Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 1052 in total

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  1. [Two distinct new K antigens of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Singapore]
    Ishibashi M, Kinoshita Y, Lam S, Takeda Y, Miwatani T
    Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi, 1980 Nov;35(6):765-6.
    PMID: 6165846
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens/isolation & purification*; Antigens, Bacterial*; Antigens, Surface*
  2. AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE COMMON CAUSES OF BLOODSTAIN DETERIORATION.I
    SINGH S, KHUAN OY
    Med J Malaysia, 1964 Jun;18:251-61.
    PMID: 14199443
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens*; Blood Group Antigens*
  3. Bispecific antibodies for targeted delivery of anti-cancer therapeutic agents: A review
    Beishenaliev A, Loke YL, Goh SJ, Geo HN, Mugila M, Misran M, et al.
    J Control Release, 2023 Jul;359:268-286.
    PMID: 37244297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.032
    Monospecific antibodies have been utilised increasingly for anti-cancer drug targeting owing to their ability to minimise off-target toxicity by binding specifically to a tumour epitope, hence selectively delivering drugs to the tumour cells. Nevertheless, the monospecific antibodies only engage a single cell surface epitope to deliver their drug payload. Hence, their performance is often unsatisfactory in cancers where multiple epitopes need to be engaged for optimal cellular internalisation. In this context, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that simultaneously target two distinct antigens or two distinct epitopes of the same antigen offer a promising alternative in antibody-based drug delivery. This review describes the recent advances in developing bsAb-based drug delivery strategies, encompassing the direct conjugation of drug to bsAbs to form bispecific antibody-drug conjugates (bsADCs) and the surface functionalisation of nanoconstructs with bsAbs to form bsAb-coupled nanoconstructs. The article first details the roles of bsAbs in enhancing the internalisation and intracellular trafficking of bsADCs with subsequent release of chemotherapeutic drugs for an augmented therapeutic efficacy, particularly among heterogeneous tumour cell populations. Then, the article discusses the roles of bsAbs in facilitating the delivery of drug-encapsulating nanoconstructs, including organic/inorganic nanoparticles and large bacteria-derived minicells, that provide a larger drug loading capacity and better stability in blood circulation than bsADCs. The limitations of each type of bsAb-based drug delivery strategy and the future prospects of more versatile strategies (e.g., trispecific antibodies, autonomous drug delivery systems, theranostics) are also elaborated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens
  4. HLA polymorphism in six Malay subethnic groups in Malaysia
    Edinur HA, Zafarina Z, Spínola H, Nurhaslindawaty AR, Panneerchelvam S, Norazmi MN
    Hum Immunol, 2009 Jul;70(7):518-26.
    PMID: 19364514 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.04.003
    In this study, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II were examined through sequence-specific primer typing in 176 unrelated individuals from six Malay subethnic groups of Peninsular Malaysia: Kelantan (n = 25), Minangkabau (34), Jawa (30), Bugis (31), Banjar (33), and Rawa (23). The most common HLA alleles in all groups were A*24 (26-41%), Cw*07 (24-32%), B*15 (22-30%), DRB1*12 (15-36%), and DQB1*03 (25-51%). The Malay subethnic groups studied demonstrated a close relationship to each other and to other Asian populations, despite specific differences between them. Banjar, Bugis, and Jawa Malays demonstrated no significant difference from each other, which could be a result of their related origin from the islands around the Java Sea. These three Malay subethnic groups were then collapsed into one group, which also helped to increase the sample number and sharpen statistical results. Minangkabau and Rawa Malays exhibited high similarities in allele group and haplotype frequencies, which could be a consequence of their common origin from Sumatera. Kelantan Malays, in addition to their statistically significant differences compared with the other groups, also exhibited differences on the most frequent haplotypes, which are almost absent in the other subethnic groups studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA Antigens/classification; HLA Antigens/genetics*; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics; HLA-A Antigens/genetics; HLA-B Antigens/genetics; HLA-C Antigens/genetics
  5. Fulltext Qualitative flow cytometric analysis of Malaysian myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients
    Mohadese Hashem B, Ramasamy R, Sabariah MN, Seman Z
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):77-80.
    PMID: 22582553 MyJurnal
    Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of haematological malignancies categorized by ineffective hematopoiesis that result in dysplasia. Although morphological diagnosis is a traditional and standard technique that is used for the diagnosis of MDS, the heterogeneous blood and bone marrow characteristics of MDS patients can potentially obscure the right diagnosis. Thus, we have utilized flow cytometric immunophenotyping as a supportive mechanism to obtain a more accurate and faster method for detection of abnormal markers in MDS. Flow cytometry was used for analyzing bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed MDS patients to investigate the abnormal antigen expression patterns in granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, lymphoid lineages and myeloid precursors. The results were compared with those obtained from cases that had Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) as a control. The most common abnormality found in the granulocytic lineage was the decrease of CD10. Low expressions of CD13 were the most frequent abnormality in the monocytic lineage. The erythroid lineage was found to have low expression of CD235A+/CD71+, reduce of CD71 and decreased CD235a. In conclusion, this method is useful for confirming cases in which it is difficult to make a diagnosis by morphology.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-DR Antigens/analysis; Antigens, CD/analysis; Antigens, CD13/analysis; Antigens, CD11b/analysis
  6. Autoantibodies to tetraspanins (CD9, CD81 and CD82) in demyelinating diseases
    Miyaji K, Paul F, Shahrizaila N, Umapathi T, Yuki N
    J Neuroimmunol, 2016 Feb 15;291:78-81.
    PMID: 26857499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.012
    Tetraspanin family proteins, CD9, CD81 and CD82 are expressed in the oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. We investigated autoantibodies to tetraspanin proteins in patients with demyelinating diseases. Sera were collected from 119 multiple sclerosis patients, 19 neuromyelitis optica, 42 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 23 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and 13 acute motor axonal neuropathy as well as 55 healthy controls. Few multiple sclerosis and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy patients had autoantibodies that were weakly reactive to CD9 or CD81 but the significance is unclear. It is unlikely that these autoantibodies are pathogenic or serve as potential biomarkers in demyelinating diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, CD/immunology*; Antigens, CD82/immunology; Antigens, CD81/immunology; Antigens, CD9/immunology
  7. Separation of P. Berghei antigens by disc electrophoresis
    Desowitz R
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):324.
    PMID: 4224343
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens*
  8. The application of fluorescent antibody test to Balantidium coli using fluorescent isothiocyanate and rhodamine isothiocyanate
    Zaman V
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):325.
    PMID: 4224345
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens*
  9. Generation of human scFv-IgG1Fc antibodies for detection of lymphatic filarial recombinant antigens, BmR1 and BmSXP
    Abdo AIK, Ngoh YY, Lew MH, Dass SA, Rahumatullah A, Noordin R, et al.
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2022 Feb;69(1):70-76.
    PMID: 33258152 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2082
    Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected parasitic disease that affects millions in tropical and subtropical countries and is caused by Wuchereria and Brugia species. Specific and sensitive detection methods are essential in mapping infected areas where rapid tests are needed to cover underdeveloped and remote regions, which facilitates eliminating the disease as a public health problem. A few commercialized rapid tests based on antigen or antibody detection are available, but the former only detects infection by Wuchereria species and cross-reacts with nonlymphatic filaria, whereas antibody detection might provide positive results of previous infection. Here, we report the production of three different recombinant immunoglobulin gamma (IgG)1 antibodies based on scFvs previously generated via human antibody phage display technology, that is, anti-BmR1 clone 4, anti-BmXSP clone 5B, and anti-BmXSP clone 2H2. The scFv sequences were cloned into a pCMV-IgG1 vector, then transfected into a HEK293F cell line. The generated antibodies were found to be able to bind to their respective targets even at relatively low concentration. Conjugation of Fc to scFv induces binder stability and provides multiple labeling sites for probes and signaling molecules that can be used in rapid tests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Helminth*
  10. Fulltext Divergent HLA variations and heterogeneous expression but recurrent HLA loss-of- heterozygosity and common HLA-B and TAP transcriptional silencing across advanced pediatric solid cancers
    Lim WC, Marques Da Costa ME, Godefroy K, Jacquet E, Gragert L, Rondof W, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1265469.
    PMID: 38318504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265469
    The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a major factor controlling cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy, yet its status in pediatric cancers remains fragmentary. We determined high-confidence HLA genotypes in 576 children, adolescents and young adults with recurrent/refractory solid tumors from the MOSCATO-01 and MAPPYACTS trials, using normal and tumor whole exome and RNA sequencing data and benchmarked algorithms. There was no evidence for narrowed HLA allelic diversity but discordant homozygosity and allele frequencies across tumor types and subtypes, such as in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma MYCN and 11q subtypes, and high-grade glioma, and several alleles may represent protective or susceptibility factors to specific pediatric solid cancers. There was a paucity of somatic mutations in HLA and antigen processing and presentation (APP) genes in most tumors, except in cases with mismatch repair deficiency or genetic instability. The prevalence of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) ranged from 5.9 to 7.7% in HLA class I and 8.0 to 16.7% in HLA class II genes, but was widely increased in osteosarcoma and glioblastoma (~15-25%), and for DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 in Ewing sarcoma (~23-28%) and low-grade glioma (~33-50%). HLA class I and HLA-DR antigen expression was assessed in 194 tumors and 44 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by immunochemistry, and class I and APP transcript levels quantified in PDXs by RT-qPCR. We confirmed that HLA class I antigen expression is heterogeneous in advanced pediatric solid tumors, with class I loss commonly associated with the transcriptional downregulation of HLA-B and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes, whereas class II antigen expression is scarce on tumor cells and occurs on immune infiltrating cells. Patients with tumors expressing sufficient HLA class I and TAP levels such as some glioma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcoma cases may more likely benefit from T cell-based approaches, whereas strategies to upregulate HLA expression, to expand the immunopeptidome, and to target TAP-independent epitopes or possibly LOH might provide novel therapeutic opportunities in others. The consequences of HLA class II expression by immune cells remain to be established. Immunogenetic profiling should be implemented in routine to inform immunotherapy trials for precision medicine of pediatric cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics; HLA Antigens/genetics; HLA-B Antigens/genetics; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
  11. Molecular analysis of HLA Class I and Class II genes in four indigenous Malaysian populations
    Jinam TA, Saitou N, Edo J, Mahmood A, Phipps ME
    Tissue Antigens, 2010 Feb;75(2):151-8.
    PMID: 20003135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01417.x
    This is the first report of high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in four indigenous groups in Malaysia. A total of 99 normal, healthy participants representing the Negrito (Jehai and Kensiu), Proto-Malay (Temuan) and a native group of Borneo (Bidayuh) were typed for HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genes using sequence-based typing. Eleven HLA-A, 26 HLA-B, 16 HLA-DRB1 and 14 HLA-DQB1 alleles were detected, including a new allele, HLA-B*3589 in the Jehai. Highly frequent alleles were A*2407, B*1513, B*1801, DRB1*0901, DRB1*1202, DRB1*1502, DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0502. Principal component analysis based on high-resolution HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allele frequencies showed close affinities among all four groups, including the Negritos, with other Southeast Asian populations. These results showed the scope of HLA diversity in these indigenous minority groups and may prove beneficial for future disease association, anthropological and forensic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics*; HLA Antigens/genetics; HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics; HLA-A Antigens/genetics; HLA-B Antigens/genetics; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics*
  12. HLA polymorphism in three indigenous populations of Sabah and Sarawak
    Dhaliwal JS, Shahnaz M, Azrena A, Irda YA, Salawati M, Too CL, et al.
    Tissue Antigens, 2010 Feb;75(2):166-9.
    PMID: 20196825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01410.x
    One hundred and fifty-eight Kadazan, Iban and Bidayuh individuals registered with the Malaysian Marrow Donor Registry were typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR. Six, seven and eight HLA-A alleles as well as 13, 15 and 16 HLA-B alleles were detected in the Kadazan, Bidayuh and Iban, respectively. The most common HLA-A allele in all three groups was HLA-A*24 with a frequency of 0.456, 0.490 and 0.422 in the Kadazan, Bidayuh and Iban, respectively. The most common HLA-B allele detected in the Kadazan was HLA-B*40 with a frequency of 0.333; for the Bidayuh and the Iban it was HLA-B*15 with a frequency of 0.460 and 0.275, respectively. The HLA-DR allele with the highest frequency in the Kadazan was HLA-DR*1502 with a frequency of 0.500. In the Iban and the Bidayuh, HLA-DRB1*1202 was the most common DR allele with frequencies of 0.235 and 0.310, respectively. The two most common haplotypes for the Kadazan are A*34-B*38-DR*1502 and A*24-B*40-DR*0405, whereas for the Bidayuh they are A*24-B*15-DR*1602 and A*24-B*35-DR*1202 and for the Iban they are A*34-*B15-DR*1502 and A*24-B*15-DR*1202.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics*; HLA Antigens/genetics; HLA-DR Antigens; HLA-A Antigens/genetics; HLA-B Antigens; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics*
  13. HBeAG and anti-HBe in the Malaysian population and in Malaysian prisoners
    Ton SH, Lopez CG, Noriah R
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1983 Jun;14(2):252-4.
    PMID: 6635764
    The incidence of HBsAg in random blood donors was found to be twice that of the prisoner population. The anti-HBe however, was about twice that in the prisoners when compared with the random blood donors. Both the random blood donors and the prisoners had similar incidence of HBeAg. The percentage frequency of HBsAg positivity with anti-HBe positivity was also similar in both groups. The 18 normal non-blood donors did not have HBsAg, HBeAg or anti-HBe.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antigens/analysis*; Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis*; Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis
  14. Fulltext HLA-A and HLA-B antibodies of pregnant mothers in Malaysia
    Sukumaran KD, Joo OK
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Jun;45(2):144-7.
    PMID: 2152019
    The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and specificity of HLA-A and B antibodies in multiparous mothers in the Malaysian population. 1,100 maternal serum samples obtained during normal childbirth were screened against a panel of 100 lymphocytes with known HLA antigen types for HLA antibodies by the complement dependent lymphocyte microcytotoxicity dye exclusion test. From the total number of 1,100 samples of maternal serum that were screened for HLA antibodies only 205 specimens (18.6%) tested positive for antibodies. The percentage of maternal sera which contained HLA-B specificities (10.6%) were significantly higher than those which contained HLA-A specificities (3.0%). Sixty maternal serum samples (5.5%) had high enough titres to be utilised as tissue typing reagents. Thirty nine maternal serum samples (3.5%) contained monospecific HLA antibodies. In this study the most common monospecific HLA antibodies characterised included the following specificities: A2, B5, B17 and B40. Malaysian multiparous mothers of gravida 3, 4 and 5 had a higher frequency for producing HLA-antibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-A Antigens/immunology*; HLA-B Antigens/immunology*
  15. Multi-analyte validation in heterogeneous solution by ELISA
    Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Hashim U, Murugaiyah V
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Dec;105(Pt 1):796-800.
    PMID: 28732727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.115
    Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a standard assay that has been used widely to validate the presence of analyte in the solution. With the advancement of ELISA, different strategies have shown and became a suitable immunoassay for a wide range of analytes. Herein, we attempted to provide additional evidence with ELISA, to show its suitability for multi-analyte detection. To demonstrate, three clinically relevant targets have been chosen, which include 16kDa protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human blood clotting Factor IXa and a tumour marker Squamous Cell Carcinoma antigen. Indeed, we adapted the routine steps from the conventional ELISA to validate the occurrence of analytes both in homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions. With the homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions, we could attain the sensitivity of 2, 8 and 1nM for the targets 16kDa protein, FIXa and SSC antigen, respectively. Further, the specific multi-analyte validations were evidenced with the similar sensitivities in the presence of human serum. ELISA assay in this study has proven its applicability for the genuine multiple target validation in the heterogeneous solution, can be followed for other target validations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/analysis; Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
  16. Serological types of typhus virus and corresponding types of Proteus
    Felix A
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1933;27:147-172.
    DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(33)90005-X
    1. The Proteus strain XL, isolated by Dr. LIMA in the endemic area at Sao Paulo, represents the serological type of Proteus which corresponds to the local variety of typhus virus. 2. The Proteus strain "Muar", isolated in the Federated Malay States and described by MARTIN, antigenically corresponds to the virus of the local variety of tropical typhus (type XK). 3. The agglutinins for the two types OX19 and OX2, present in the serum from cases of "fie`vre boutonneuse" of the Mediterranean, are of the order of group agglutinins and are due to group antigens present in the virus. 4. It is suggested that the type of the main antigen of the virus of "fie`vre boutonneuse" will remain unknown until the corresponding type of Proteus has been isolated. 5. The relationship between the agglutinogenic and the immunogenic properties of different varieties of typhus virus is discussed. The established facts indicate that cross-immunity between typhus viruses is accompanied by identity of the serum reactions to Proteus X whereas failure to obtain cross-immunity coincides with dissimilarity in agglutination reactions. 6. The present knowledge of serological varieties of typhus, based on the occurrence in the patients' serum of main and group agglutinins for various types of Proteus X is presented in tabular form. It is suggested that serological methods, using various types of Proteus, are indispensable in the experimental study of the typhus group of viruses. 7. The technique of the agglutination reaction with Proteus X strains is discussed. The use of O variants and of the new Oxford standard suspension are recommended. 8. The isolation of Proteus X strains and the hypothesis of the transformation of Rickettsia into Proteus X are discussed and some technical details of the methods of cultivation are described. c 1933.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens
  17. Studies of blood groups in South-East Asia
    Polunin I, Sneah PHA
    Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1953;83:215-251.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens
  18. Renal Transplant Outcomes in Spousal and Living-Related Donors in Malaysia
    Guad RM, Ng KP, Lim SK, Hirayama K, Eng HS, Wan Md Adnan WAH
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2019 Dec;48(12):403-411.
    PMID: 32112065
    INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that a compatible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match can confer a favourable effect on graft outcomes. We examined the outcomes of HLA matching in renal transplant donors in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 140 patients who had compatible ABO blood type with negative T-cell lymphocytotoxicity crossmatch were included in the study and 25% of them were spousal transplant donors. No remarkable differences in acute rejection rate, graft survival, patient survival and serum creatinine level were observed between the spousal and living-related donor groups.

    RESULTS: The spousal donor group had a higher degree of HLA mismatch than the living-related donor group. HLA-A mismatch was associated with increased rejection risk at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 2.75; P = 0.04), 1 year (OR, 2.54; P = 0.03) and 3 years (OR, 3.69; P = 0.001). It was also observed in the deleterious effects of HLA-B and HLA-DQ loci when the number of antigen mismatches increased. The risk was 7 times higher in patients with ≥1 mismatch at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR loci than those who did not have a mismatch at these loci at 6 months (P = 0.01), 1 year (P = 0.03) and 3 years (P = 0.003).

    CONCLUSION: A good match for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ can prevent acute rejection risk in renal transplant patients. Consequently, spousal donor transplants could be a safe intervention in renal patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-DQ Antigens; HLA-DR Antigens; HLA-A Antigens; HLA-B Antigens
  19. Comparison between dual and tri-colour reagents for the analysis of lymphocyte subsets
    Dhaliwal JS, Quek CK, Balasubramaniam T, Nasuruddin BA
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1996 Dec;14(2):87-90.
    PMID: 9177821
    The aim of this project was to compare dual and tri-colour reagents for lymphocyte immunophenotyping. A total of 37 patient and normal specimens were immunophenotyped concurrently with the following mean values (% dual vs tri-colour): CD3 (69.4 vs 68.3) CD4 (24.0 vs 24.2) and CD19 (13.9 vs 12.6). A comparison of the results obtained using the paired t test showed that there were no significant differences for cells expressing CD3, CD4 and CD19. However, there was a significant difference in the NK (18.3 vs 16.3) cell component. A major advantage in using 3 colour immunophenotyping is the ability to analyse specimens that cannot be analysed using dual colour reagents due to debris or contamination of the gate with non-lymphocytic cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-DR Antigens/analysis; Antigens, CD4/analysis; Antigens, CD3/analysis; Antigens, CD19/analysis
  20. Cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*15:02 screening in Malaysia
    Plumpton C, Hughes D
    Br J Dermatol, 2017 10;177(4):904-905.
    PMID: 29052888 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15832
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-B Antigens*
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