Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 36 in total

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  1. Meningitis due to atypical Mycobacteria
    CHAN KE, PATHMANATHAN T
    Med J Malaya, 1961 Mar;15:113-6.
    PMID: 13878004
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections*
  2. Fulltext Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Mycobacterium abscessus M156, an Emerging Clinical Pathogen in Malaysia
    Choo SW, Wong YL, Beh CY, Lokanathan N, Leong ML, Ong CS, et al.
    Genome Announc, 2013 Jan;1(1).
    PMID: 23405341 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00063-12
    Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging clinical pathogen commonly associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. We report herein the draft genome of M. abscessus strain M156.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
  3. Fulltext Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management
    Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2020 May;39(5):799-826.
    PMID: 31853742 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0
    Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology*; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/prevention & control
  4. Mycobacterium brisbanense species nova isolated from a patient with chronic cavitary lung infection
    Poh ME, Liam CK, Ng KP, Tan R
    Chest, 2014 Apr;145(4):858-860.
    PMID: 24687707 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1952
    We describe the first case, to our knowledge, of Mycobacterium brisbanense species nova with the type strain W6743T (=ATCC 49938T=DSM 44680T) isolated from the lungs of a man with a 6-month history of productive cough and intermittent fever presenting with acute hypoglycemia. A CT scan of the thorax revealed multiple small nodules and consolidation over both lungs with cavitation. Sputum culture repeatedly grew M brisbanense species nova, a novel species never before isolated in Malaysia. The case met the American Thoracic Society criteria for the diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. There was dramatic clinical and radiologic response to treatment with an empirical combination of rifampicin, ethambutol, and levofloxacin and subsequently clarithromycin and levofloxacin once sensitivity was known. This report is the first, to our knowledge, of the pathogen isolated in a patient with chronic cavitary lung infection since it was first identified from an antral sinus in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and the first time it is isolated from a human subject in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology*
  5. Toll-like receptors and cytokines in immune responses to persistent mycobacterial and Salmonella infections
    Balaram P, Kien PK, Ismail A
    Int J Med Microbiol, 2009 Mar;299(3):177-85.
    PMID: 18845475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.08.004
    Bacterial persistence is of major concern worldwide in the control of a number of bacterial infections. The carriers who are asymptomatic act as reservoirs of the bacteria. Knowledge of the host response, of the persistence process, and of the potential of biological mediators as diagnostic markers is essential towards development of prophylactic and treatment modalities for these diseases. Immune mechanisms related to recognition and elimination of the bacteria play pivotal roles in the control of bacterial infections. The majority of the studies on bacterial infections detail the immune mechanisms in the active phase of infection, and reports on the immune status in carriers are scanty. The present review describes the role of recognition molecules (TLRs) and the immune mediators (cytokines) in bacterial persistence. It appears that the TLR-mediated induction of cytokine profiles differs in active infection and bacterial persistence, with an active Th1 response being beneficial for the clearance of a high load of bacteria and at the same time conducive for the persistence of low bacterial load. Immunomodulation aiming at stimulation of the immune responses should be carried out with care as it could give rise to a carrier state in individuals with low load of the bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections/immunology*
  6. Fulltext Isolation of atypical mycobacteria from clinical material in Malaysia
    Khor SY, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):158-60.
    PMID: 6621448
    During the period 1979-1982, 70 strains of atypical mycobacteria isolated from clinical material were identified as belonging to species or species complex. Twenty-eight out of 61 strains isolated from pulmonary specimens were identified as M. avium-intracellulare. This frequency of association of M. avium-intracellulare with sputa of patients with pulmonary symptoms points to its potential importance and the need for further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology
  7. Fulltext First report of cervicofacial lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in an immunocompromised adult patient
    Atiya N, Sulaiman H, Chong J, Ng KP
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2015 Mar;9(3):313-6.
    PMID: 25771471 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.5208
    We report the first case of an immunocompromised adult patient presenting with cervicofacial lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum, confirmed using hsp65 gene sequencing and line-probe assays. In resource-limited settings, especially in developing countries, appropriate culture methods and rapid molecular diagnostic tools such as hsp65 gene sequencing for identification of this organism may not be readily available. This may cause M. haemophilum infections to go unrecognised or lead to delays in diagnosis. Lack of heightened awareness about the potential for this mycobacterial species to cause infections may also contribute to possible underestimation of M. haemophilum cases in the developing world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis*; Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology*; Mycobacterium Infections/pathology
  8. Mycobacterium abscessus Gastric Band Infection Complicated by Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Cured in the Context of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
    An N, Purtill D, Boan P
    Open Forum Infect Dis, 2021 Feb;8(2):ofaa637.
    PMID: 33553476 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa637
    We present a case of abdominal gastric band-associated Mycobacterium abscessus infection, manifesting after the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and cured while receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. IRIS should be considered in less classical situations where there is unexplained clinical deterioration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
  9. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Mycobacterium isolates from fighting fish Betta spp. in Malaysia
    Najiah M, Lee KL, Noorasikin H, Nadirah M, Lee SW
    Res Vet Sci, 2011 Dec;91(3):342-5.
    PMID: 20971487 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.09.010
    Mycobacteriosis due to mycobacteria is one of the most common bacterial diseases in ornamental fish. We describe here the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Mycobacterium isolates from fighting fish Betta spp. using ATCC Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae as references. A total of four isolates (M1, M2, M3, M4) were obtained from four out of 106 fish samples using selective agar, and identified to Mycobacterium genus using acid-fast staining and 16s rRNA gene-based genus specific polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequencing and NCBI-BLAST analysis further identified isolate M1 as M. marinum and isolates M2, M3, M4 as M. fortuitum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were carried out for phenotypic characterizations. Universal M13 and wild-type phage M13 RAPD dendogram was generated to illustrate the genetic relationship of the isolates and reference strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/veterinary*
  10. Fulltext Lady Windermere syndrome: an inappropriate eponym for an increasingly important condition
    Kasthoori JJ, Liam CK, Wastie ML
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Feb;49(2):e47-9.
    PMID: 18301826
    Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (NMI) occurs in elderly women with no pre-existing lung disease, and this has been termed the Lady Windermere syndrome. NMIs are increasing in prevalence and an increasing number of pulmonary mycobacterial infections is due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The diagnosis is often difficult because the organism is not readily isolated or cultured, and the condition may not be considered by the radiologist. We report NMI in a 64-year-old woman, based on clinical and radiological findings. Although termed the Lady Windermere syndrome, the name does not correspond to the character in Oscar Wilde's play; hence the eponym is not widely used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology*; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/radiography
  11. Fulltext Concurrent mycobacterial infection and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the same site in an AIDS patient
    Kenali MS, Fadzilah I, Maizaton AA, Sani A
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):108-11.
    PMID: 15535345
    A 31 years old Chinese male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with concurrent mycobacterial infection and a synchronous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nose. The diagnoses were made over a period of two months. Treatment for the mycobacterial infection was administered but he succumbed to the disease shortly after the diagnosis of NHL was established. This was an unusual case where two pathologies occurred in the same site in a patient with AIDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections/complications*; Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis
  12. A Comparative Genomics Approach for Shortlisting Broad-Spectrum Drug Targets in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
    Swain A, Gnanasekar P, Prava J, Rajeev AC, Kesarwani P, Lahiri C, et al.
    Microb Drug Resist, 2021 Feb;27(2):212-226.
    PMID: 32936741 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0161
    Many members of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens causing several infections in animals. The incidence of NTM infections and emergence of drug-resistant NTM strains are rising worldwide, emphasizing the need to develop novel anti-NTM drugs. The present study is aimed to identify broad-spectrum drug targets in NTM using a comparative genomics approach. The study identified 537 core proteins in NTM of which 45 were pathogen specific and essential for the survival of pathogens. Furthermore, druggability analysis indicated that 15 were druggable among those 45 proteins. These 15 proteins, which were core proteins, pathogen-specific, essential, and druggable, were considered as potential broad-spectrum candidates. Based on their locations in cytoplasm and membrane, targets were classified as drug and vaccine targets. The identified 15 targets were different enzymes, carrier proteins, transcriptional regulator, two-component system protein, ribosomal, and binding proteins. The identified targets could further be utilized by researchers to design inhibitors for the discovery of antimicrobial agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy*; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
  13. Fulltext Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals a Possible Novel Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Species with High Pathogenic Potential
    Choo SW, Dutta A, Wong GJ, Wee WY, Ang MY, Siow CC
    PLoS One, 2016;11(4):e0150413.
    PMID: 27035710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150413
    Mycobacteria have been reported to cause a wide range of human diseases. We present the first whole-genome study of a Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium sp. UM_CSW (referred to hereafter as UM_CSW), isolated from a patient diagnosed with bronchiectasis. Our data suggest that this clinical isolate is likely a novel mycobacterial species, supported by clear evidence from molecular phylogenetic, comparative genomic, ANI and AAI analyses. UM_CSW is closely related to the Mycobacterium avium complex. While it has characteristic features of an environmental bacterium, it also shows a high pathogenic potential with the presence of a wide variety of putative genes related to bacterial virulence and shares very similar pathogenomic profiles with the known pathogenic mycobacterial species. Thus, we conclude that this possible novel Mycobacterium species should be tightly monitored for its possible causative role in human infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology*
  14. Fulltext A rapid and sensitive system for recovery of nucleic acids from Mycobacteria sp. on archived glass slides
    A Talip B, Snelling WJ, Sleator RD, Lowery C, Dooley JSG
    BMC Microbiol, 2018 11 26;18(1):196.
    PMID: 30477427 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1335-0
    BACKGROUND: The field of diagnostics continues to advance rapidly with a variety of novel approaches, mainly dependent upon high technology platforms. Nonetheless much diagnosis, particularly in developing countries, still relies upon traditional methods such as microscopy. Biological material, particularly nucleic acids, on archived glass slides is a potential source of useful information both for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. There are significant challenges faced when examining archived samples in order that an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA can be obtained. Herein, we describe a model system to detect low numbers of bacterial cells isolated from glass slides using (laser capture microscopy) LCM coupled with PCR amplification of a suitable target.

    RESULTS: Mycobacterium smegmatis was used as a model organism to provide a proof of principle for a method to recover bacteria from a stained sample on a glass slide using a laser capture system. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained cells were excised and catapulted into tubes. Recovered cells were subjected to DNA extraction and pre-amplified with multiple displacement amplification (MDA). This system allowed a minimum of 30 catapulted cells to be detected following a nested real-time PCR assay, using rpoB specific primers. The combination of MDA and nested real-time PCR resulted in a 30-fold increase in sensitivity for the detection of low numbers of cells isolated using LCM.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of LCM coupled with MDA as a tool to improve the recovery of amplifiable nucleic acids from archived glass slides. The inclusion of the MDA step was essential to enable downstream amplification. This platform should be broadly applicable to a variety of diagnostic applications and we have used it as a proof of principle with a Mycobacterium sp. model system.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
  15. Non-tuberculous mycobacterium bacteraemia in a pregnant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient: a case review and pooled case analysis
    Shaharir SS, Sulaiman Sahari N, Mohamed Fuad Z, Zukiman WZHW, Mohd Yusof NH, Sulong A, et al.
    Clin Rheumatol, 2018 Mar;37(3):837-847.
    PMID: 28971307 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3855-7
    Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are recognized as an important cause of human diseases and infections. It is commonly known to cause infections of the skin, soft tissue infections, and pulmonary infection as well as bacteraemia. We report a challenging case of severe mycobacterium abscessus bacteraemia in a pregnant lady with active systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). A comprehensive literature review of NTM infection among SLE patients was also performed, and pooled analysis of the reported cases, including our case, was done to determine the clinical characteristics and factors associated with poor outcome of NTM infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/complications*; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy
  16. Fulltext Inherited IL-12p40 deficiency: genetic, immunologic, and clinical features of 49 patients from 30 kindreds
    Prando C, Samarina A, Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Cobat A, Picard C, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2013 Mar;92(2):109-122.
    PMID: 23429356 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e31828a01f9
    Autosomal recessive interleukin (IL)-12 p40 (IL-12p40) deficiency is a rare genetic etiology of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD). We report the genetic, immunologic, and clinical features of 49 patients from 30 kindreds originating from 5 countries (India, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia). There are only 9 different mutant alleles of the IL12B gene: 2 small insertions, 3 small deletions, 2 splice site mutations, and 1 large deletion, each causing a frameshift and leading to a premature stop codon, and 1 nonsense mutation. Four of these 9 variants are recurrent, affecting 25 of the 30 reported kindreds, due to founder effects in specific countries. All patients are homozygous and display complete IL-12p40 deficiency. As a result, the patients lack detectable IL-12p70 and IL-12p40 and have low levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The clinical features are characterized by childhood onset of bacille Calmette-Guérin (attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain) (BCG) and Salmonella infections, with recurrences of salmonellosis (36.4%) more common than recurrences of mycobacterial disease (25%). BCG vaccination led to BCG disease in 40 of the 41 patients vaccinated (97.5%). Multiple mycobacterial infections were rare, observed in only 3 patients, whereas the association of salmonellosis and mycobacteriosis was observed in 9 patients. A few other infections were diagnosed, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (n = 3), nocardiosis (n = 2), and klebsiellosis (n = 1). IL-12p40 deficiency has a high but incomplete clinical penetrance, with 33.3% of genetically affected relatives of index cases showing no symptoms. However, the prognosis is poor, with mortality rates of up to 28.6%. Overall, the clinical phenotype of IL-12p40 deficiency closely resembles that of interleukin 12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) deficiency. In conclusion, IL-12p40 deficiency is more common than initially thought and should be considered worldwide in patients with MSMD and other intramacrophagic infectious diseases, salmonellosis in particular.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/genetics*; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/immunology; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/mortality
  17. Fulltext MabsBase: a Mycobacterium abscessus genome and annotation database
    Heydari H, Wee WY, Lokanathan N, Hari R, Mohamed Yusoff A, Beh CY, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(4):e62443.
    PMID: 23658631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062443
    Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterial species that has been associated with a wide spectrum of human infections. As the classification and biology of this organism is still not well understood, comparative genomic analysis on members of this species may provide further insights on their taxonomy, phylogeny, pathogenicity and other information that may contribute to better management of infections. The MabsBase described in this paper is a user-friendly database providing access to whole-genome sequences of newly discovered M. abscessus strains as well as resources for whole-genome annotations and computational predictions, to support the expanding scientific community interested in M. abscessus research. The MabsBase is freely available at http://mabscessus.um.edu.my.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
  18. An immunodiffusion analysis of strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans isolated in Australia, Malaya, Mexico, Uganda and Zaire
    Stanford JL
    J Med Microbiol, 1973 Aug;6(3):405-8.
    PMID: 4199273
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections/immunology
  19. Sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B and histoplasmin in the population of Sabah in East Malaysia
    Roy RN
    Med J Aust, 1971 Feb 06;1(6):317-21.
    PMID: 5546216
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis
  20. Fulltext Molecular typing of Mycobacterium abscessus based on tandem-repeat polymorphism
    Wong YL, Ong CS, Ngeow YF
    J Clin Microbiol, 2012 Sep;50(9):3084-8.
    PMID: 22760048 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00753-12
    A variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing assay for the differentiation of Mycobacterium abscessus strains was developed. This assay showed complete reproducibility, locus stability, and a discriminatory power (Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index [HGDI] of 0.9563) that is superior to that of multilocus sequencing. It is a promising tool for the investigation of Mycobacterium abscessus epidemiology and nosocomial outbreaks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
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