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  1. Alhelou Y, Hamdan M, Razali N, Adenan N, Ali J
    BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023 Sep 28;23(1):698.
    PMID: 37770819 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06025-2
    BACKGROUND: Previous studies looked into the connections between pregnancy and the Zona Pellucida (ZP) thickness and Zona Pellucida Thickness Variation (ZPTV), as well as the embryo's radius, circumference, perimeter and global symmetry. However, no research has linked embryo implantation and pregnancy to the percentage of ZP thinning, the reduction in ooplasm volume, and the increase in perivitelline space (PVS) volume. Our objective is to correlate the percentage of ZP thinning, the percentage of ooplasm volume shrinkage and the percentage of PVS increase to the implantation. These data will be used for embryo selection as well as it can be put into a software that will assist embryo selection.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study included 281 patients, all of them had 2 embryos transferred, 149 patients got pregnant with two gestation sacs and 132 patients did not get pregnant. All of the transferred embryos had the ZP thickness measured several times from time of ICSI till Embryo Transfer (ET), the ooplasm volume was calculated from time of ICSI till two Pronuclei (2PN) fading and the PVS was calculated from the ICSI time till the 2PN fading.

    RESULTS: The first characteristic is the change in the average ZP thickness that decreased by 32.7% + 5.3% at 70 h for the implanted embryos (Group 1) versus 23.6% + 4.8% for non-implanted embryos (Group 2) p = 0.000. The second characteristic is the average reduction in the volume of the ooplasm which is 20.5% + 4.3% in Group 1 versus 15.1% + 5.2% in Group 2, p = 0.000. The third characteristic is the increase in the volume of the PVS which was 38.1% + 7.6% in Group 1 versus 31.6% + 9.7% in Group 2 p = 0.000.

    CONCLUSION: The implanted embryos showed higher percent of ZP thinning, higher percent of ooplasm reduction and higher percent of PVS increase.

    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer/methods
  2. Chin AHB, Nguma JB, Ahmad MF
    J Assist Reprod Genet, 2024 Jul;41(7):1727-1731.
    PMID: 38695986 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03125-6
    Germline genome editing of IVF embryos is controversial because it is not directly health or lifesaving but is intended to prevent genetic diseases in yet-unborn future offspring. The following criteria are thus proposed for future clinical trials: (i) Due to medical risks, there should be cautious and judicious application while avoiding any non-essential usage, with rigorous patient counseling. (ii) Genome editing should only be performed on the entire batch of IVF embryos without initial PGT screening if all of them are expected to be affected by genetic disease. (iii) When there is a fair chance that some IVF embryos will not be affected by genetic diseases, initial PGT screening must be performed to identify unaffected embryos for transfer. (iv) IVF embryos with carrier status should not undergo germline genome editing. (v) If patients fail to conceive after the transfer of unaffected embryos, they should undergo another fresh IVF cycle rather than opt for genome editing of their remaining affected embryos. (vi) Only if the patient is unable to produce any more unaffected embryos in a fresh IVF cycle due to advanced maternal age or diminished ovarian reserves, can the genome editing of remaining affected embryos be permitted as a last resort.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer/methods
  3. Omar Farouk FN, Stott D, Vlad M
    Anim Sci J, 2011 Jun;82(3):420-7.
    PMID: 21615835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00869.x
    This study was conducted to examine the potential for implantation and sustainable fetal development of mouse embryos cultured from the pronuclear to blastocyst stage. Pronuclear embryos from ICR mice (Harlan Sprague-Dawley) were cultured in Sydney IVF sequential media (Cook) to the blastocyst stage in medium only or co-cultured with autologous cumulus cells. We also experimented with co-culture in 100 µL drops. Drop co-culture produced blastocyst formation rates with a mean of 47.0%, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in identical culture conditions except without cumulus cells at 27.3%. Blastocysts obtained in vitro in Cook medium only and co-cultured in Cook medium with cumulus cells were transferred to pseudopregnant females of ICR strain. The day of blastocyst transfer into surrogate females was designated as post-transfer of blastocyst day 1 (PT 1). The implantation and fetal development was compared to embryo transfer of in vivo derived blastocysts, which served as controls. There were no statistical differences for implantation and fetal development rates for blastocysts cultured in vitro in either Cook medium only or co-culture in Cook medium with cumulus cells compared to in vivo-derived blastocysts. The advantage of the co-culture system is in generating more blastocysts available for transfer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer/methods*
  4. Moreno I, Garcia-Grau I, Perez-Villaroya D, Gonzalez-Monfort M, Bahçeci M, Barrionuevo MJ, et al.
    Microbiome, 2022 Jan 04;10(1):1.
    PMID: 34980280 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01184-w
    BACKGROUND: Previous evidence indicates associations between the female reproductive tract microbiome composition and reproductive outcome in infertile patients undergoing assisted reproduction. We aimed to determine whether the endometrial microbiota composition is associated with reproductive outcomes of live birth, biochemical pregnancy, clinical miscarriage or no pregnancy.

    METHODS: Here, we present a multicentre prospective observational study using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyse endometrial fluid and biopsy samples before embryo transfer in a cohort of 342 infertile patients asymptomatic for infection undergoing assisted reproductive treatments.

    RESULTS: A dysbiotic endometrial microbiota profile composed of Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus was associated with unsuccessful outcomes. In contrast, Lactobacillus was consistently enriched in patients with live birth outcomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that endometrial microbiota composition before embryo transfer is a useful biomarker to predict reproductive outcome, offering an opportunity to further improve diagnosis and treatment strategies. Video Abstract.

    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer
  5. Takahashi Y, Nihayah M, Jainudeen MR, Hishinuma M, Kanai Y, Mori Y, et al.
    J Vet Med Sci, 1992 Aug;54(4):799-801.
    PMID: 1391198
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer/veterinary
  6. Wang T, Sun Z, Lim JP, Yu Y
    Libyan J Med, 2019 Dec;14(1):1597327.
    PMID: 30935302 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2019.1597327
    Many undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures treatments have been tried for older infertile patients, but still can not reverse the aging effect on oocyte, and infertility treatment is expensive, even for people in developed countries. The study aimed to compare outcomes following the application of luteal phase ovulation induction (LPOI) and ultra-short gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) protocols in patients aged more than 40 years undergoing IVF-ET and to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of LPOI. A total of 266 IVF-ET cycles in 155 patients aged 40 years and over were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 105 underwent the ultra-short GnRH-a protocol (GnRH-a group) and 50 underwent LPOI (LPOI group). Various clinical outcomes were compared between these two groups using either t-tests or the chi-square test. The study showed patients in the LPOI group required a higher dosage of human menopausal gonadotropin and a lower dosage of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone than those in the GnRH-a group. Furthermore, though the total dosage of gonadotropin was higher in the LPOI, its cost was lower. Finally, fertilization rates were higher and high-quality embryo rates were lower in the LPOI group, and the live birth rate of LPOI group is higher than (GnRH-a group) . These between-group differences were all significant (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer/methods*
  7. Rahman MR, Rahman MM, Wan Khadijah WE, Abdullah RB
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2014 Sep;27(9):1270-4.
    PMID: 25178370 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13786
    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) dosage based on body weight (BW) on ovarian responses of crossbred does. Thirty donor does were divided into 3 groups getting pFSH dosages of 3, 5, and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW, respectively, and were named as pFSH-3, pFSH-5 and pFSH-8, respectively. Estrus was synchronized by inserting a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device and a single injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). The pFSH treatments were administered twice a day through 6 decreasing dosages (25, 25, 15, 15, 10, and 10% of total pFSH amount; decreasing daily). Ovarian responses were evaluated on Day 7 after CIDR removal. After CIDR removal, estrus was observed 3 times in a day and pFSH treatments were initiated at 2 days before the CIDR removal. All does in pFSH-5 and pFSH-8 showed estrus signs while half of the does in pFSH-3 showed estrus signs. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on the corpus luteum and total ovarian stimulation among the treatment groups, while total and transferable embryos were higher (p<0.05) in pFSH-5 (7.00 and 6.71) than pFSH-3 (3.00 and 2.80) and pFSH-8 (2.00 and 1.50), respectively. In conclusion, 5 mg pFSH per kg BW dosage gave a higher number of embryos than 3 and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW dosages. The results indicated that the dosage of pFSH based on BW is an important consideration for superovulation in goats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer
  8. Ahmad Murad, Z., Roszaman, R., Azantee, Y.W., Hayati, M.Y., Norsina, M.A., Siti, K.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: To analyze the ART outcome and factors associated with successful ART treatment for infertile couples in a newly set up medical university IVF centre. Methods: A six-month cohort study of patients undergoing their first assisted reproductive technique cycle was conducted at IIUM fertility centre, Kuantan (from 15th June until 31st Dec 2009). Outcome measures include clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, take home baby rate and complications rate. Results: Fifty-five first cycles of IVF/ICSI were studied. Mean embryo per transfer was 2.1±0.8. Four patients were pregnant (23.5%) from a single embryo transfer (SET). Clinical pregnancy rate was 30.9% (17/55). Ongoing pregnancy rate was 23.6% (13/55) and take home baby rate was 21.8% (12/55). There was only one twin pregnancy. Nine patients (16.4%) had OHSS whereby 77.8% were mild and 22.2% were moderate. Conclusion: Take home baby rate at the IIUM fertility centre is comparable to most established ART centres in Malaysia considering that this is only the first year of operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Single Embryo Transfer
  9. Agha-Rahimi A, Omidi M, Akyash F, Faramarzi A, Farshchi FA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Mar;26(2):52-58.
    PMID: 31447608 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.2.6
    Background: Vitrification is a routine procedure in assisted reproductive technique (ART) lab. However, there is widespread variability between protocols of different centres. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates between one-day embryo culture and immediate transfer for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

    Methods: In this cohort retrospective study, 366 FET cycles were divided into two groups: Group A, the embryos were warmed one day before transfer, and were cultured overnight; Group B, the embryos were warmed on the same day of transfer, at least were cultured 1 h before embryo transfer (ET). Chemical and clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were compared between two groups.

    Results: The chemical pregnancy was higher in group A than B (37.9% versus 28.9%), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.07). Clinical pregnancy (30.8% versus 24.1%) and live birth (19.8% versus 22.05%) were similar in group A and B, (P = 0.15), and (P = 0.8). Conclusion: In conclusion, overnight culture and confirmation of mitosis resumption was not essential for FET cycles in vitrification method.

    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer
  10. Keane KN, Mustafa KB, Hinchliffe P, Conceicao J, Yovich JL
    Reprod Biomed Online, 2016 Aug;33(2):149-60.
    PMID: 27209497 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.04.014
    To examine the effect of cryopreservation on developmental potential of human embryos, this study compared quantitative β-HCG concentrations at pregnancy test after IVF-fresh embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with those arising after frozen embryo transfer (FET). It also tracked outcomes of singleton pregnancies resulting from single-embryo transfers that resulted in singleton live births (n = 869; with 417 derived from IVF-ET and 452 from FET). The initial serum β-HCG concentration indicating successful implantation was measured along with the birthweight of the ensuing infants. With testing at equivalent luteal phase lengths, the median pregnancy test β-HCG was significantly higher following FET compared with fresh IVF-ET (844.5 IU/l versus 369 IU/l; P < 0.001). Despite no significant difference in the average period of gestation (38 weeks 5 days for both groups), the mean birthweight of infants born following FET was significantly heavier by 161 g (3370 g versus 3209 g; P < 0.001). Furthermore, more infants exceeded 4000 g (P < 0.001) for FET although there was no significant difference for the macrosomic category (≥4500 g). We concluded that FET programme embryos lead to infants with equivalent (if not better) developmental potential compared with IVF-ET, demonstrated by higher pregnancy β-HCG concentrations and ensuing birthweights.
    Matched MeSH terms: Single Embryo Transfer*
  11. Mustafa KB, Keane KN, Walz NL, Mitrovic KI, Hinchliffe PM, Yovich JL
    Reprod Biol, 2017 Mar;17(1):34-41.
    PMID: 27964842 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.11.004
    This seven-year retrospective study analysed the live birth rate (LBR) for women undergoing IVF treatment with various antral follicle counts (AFC). The LBR decreased with lower AFC ratings, and in 290 treatment cycles for women in the poorest AFC category, ≤4 follicles (group E), the LBR was the lowest at 10.7%. The pregnancy loss rate (PLR) significantly increased with poorer AFC categories, from 21.8% in AFC group A (≥20 follicles), to 54.4% in AFC group E (p<0.0001). This trend was repeated with advancing age, from 21.6% for younger women (<35years), to 32.9, 48.5 and 100% for ages 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively (p<0.0001). However, LBR within the specific AFC group E cohort was also age-dependent and decreased significantly from 30.0% for <35 years old, to 13.3, 3.9 and 0% for patients aged 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively. Most, importantly, LBR rates within these age groups were not dependent on the number of IVF attempts (1st, 2nd, 3rd or ≥4 cycles), which indicated that cycle number should not be the primary deciding factor for cessation of IVF treatment in responding women <45years old.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer*
  12. Elyasi Gorji Z, Amiri-Yekta A, Gourabi H, Hassani S, Fatemi N, Zerehdaran S, et al.
    Iran J Biotechnol, 2015 Jun;13(2):10-17.
    PMID: 28959285 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1004
    BACKGROUND: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an essential role in reproductive physiology and follicular development.

    OBJECTIVE: A new variant of the equine fsh (efsh) gene was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) GS115 yeast expression system.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The full-length cDNAs of the efshα and efshβ chains were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the total RNA isolated from an Iranian Turkmen-thoroughbred horse's anterior pituitary gland. The amplified efsh chains were cloned into the pPIC9 vector and transferred into P. pastoris. The secretion of recombined eFSH using P. pastoris expression system was confirmed by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation (IP) methods.

    RESULTS: The DNA sequence of the efshβ chain accession number JX861871, predicted two putative differential nucleotide arrays, both of which are located in the 3'UTR. Western blotting showed a molecular mass of 13 and 18 kDa for eFSHα and eFSHβ subunits, respectively. The expression of desired protein was confirmed by protein G immunoprecipitation kit.

    CONCLUSIONS: eFSH successfully expressed in P. pastoris. These findings lay a foundation to improve ovulation and embryo recovery rates as well as the efficiency of total embryo-transfer process in mares.

    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer
  13. Alhelou Y, Mat Adenan NA, Ali J
    Reprod Biol, 2018 Mar;18(1):40-45.
    PMID: 29279181 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.12.003
    A parallel group superiority prospective randomised controlled trial was devised to compare the culture characteristics of human pre-implantation stage embryos during uninterrupted culture in a time lapse incubator (TLI) versus the conventional model of interrupted culture in a standard incubator (SI) under low oxygen tension using a single step medium. 221 patients aged 35-and-under, 124 patients aged between 36 and 39 and 86 patients aged 40-and-over years were randomised and cultured either in a SI or in a TLI. Patients in the three age groups were distributed between the TLI and SI in a 1:1 ratio. The development of embryos on days 2, 3 and 5, and the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were recorded. The fertilisation rate, development of day 2 and clinical pregnancy rates were similar in both treatments but the 8-cell development rate in all age groups combined (p = 0.016), blastocyst development rate (p = 0.0022) and the implantation rate (p = 0.0022) was significantly higher for the uninterrupted culture. These findings demonstrated significant differences between the two incubation groups. It also indicated less efficacious embryonic development with age in both treatments which appeared more pronounced in the conventional incubator. In conclusion uninterrupted culture is superior compared to the interrupted incubation culture system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer
  14. Abdul Karim AK, Azrai Abu M, Chelliah B, Mohd Razi ZR, Omar MH, Othman H, et al.
    Minerva Ginecol, 2017 Oct;69(5):431-437.
    PMID: 28447444 DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04069-2
    BACKGROUND: We conducted a study to evaluate the changes in thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its association with the outcome of assisted reproductive technique (ART).

    METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study done in University Hospital Fertility Clinic for one year duration. A total of 88 euthyroid women who underwent COH as part of planned in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were invited to participate in this study. Serum thyroid function of each women will be monitored before stimulation (T1), day 10-13 of cycle (T2), during oocyte retrieval (T3), one week following embryo transfer (T4), and at four weeks after embryo transfer (T5). Reproductive outcome of IVF will be observed and documented.

    RESULTS: Nine women had ongoing singleton pregnancy, seven suffered from miscarriage, while the rest had implantation failure. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) increased throughout stimulation, peaking at 32-36 hours after hCG administration compared to baseline (1.250 vs. 1.740 mIU/L and 13.94 vs. 15.25 pmol/L). It remains elevated until one week following embryo transfer. The increment of serum TSH exceeded the upper limit, acceptable for first trimester (<1.60 mIU/L). However, the evolution of serum TSH and fT4 did not significantly differ with pregnancy outcome.

    CONCLUSIONS: In euthyroid women, thyroid function changed significantly during COH, but these changes were not different between the three reproductive outcomes. Thus, we do not suggest continuous thyroid function monitoring during COH.

    Matched MeSH terms: Embryo Transfer
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