MyMedR

Comparing measures of the 'typical' score across treatment groups

Othman AR, Keselman HJ, Padmanabhan AR, Wilcox RR, Fradette K

Br J Math Stat Psychol, 2004 Nov;57(Pt 2):215-34.

Researchers can adopt one of many different measures of central tendency to examine the effect of a treatment variable across groups. These include least squares means, trimmed means, M-estimators and medians. In addition, some methods begin with a preliminary test to determine the shapes of distributions before adopting a particular estimator of the typical score. We compared a number of recently developed adaptive robust methods with respect to their ability to control Type I error and their sensitivity to detect differences between the groups when data were non-normal and heterogeneous, and the design was unbalanced. In particular, two new approaches to comparing the typical score across treatment groups, due to Babu, Padmanabhan, and Puri, were compared to two new methods presented by Wilcox and by Keselman, Wilcox, Othman, and Fradette. The procedures examined generally resulted in good Type I error control and therefore, on the basis of this critetion, it would be difficult to recommend one method over the other. However, the power results clearly favour one of the methods presented by Wilcox and Keselman; indeed, in the vast majority of the cases investigated, this most favoured approach had substantially larger power values than the other procedures, particularly when there were more than two treatment groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics/statistics & numerical data*

SOME USES OF HYPNOSIS IN GYNECOLOGY

MUN CT

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Jun;18:223-5.

PMID: 14199437

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics*

AMNIOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME. II. MANAGEMENT OF THE PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME AND THE RESULTS OF STUDY

SINNATHURAY TA

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Dec;19:105-16.

PMID: 14279233

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics*

The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in modulating antiageing process

Govindasamy V, Rajendran A, Lee ZX, Ooi GC, Then KY, Then KL, et al.

Cell Biol Int, 2021 Oct;45(10):1999-2016.

PMID: 34245637 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11652

Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic origin that largely converges on inflammation. Precisely, it boils down to a common pathway characterised by the appearance of a fair amount of proinflammatory cytokines known as inflammageing. Among the proposed treatment for antiageing, MSCs gained attention in recent years. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate itself into a myriad of terminal cells, previously it was believed that these cells migrate to the site of injury and perform their therapeutic effect. However, with the more recent discovery of huge amounts of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs, it is now widely accepted that these cells do not engraft upon transplantation but rather unveil their benefits through excretion of bioactive molecules namely those involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the true function of these paracrine changes has not been thoroughly investigated all these years. Hence, this review will describe in detail on ways MSCs may capitalize its paracrine properties in modulating antiageing process. Through a comprehensive literature search various elements in the antiageing process, we aim to provide a novel treatment perspective of MSCs in antiageing related clinical conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics*

The treatment of wounds

Cameron JAP

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1939;3:297-304.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Fulltext Evaluation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) and their perceived level of success at Makkah region hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Haseeb A, Faidah HS, Al-Gethamy M, Iqbal MS, Alhifany AA, Ali M, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2020 Oct;28(10):1166-1171.

PMID: 33132709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.005

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are collaborative efforts to optimize antimicrobial use in healthcare institutions through evidence-based quality improvement strategies. The general administration of pharmaceutical care in the Saudi ministry of health (MOH) is putting outstanding efforts in implementing antimicrobial stewardship in Saudi health care settings. Several surveys have been conducted globally and reported many types of antimicrobial stewardship strategies in health institutions and their effectiveness. This study aims to identify ASPs in Makkah region hospitals and their perceived level of success. We administered a regional survey to explore current progress and issues related to the implementation of ASPs in Makkah region hospitals at the pharmacy level (n = 25). Among responding hospitals, 19 (76%) hospitals, the most commonly reported ASP were as following: formulary restrictions (90%) for broad-spectrum antimicrobials and use of prospective feedback on antimicrobial prescribing (68%), use of clinical guidelines and pathways (100%), and use of automatic stop orders (68%) to limit inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. The study outcomes will also be of pivotal importance to devise policies and strategies for antimicrobial stewardship implementation in other non-MOH settings in the Makkah region. Based on our results, all reported institutions have at least one antimicrobial stewardship program in a process with a high success rate. A multidisciplinary ASP approach, active involvement of drug & therapeutic committee, formulary restrictions, and availability of education & training of pharmacists and physicians on ASP are the primary elements for perceived successful antimicrobial stewardship programs in the Makkah region hospitals.

Matched MeSH terms: Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee

Fulltext Health literacy and food beliefs among Ibans, Sarawak

Yap SB

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Dec;40(4):294-300.

PMID: 3842729

A morbidity survey was carried out on a sample of eight longhouses in the Entabai area of the Sixth Division, Sarawak. Of the 645 respondents interviewed, only 148 (22.9%) had experienced at least one spell of illness during the one month prior to the survey.A total of 161 spells of illness was reported, giving a rate of three spells per person per year for the community. Most of the complaints were mild in nature, with fever and aches being the commonest reported. About two thirds of the illnesses were seen by the village aide or at the klinik desa, while the remaining preferred to be treated by the manang. A sub-sample of 49 heads of household were interviewed on their views of the causation, prevention and spread offive common conditions. About 14-43% of the respondents had no knowledge of the causes of fever, cough, diarrhoea or worms. Among those who mentioned some causative factors, only a portion had correct concepts of the various aspects of diseases. Food taboos associated with the five conditions were not too numerous or extensive enough to affect dietary intakes. However, this is not so during the post-partum period where the mother is not allowed to eat many vegetables and meat which are common items in their everyday diets.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Fulltext International classification of primary care

Bentsen BG

Scand J Prim Health Care, 1986 Feb;4(1):43-50.

PMID: 3961309 DOI: 10.3109/02813438609013970

"Health for all by year 2000" was the subject of the WHO Conference at Alma-Ata in 1978. It was evident that good primary care was a requirement to reach this goal. However, knowledge about this was scanty, and the instrument, an acceptable classification for analyses of primary care, was lacking. Since 1978 a WHO Working Party on Classifications of Primary Care has been working on a Reason for Encounter Classification. A RFEC test form was produced. In 1983 a feasibility study was conducted in nine countries: Australia, Barbados, Brazil, Hungary, Malaysia, The Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, and the USA. The results of this were changing the original proposal very much. In addition, the WONCA/WHO Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care was included in the final version. In 1984 this final version was accepted by WONCA Classification Committee. This is called ICPC = The International Classification of Primary Care. ICPC is biaxial with the chapters of organ/organ systems along the one axis, in addition of three chapters: General, Mental, and Social problems. The other axis comprises seven components: Complaints, Process and Diagnosis. An alphanumeric code is used. The feasibility study of RFEC comprised ten test sites, and 138 primary care professionals recorded a total of 100 452 reasons for encounter. The English version of the RFEC was translated into five other languages, and these versions were used during the study. ICPC is a comprehensive, simple and practicable classification which can be used in medical records and in different areas of primary care research.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Fulltext Snapshot of antimicrobial stewardship programs in the hospitals of Pakistan: findings and implications

Saleem Z, Hassali MA, Hashmi FK, Godman B, Ahmed Z

Heliyon, 2019 Jul;5(7):e02159.

PMID: 31384689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02159

Objective: We are unaware of the extent of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) among hospitals in Pakistan, which is a concern given the population size, high use of antibiotics across sectors and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates. Consequently, we sought to address this by undertaking a comprehensive survey.

Method: In this cross-sectional observational study in Punjab, an instrument of the measure was developed based on health care facility characteristics and ASPs after an extensive literature review. The questionnaire was circulated by mail or through drop off surveys to medical superintendents or directors/heads of pharmacy departments of hospitals.

Results: Out of 254, a total of 137 hospitals fully completed the questionnaire - 11 primary, 65 secondary, 46 tertiary and 15 specialized hospitals. The use of antimicrobial prescribing guidelines (68.7%), provision of infectious diseases consultation services (66.4%), clinical pharmacy service (65.7%), use of drug and therapeutics committees to approve antimicrobial prescribing (65.5%), regular audit by doctors on antimicrobial prescribing (54.1%) and use of a restricted formulary for antimicrobial (50.4%) were the most common ASPs. However, most of these activities were only somewhat or moderately successful. Whereas, electronic antimicrobial prescribing approval systems (15.3%), using a sticker to notify prescribers regarding the need to obtain approval for the antimicrobial prescribed (16.1%) and participation in the national antimicrobial utilization surveillance program (19.7%) were only seen in a few hospitals.

Conclusion: Study inferred that there are inadequate ASPs in the hospitals of Pakistan. A multidisciplinary approach, clinical leadership and availability of motivated and trained individuals are essential elements for the success of future ASPs.

Matched MeSH terms: Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee

Outpatients laparoscopic sterilization -- a review of the difficulties in procedure and complications encountered

Arshat H, Kim KS, Jalil AH

Malays J Reprod Health, 1985 Jun;3(1):59-63.

PMID: 12314428

PIP:
A total of 552 women in 1983 have undergone laparoscopic sterilization under local anesthesia with sedation in the family planning clinic at Maternity Hospital and the Specialist Center at Batu Complex. A review was made to evaluate the risks, benefits, and safety of outpatient surgery in view of the shortage of anesthetic personnel, operating theaters and costs to patients if general anesthesia were to be used instead. Anesthetic complications (0.9%) were found to be of a very minor nature, not requiring hospitalization. Surgical complication was higher at 3.8%. There was a high rate (21%) of difficulties encountered at operation, 15% for medical officers and trainees but only 6% for specialists. In summary, a very low complication rate was encountered with local anesthetics. The use of local anesthesia with sedation is advocated. This cuts down on costs, hospitalization and recovey time and overcomes the perennial problem of shortage of anesthetic staff and operating theaters. The rate of the surgical complications was related to the surgeon's experience.

Study site: family planning clinic at Maternity Hospital and the Specialist Center at Batu Comple

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Paramedic insertion of intrauterine device in a Malaysian family planning clinic

Kwa Siew Kim, Arshat H, Abdul Jalil AH, Ang Eng Suan, Suhaimi A

Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Jun;5(1):11-6.

PMID: 12269176

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Some aspects of the sterilization program in Malaysia

Arshat H, Ali J, Noor Laily Abu Bakar

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):1-13.

PMID: 12267515

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

WHO partograph cuts complications of labour and childbirth

Safe Mother, 1994 Jul-Oct;?(15):10.

PMID: 12345820

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Granny midwives can help with family planning in developing lands; in Iran they insert, remove IUDs

Int Fam Plann Dig, 1975 Dec;1(4):1-3.

PMID: 12277249

PIP: Traditional midwives are active in most villages and many urban areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They deliver babies, provide prenatal and postpartum care, teach folk methods of birth control, treat infertility, and enjoy the confidence of many women. Most official family planning programs make little or no use of these traditional midwives. Research should be conducted into the most effective ways of recruiting and rewarding midwives in family planning programs. They seem to function best when provided with adequate training, supervision, and incentives. Traditional midwives are participating in the national family planning programs in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Only in Iran do they participate in the medical aspects of family planning. Midwives in Iran do IUD insertions and their performance compares favorably with that of medical personnel.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

A five-year review of diagnostic laparoscopy and female sterilizations in 52 centers in Malaysia

Ang Eng Suan, Arshat H

Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Jun;5(1):1-9.

PMID: 12269175

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

A study of the acceptability and effectiveness of Norplant (R) contraceptive implants in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Arshat H, Rachagan SP, Kwa Siew Kim, Ang Eng Suan, Karim HA, Ismail MT

Malays J Reprod Health, 1990 Jun;8(1):21-9.

PMID: 12316341

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Office laparoscopic assessment of female fertility

Arshat H, Yuliawiratman, Piliang AS

Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Jan;1(1):46-54.

PMID: 12279889

This preliminary report details our experience and also serves to evaluate the risk benefits of office laparoscopy for female fertility assessment in 183 subjects. The patients were admitted at about 8.00 in the morning and discharged at 3.00 to 4.00 in the afternoon after laparoscopy has been performed. Only 7. 7 percent of the subjects required inhalational anesthetic gases along with a combination of intravenous sedation and local anesthetic infiltration. The pick-up rate for pelvic abnormality is fairly high, approximately 22.4 percent. Difficulties and complications encountered during laparoscopy were minimal and easily overcome. The benefits of laparoscopy overrules the risk of complications. It is suggested that all family planning clinics involved in fertility assessment and sterilization feature laparoscopy on an but patient basis as one of its main activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Ectopic pregnancies following mini-laparotomy Pomeroy female sterilization

Puraviappan A, Arshat H

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):20-4.

PMID: 12267517

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

Filshie Clip sterilization trial in Malaysia

Arshat H, Puraviappan AP, Thambu J, Ali J, Harun R

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):14-9.

PMID: 12267516

Matched MeSH terms: Therapeutics

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