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Photodynamic application of protoporphyrin IX as a photosensitizer encapsulated by silica nanoparticles

Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2018;46(sup3):S1043-S1046.
PMID: 30449196 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1528982

BACKGROUND: Achieved Silica Nanoparticles (SiNPs) to encapsulate the photosensitizer [Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)] in photodynamic therapy (PDT) application was reported in this research.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity for five different concentrations of encapsulated and naked PpIX was measured. Optimum concentration and optimum exposure time of encapsulated and naked PpIX that needed to destroy the cells (Osteosarcoma cells) was measured.
RESULTS: The results showed that the encapsulated PpIX has more efficacy compared to the naked PpIX and the applicability of the encapsulated PpIX-SiNPs was proved on osteosarcoma cells.
CONCLUSION: The results established the important in-vitro photodynamic effectiveness of PpIX-SiNP, which may open a new application for PpIX in its clinical and in-vitro studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism
Fulltext Evaluation of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) Expression in Osteosarcoma and Its Association with the Clinicopathological Data

Chua HH, Tuan Sharif SE, Wan Ismail WFN, Zawawi MSF, Abdullah S

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Mar 01;22(3):741-747.
PMID: 33773537 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.741

BACKGROUND: The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is one of the key regulators of bone remodelling in bone oncology, including osteosarcoma. We assessed RANKL immunohistochemical expression in osteosarcoma, its association, and disease-free survival with the patients' clinicopathological characteristics.
METHODS: One hundred osteosarcoma cases from 2003 to 2018 in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were retrieved. The tissue samples were stained for RANKL, and the association with the clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. Staining was interpreted in a semiquantitative scoring system and classified into negative and positive expressions. Results: Eighty-two cases had a positive expression of RANKL in which 56 and 26 patients were classified as low expression and high expression, respectively. The positive expression of RANKL did not show a significant association with clinicopathological characteristics. However, Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed a significant improvement in the disease-free survival patients who underwent limb salvage surgery (LSS) than amputated patients (p-value 0.002), whereas poorer survival was observed among conventional osteosarcomas compared to non-conventional osteosarcoma (p-value 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Limb salvage surgery had proven to improve osteosarcoma patients' survival compared to amputation, which could improve overall quality of life in osteosarcoma patients. However, our data did not show a significant association between positive RANKL immunohistochemistry with any of the clinicopathological characteristics and patients' final survival. Further studies may be acquired to understand the suitability of using RANKL immunohistochemistry as prognostication in the management of osteosarcoma patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism*
p53 Status does not affect photodynamic cell killing induced by hypericin

Lee HB, Ho AS, Teo SH

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2006 Jul;58(1):91-8.
PMID: 16211395

Given that p53 is a tumor suppressor that plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA damage and that more than 50% of all cancers have mutated p53, the wider utility of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of cancer will depend on an understanding of whether p53 status modulates response to PDT. In this study, we investigated the photosensitivity of isogenic cell lines that differ only in their p53 status to PDT using hypericin as the photosensitizer.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism
Fulltext Heterogeneity of osteosarcoma cell lines led to variable responses in reprogramming

Choong PF, Teh HX, Teoh HK, Ong HK, Choo KB, Sugii S, et al.

Int J Med Sci, 2014;11(11):1154-60.
PMID: 25170299 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8281

Four osteosarcoma cell lines, Saos-2, MG-63, G-292 and U-2 OS, were reprogrammed to pluripotent state using Yamanaka factors retroviral transduction method. Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like clusters started to appear between 15 to 20 days post transduction. Morphology of the colonies resembled that of ESC colonies with defined border and tightly-packed cells. The reprogrammed sarcomas expressed alkaline phosphatase and pluripotency markers, OCT4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, as in ESC up to Passage 15. All reprogrammed sarcomas could form embryoid body-like spheres when cultured in suspension in a low attachment dish for up to 10 days. Further testing on the directed differentiation capacity of the reprogrammed sarcomas showed all four reprogrammed sarcoma lines could differentiate into adipocytes while reprogrammed Saos-2-REP, MG-63-REP and G-292-REP could differentiate into osteocytes. Among the 4 osteosarcoma cell lines, U-2 OS reported the highest transduction efficiency but recorded the lowest reprogramming stability under long term culture. Thus, there may be intrinsic differences governing the variable responses of osteosarcoma cell lines towards reprogramming and long term culture effect of the reprogrammed cells. This is a first report to associate intrinsic factors in different osteosarcoma cell lines with variable reprogramming responses and effects on the reprogrammed cells after prolonged culture.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism*
Fulltext Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in primary bone and soft tissue sarcoma

Nathan FM, Singh VA, Dhanoa A, Palanisamy UD

BMC Cancer, 2011;11:382.
PMID: 21871117 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-382

Oxidative stress is characterised by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupts the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) balance and has been implicated in various diseases including cancer. Malignant tumors of connective tissue or sarcomas account for approximately 1% of all cancer diagnoses in adults and around 15% of paediatric malignancies per annum. There exists no information on the alterations of oxidant/antioxidant status of sarcoma patients in literature. This study was aimed to determine the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in patients with primary bone and soft tissue sarcoma and to investigate if there exists any significant differences in these levels between both the sarcomas.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism*
Lectin-based electrophoretic analysis of the expression of the 35 kDa inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 fragment in sera of patients with five different malignancies

Mohamed E, Abdul-Rahman PS, Doustjalali SR, Chen Y, Lim BK, Omar SZ, et al.

Electrophoresis, 2008 Jun;29(12):2645-50.
PMID: 18494030 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700828

A 35 kDa glycoprotein whose abundance was previously demonstrated to be enhanced in sera of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 12), was isolated from pooled sera of three of the cancer patients using champedak galactose-binding lectin affinity chromatography in the present study. Subjecting it to 2-DE and MS/MS, the glycoprotein was identified as the O-glycosylated fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4). When compared to control sera (n = 17), expression of the 35 kDa ITIH4 cleavage fragment was demonstrated to be significantly enhanced in sera of patients with breast carcinoma (n = 10), epithelial ovarian carcinoma (n = 10), and germ cell ovarian carcinoma (n = 10) but not in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 13) and osteosarcoma (n = 7). The lectin-based electrophoretic bioanalytical method adopted in the present study may be used to assess the physiological relevance of ITIH4 fragmentation and its correlation with different malignancies, their stages and progression.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism
Fulltext Emerging Anticancer Potentials of Selenium on Osteosarcoma

Pang KL, Chin KY

Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Oct 25;20(21).
PMID: 31731474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215318

Selenium is a trace element essential to humans and forms complexes with proteins, which exert physiological functions in the body. In vitro studies suggested that selenium possesses anticancer effects and may be effective against osteosarcoma. This review aims to summarise current evidence on the anticancer activity of inorganic and organic selenium on osteosarcoma. Cellular studies revealed that inorganic and organic selenium shows cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on various osteosarcoma cell lines. These actions may be mediated by oxidative stress induced by selenium compounds, leading to the activation of p53, proapoptotic proteins and caspases. Inorganic selenium is selective towards cancer cells, but can cause non-selective cell death at a high dose. This condition challenges the controlled release of selenium from biomaterials. Selenium treatment in animals inoculated with osteosarcoma reduced the tumour size, but did not eliminate the incidence of osteosarcoma. Only one study investigated the relationship between selenium and osteosarcoma in humans, but the results were inconclusive. In summary, although selenium may exert anticancer properties on osteosarcoma in experimental model systems, its effects in humans require further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteosarcoma/metabolism