinabalu, there is an urgent need to use other strategies to complement the existing vector control, focusing on larviciding. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been used in vector control programs in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using UAVs for larviciding to control Aedes mosquitoes in urban areas.

METHODOLOGY: The Hexarotor Agro Drone (Polardrone Sdn Bhd, Malaysia) was used to carry out larviciding using Vectobac® manufactured by Valent BioSciences LLC, Libertyville, USA. The drone flew at a height of 10 feet and at a speed of 5 m/s. A total of 32 items with 10 larvae in each item were placed to test the effectiveness of larviciding using UAV.

RESULTS: Out of 32 items used, 4 containers had a 100% larva mortality (13.3% mortality). The drone was not able to reach the designated spraying route that had been pre-programmed. This was due to interference with the electromagnetic waves emitted from the home satellite dishes, that were in front of the houses along the route.

CONCLUSIONS: This trial showed that UAVs will be more suitable for use in larviciding in an open area without electromagnetic disturbances from electric house poles and satellite TV dishes that are commonly present in urban areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Cross Talk between MicroRNAs and Dengue Virus

Macha NO, Komarasamy TV, Harun S, Adnan NAA, Hassan SS, Balasubramaniam VRMT

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2024 May 01;110(5):856-867.

PMID: 38579704 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0546

Dengue fever (DF) is an endemic infectious tropical disease and is rapidly becoming a global problem. Dengue fever is caused by one of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and is spread by the female Aedes mosquito. Clinical manifestations of DF may range from asymptomatic to life-threatening severe illness with conditions of hemorrhagic fever and shock. Early and precise diagnosis is vital to avoid mortality from DF. A different approach is required to combat DF because of the challenges with the vaccines currently available, which are nonspecific; each is capable of causing cross-reaction and disease-enhancing antibody responses against the residual serotypes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be implicated in DENV infection and are postulated to be involved in most of the host responses. Thus, they might be a suitable target for new strategies against the disease. The involvement of miRNAs in cellular activities and pathways during viral infections has been explored under numerous conditions. Interestingly, miRNAs have also been shown to be involved in viral replication. In this review, we summarize the role of known miRNAs, specifically the role of miRNA Let-7c (miR-Let-7c), miR-133a, miR-30e, and miR-146a, in the regulation of DENV replication and their possible effects on the initial immune reaction.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/genetics; Aedes/virology

Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators Against Field-Collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Malaysia

Lau KW, Chen CD, Lee HL, Norma-Rashid Y, Sofian-Azirun M

J Med Entomol, 2015 Mar;52(2):199-206.

PMID: 26336304 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju019

Susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse larvae obtained from 12 states in Malaysia were evaluated against five insect growth regulators (IGRs), namely, pyriproxyfen, methoprene, diflubenzuron, cyromazine, and novaluron under laboratory conditions. Field populations of Ae. aegypti exhibited moderate resistance toward methoprene and low resistance toward pyriproxyfen, with resistance ratios of 12.7 and 1.4, respectively, but susceptibility to diflubenzuron, cyromazine, and novaluron. On the other hand, field populations of Ae. albopictus exhibited low resistance against diflubenzuron and novaluron, with resistance ratio of 2.1 and 1.0, respectively, but susceptibility to other tested IGRs. Our study concluded that the tested IGRs provide promising results and can be used to control field population of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, especially cyromazine. The use of IGR should be considered as an alternative when larvae develop resistance to conventional insecticides.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Infection of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. aegypti with Lambornella stegomyiae (Ciliophora: Tetrahymenidae)

Arshad HH, Sulaiman I

J Invertebr Pathol, 1995 Nov;66(3):303-6.

PMID: 8568285

The transformation of Lambornella stegomyiae trophonts to theronts, the distribution of invasion cysts on larval Aedes albopictus cuticle, and the virulence of L. stegomyiae to Ae. albopictus and Aedes aegypti were studied in the laboratory. Transformation of trophonts into theronts was induced by a morphogenic agent released from larval Ae. albopictus homogenate. The first transformation was observed 4 hr after exposure to larval mosquito homogenate, but most transformations occurred between 12 and 16 hr. Distribution of invasion cysts on the cuticle of mosquito larvae was not uniform and most cysts were formed on the abdomen and head. L. stegomyiae was highly infective and virulent to Ae. albopictus (mortality rate: 99.53%) and Ae. aegypti (mortality rate: 90.83%) larvae.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/parasitology*

Fulltext Distribution and density of Aedes aegypti (L) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Sarawak

Chang MS, Jute N

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):205-10.

PMID: 7176997

A total of 73 localities covering 4,894 premises and 26, 712 breeding habitats were surveyed in 1980 to determine and establish the density and distribution pattern of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Sarawak. A similar pattern has been observed in the density of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The number of houses positive with Aedes larvae were found to be highest in the coastal areas followed by the inland rural areas. The Aedes aegypti Breteau Index (B.I.) of 0-525 in the coastal areas is the highest followed by 0-207.5 in the inland rural areas. The study undertaken has now revealed that both the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are widespread in the State.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Fulltext A preliminary survey of Aedes aegypti in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia

Ho TM, Vythilingam I

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):409-14.

PMID: 7219273

A preliminary survey of Aedes aegypti was carried out in 6 areas in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The densities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the areas were discussed. Results indicated that the distribution of larval habitats varied with the housing type. The most ommon indoor larval habitat in urban areas is the bathroom tank. In both urban and rural areas, outdoor preference is for the earthenware jars. Anttraps have decreased in importance as larvae breeding habitats. The accuracy of house searches can be increased by increasing the number of larvae examined per container to 5 or more. Further study is required to determine whether the findings of this survey is peculiar to the areas surveyed or is representative of the whole country, and whether there is a seasonal fluctuation in the types of preferred larval habitats.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

First report on adulticide susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex vishnui from a pig farm in Tanjung Sepat, Selangor, Malaysia

Chen CD, Low VL, Lau KW, Lee HL, Nazni WA, Heo CC, et al.

J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2013 Sep;29(3):243-50.

PMID: 24199499

The present study aims to investigate the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui collected from a pig farm in Tanjung Sepat, Selangor, toward 11 insecticides representing the classes of organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids. The results of a World Health Organization adult mosquito bioassay revealed that Ae. albopictus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui exhibited different susceptibility toward various insecticides. Overall, pyrethroids were able to induce rapid knockdown for all test mosquito species. The pyrethroids lambdacyhalothrin and etofenprox were able to cause high mortality (> 80%) of all 3 species. The findings of the present study will benefit local authorities in selecting appropriate dosage of insecticides to be used in mosquito control in this area.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Some early findings on the possibility of using Aedes togoi as a vector of Dirofilaria repens in the laboratory

Cheong WH, Ben Omar AH

Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):332.

PMID: 4224562

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

A mosquito survey at Kuala Lumpur airport with special reference to Aedes aegypti

MACDONALD WW

Med J Malaya, 1956 Mar;10(3):232-45.

PMID: 13347454

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Experimental studies on potential vectors of Wuchereria bancrofti rurral strain in Thailand

Harinasuta C, Sucharit S, Guptavanij P

Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):239.

PMID: 4234374

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

A note on the interesting eggs of Aedes aurantius

Cheong WH

Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):242.

PMID: 4234377

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/growth & development*

DDT-resistance in West African and Asian strains of Aedes aegypti (L.)

Inwang EE, Khan MA, Brown AW

Bull World Health Organ, 1967;36(3):409-21.

PMID: 5299673

The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti has developed resistance to DDT in the Caribbean region and in South-East Asia, but not in West Africa. Therefore West African strains were compared with South-East Asian strains for their response to laboratory selection with DDT. It was found that West African strains were much slower to respond initially, but eventually could build up a high degree of DDT-resistance. By crossing and backcrossing with a susceptible marker-gene strain, it was found that this resistance was due to a single gene linked with the gene y (yellow) on chromosome 2 at a cross-over distance of approximately 35 units in an Upper Volta strain as in a Bangkok strain; interstrain crosses indicated that the gene was the same as that in a Trinidad strain and in one from Penang. Dieldrin-resistance could be readily induced in the Upper Volta strain and proved to be due to a gene also linked with y but at a crossover distance of approximately 25 units, comparable to that in Caribbean strains previously studied. Material from Karachi, West Pakistan, developed a dieldrin-resistance also showing 25% crossing over with y, and a DDT-resistance also linked with this chromosome-2 marker gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes*

Fulltext Preferred Aedes aegypti larval habitats in urban areas

Cheong WH

Bull World Health Organ, 1967;36(4):586-9.

PMID: 5299457

Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/growth & development*

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