Browse publications by year: 2012

  1. Ali N, El-Harbawi M, Jabal AA, Yin CY
    Environ Technol, 2012 Feb-Mar;33(4-6):481-6.
    PMID: 22629620
    The characteristics and water/oil sorption effectiveness ofkapok fibre, sugarcane bagasse and rice husks have been compared. The three biomass types were subjected to field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and surface tension analyses for liquid-air and oil-water systems were conducted. Both kapok fibre and sugarcane bagasse exhibit excellent oil sorption capabilities for diesel, crude, new engine and used engine oils as their oil sorption capacities all exceed 10 g/g. The synthetic sorbent exhibits oil sorption capacities comparable with sugarcane bagasse, while rice husks exhibit the lowest oil sorption capacities among all the sorbents. Kapok fibre shows overwhelmingly high oil-to-water sorption (O/W) ratios ranging from 19.35 to 201.53 while sugarcane bagasse, rice husks and synthetic sorbent have significantly lower O/W ratios (0.76-2.69). This suggests that kapok fibre is a highly effective oil sorbent even in well-mixed oil-water media. An oil sorbent suitability matrix is proposed to aid stakeholders in evaluating customized oil removal usage of the natural sorbents.
    MeSH terms: Absorption; Fuel Oils; Oryza/chemistry*; Ultrafiltration/methods*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification*; Water Purification/methods; Saccharum/chemistry*; Ceiba/chemistry*; Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry*; Petroleum Pollution/prevention & control*
  2. Ezat WP, Noraziani K, Sabrizan O
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(3):1069-75.
    PMID: 22631640
    There are an almost infinite number of states of health, all with differing qualities that can be affected by many factors. Each aspect of health has many components which contribute to multidimensionality. Cancer and its' related issues surrounding the treatment plan contribute to the variety of changes of quality of life of cancer patients throughout their life. The objective of this article was to provide an overview of some of the issues that can affect their quality of life and initiatives towards successful care in Malaysia by reviewing relevant reports and articles. The current strategies can be further strengthened by prevention of cancer while improving quality of service to cancer patients.
    MeSH terms: Government Programs; Humans; Malaysia; Palliative Care; Quality of Life*; Quality Improvement
  3. Alsaad MA, Shamsuddin K, Fadzil F
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(3):879-83.
    PMID: 22631665
    Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and can be prevented by early vaccination.

    OBJECTIVE: To assess Syrian women's level of knowledge and determinants of good knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV infection and its vaccines.

    METHODS: A cross sectional survey was undertaken among mothers with daughters in sixth grade classes enrolled in primary schools in Aleppo city, Syria. Samples were selected through cluster sampling and data collected using a self-administered questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Less than a third of the mothers had heard of HPV infection and vaccines against cervical cancer and levels of knowledge were generally low. Good knowledge was associated with high education level, higher family monthly income, having few--less than four children, positive history of cervical cancer screening, and working or having relatives working in the medical field. The main source of information was television and few reported health care providers as a source of knowledge on HPV infection and vaccine.

    CONCLUSION: Since knowledge of HPV infection and its connection with cervical cancer and its vaccine are low, more efforts must be made to educate Syrians prior to introduction of any HPV vaccination programme. Public health efforts must focus on educating mothers, the public as well as health care providers.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control*; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Mothers; Nuclear Family; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Surveys and Questionnaires; Social Class; Syria; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control*; Papillomavirus Vaccines*
  4. Natrah MS, Ezat S, Syed MA, Rizal AM, Saperi S
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(3):957-62.
    PMID: 22631679
    OBJECTIVE: Rapidly increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in Malaysia and the introduction of cutting edge new treatments, which prolong survival, mean that treatment outcome measures meed to be evaluated, including consideration of patient's quality of life (QoL) assessment. There are limited data on QoL in CRC patients, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was performed focusing on cancer stages and age groups.

    METHODS: The cross sectional study was conducted from June to September 2011 at three public tertiary hospitals with the EORTC QLQ C-30 questionnaire in addition to face to face interview and review of medical records of 100 respondents.

    RESULTS: The mean age was 57.3 (SD 11.9) years with 56.0% are males and 44.0% females, 62% of Malay ethnicity, 30% Chinese, 7% Indian and 1% Sikh. Majority were educated up to secondary level (42%) and 90% respondents had CRC stages III and IV. Mean global health status (GHS) score was 79.1 (SD 21.4). Mean scores for functional status (physical, emotional, role, cognitive, social) rangeds between 79.5 (SD 26.6) to 92.2 (SD 13.7). Mean symptom scores (fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia, dyspnoea, loss of appetite) ranged between 4.00 (SD 8.58) to 20.7 (SD 30.6). Respondents role function significantly deteriorates with increasing stage of the disease (p=0.044). Females had worse symptoms of pain (p=0.022), fatigue (p=0.031) and dyspnoea (p=0.031). Mean insomnia (p=0.006) and diarrhea (p=0.024) demonstrated significant differences between age groups.

    CONCLUSION: QOL in CRC patients in this study was comparable to that in other studies done in developed countries. Pain, fatigue and dyspnoea are worse among female CRC patients. Given that functions deteriorates with advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, a systematic screening programme to detect cases as early as possible is essential nationwide.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Status*; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Quality of Life*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology; Colorectal Neoplasms/psychology*; Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
  5. Ahmadian M, Samah AA, Redzuan M, Emby Z
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(3):969-74.
    PMID: 22631681
    Mammography utilization is low in Iran compared with other countries. Here a cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate psycho-social and individual factors associated with mammography among 400 women asymptomatic of breast cancer. The study was carried out at the four outpatient clinics of Tehran during the period from July through October, 2009. We found that mammography screening was related to higher self-efficacy and women's occupation. Future tailored interventions on potential psycho-social determinants and specific demographic factors are critical in increasing mammography screening rates among Iranian women.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis; Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Iran; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Mammography/utilization*; Mammography/statistics & numerical data; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data; Middle Aged; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data; Surveys and Questionnaires; Self Concept*; Health Behavior*; Early Detection of Cancer*
  6. Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R
    Soc Sci Med, 2012 Sep;75(5):859-63.
    PMID: 22632847 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.047
    Unmet need as a significant factor affecting quality of life in later life has recently received considerable attention in gerontological research. The main aim of this study was to identify the prevalence, predicting factors, and negative consequence of unmet need among older Malaysians. The findings may be useful to reduce unmet need and the burden of its adverse consequence. The sample for this study consists of 400 functionally disabled elderly people aged 60 and over was obtained from a large national survey. Unmet need was operationally defined based on Manton's (1989) criteria. The findings from the present study showed about 18.0% of functionally disabled older Malaysians suffer from unmet need. Logistic regression revealed that gender (being male) and chronic health conditions are statistically associated with increased odds of unmet need after adjusting for other possible risk factors. Further results indicated that unmet need statistically increases odds of fall as a negative consequence of unmet need. The high prevalence rates of unmet need among disabled elderly men and chronically ill older persons suggest that policy makers should pay more attention to this vulnerable group to achieve good quality of life. The implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data*; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Sex Factors
  7. Shamsudin MN, Alreshidi MA, Hamat RA, Alshrari AS, Atshan SS, Neela V
    J Hosp Infect, 2012 Jul;81(3):206-8.
    PMID: 22633074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.04.015
    The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 60 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Malaysia to three antiseptic agents - benzalkonium chloride (BZT), benzethonium chloride (BAC) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) - were determined. All isolates had MICs ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/L. Antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B and smr were detected in 83.3% and 1.6% of the isolates, respectively. Carriage of qacA/B correlated with reduced susceptibility to CHG and BAC. This is the first report of the prevalence of qacA/B and smr gene carriage in Malaysian MRSA isolates, with a high frequency of qacA/B carriage. The presence of these antiseptic resistance genes and associated reduced susceptibility to antiseptic agents may have clinical implications.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology*; Bacterial Proteins/genetics*; Benzalkonium Compounds/pharmacology; Benzethonium/pharmacology; Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives; Chlorhexidine/pharmacology; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*; Prevalence; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Antiporters/genetics; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics*; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
  8. Ahmad K, Yan Y, Bless D
    J Voice, 2012 Nov;26(6):751-9.
    PMID: 22633334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.002
    A high proportion of the geriatric population suffers from presbylaryngis and presbyphonia; however, our knowledge of vibratory patterns in this population is almost nonexistent. In this study, we investigate the vocal fold vibratory patterns of healthy elderly females to determine which features or combination of them could best describe the geriatric voices.
    MeSH terms: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Laryngoscopy/methods*; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Phonation*; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted*; Time Factors; Vibration; Vocal Cords/physiology*; Voice Quality*; Reproducibility of Results
  9. Abu Amr SS, Aziz HA
    Waste Manag, 2012 Sep;32(9):1693-8.
    PMID: 22633680 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.04.009
    Ozonation, combined with the Fenton process (O(3)/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)), was used to treat matured landfill leachate. The effectiveness of the Fenton molar ratio, Fenton concentration, pH variance, and reaction time were evaluated under optimum operational conditions. The optimum removal values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and NH(3)-N were found to be 65%, 98%, and 12%, respectively, for 90 min of ozonation using a Fenton molar ratio of 1 at a Fenton concentration of 0.05 mol L(-1) (1700 mg/L) H(2)O(2) and 0.05 mol L(-1) (2800 mg/L) Fe(2+) at pH 7. The maximum removal of NH(3)-N was 19% at 150 min. The ozone consumption for COD removal was 0.63 kg O(3)/kg COD. To evaluate the effectiveness, the results obtained in the treatment of stabilized leachate were compared with those obtained from other treatment processes, such as ozone alone, Fenton reaction alone, as well as combined Fenton and ozone. The combined method (i.e., O(3)/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD, color, and NH(3)-N compared with other studied applications.
    MeSH terms: Ammonia/chemistry; Color; Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry*; Iron/chemistry*; Oxidation-Reduction; Ozone/chemistry*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry*; Waste Management*; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  10. Al-Mekhlafi NA, Shaari K, Abas F, Kneer R, Jeyaraj EJ, Stanslas J, et al.
    Phytochemistry, 2012 Aug;80:42-9.
    PMID: 22633846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.008
    Phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae), an important medicinal herb in Malaysia, has led to the isolation of 1-O-methyl-6-acetoxy-5-(pentadec-10Z-enyl)resorcinol (1), labisiaquinone A (2) and labisiaquinone B (3). Along with these, 16 known compounds including 1-O-methyl-6-acetoxy-5-pentadecylresorcinol (4), 5-(pentadec-10Z-enyl)resorcinol (5), 5-(pentadecyl)resorcinol (6), (-)-loliolide (7), stigmasterol (8), 4-hydroxyphenylethylamine (9), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (11), (+)-catechin (12), (-)-epicatechin (13), kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-glycopyranoside (14), kaempferol-4'-O-β-glycopyranoside (15), quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (16), kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (17), (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (18) and stigmasterol-3-O-β-glycopyranoside (19) were also isolated. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques (¹H, ¹³C, COSY, HSQC, NOESY and HMBC experiments), mass spectrometry and chemical derivatization. Among the constituents tested 1 and 4 exhibited strongest cytotoxic activity against the PC3, HCT116 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC₅₀ values ≤ 10 μM), and they showed selectivity towards the first two-cell lines relative to the last one.
    MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/analysis; Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification*; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology*; Humans; Resorcinols/analysis; Resorcinols/isolation & purification*; Resorcinols/pharmacology*; Myrsinaceae/chemistry*; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation/drug effects
  11. Syam S, Abdelwahab SI, Al-Mamary MA, Mohan S
    Molecules, 2012 May 25;17(6):6179-95.
    PMID: 22634834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066179
    Several chalcones were synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxicity against various human cell lines, including human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, human prostate cancer cell line PC3, human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 (colorectal cancer) and human normal liver cell line WRL-68 was evaluated. Most of the compounds being active cytotoxic agents, four of them with minimal IC₅₀ values were chosen and studied in detail with MCF-7 cells. The compounds 1, 5, 23, and 25 were capable in eliciting apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as shown by multiparameter cytotoxicity assay and caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 activities (p < 0.05). The ROS level showed 1.3-fold increase (p < 0.05) at the low concentrations used and thus it was concluded that the compounds increased the ROS level eventually leading to apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways.
    MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis*; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology*; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry; Enzyme Activation/drug effects; Humans; Apoptosis/drug effects; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism; HT29 Cells; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Caspases/metabolism; Cell Line, Tumor; Chalcones/chemical synthesis*; Chalcones/pharmacology*; Chalcones/chemistry
  12. Jaafar HZ, Ibrahim MH, Karimi E
    Molecules, 2012 May 25;17(6):6331-47.
    PMID: 22634843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066331
    A split plot 3 × 3 experiment was designed to examine the impact of three concentrations of CO₂ (400, 800 and 1,200 μmol·mol⁻¹) on the phenolic and flavonoid compound profiles, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and antioxidant activity in three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. (var. alata, pumila and lanceolata) after 15 weeks of exposure. HPLC analysis revealed a strong influence of increased CO₂ concentration on the modification of phenolic and flavonoid profiles, whose intensity depended on the interaction between CO₂ levels and L. pumila varieties. Gallic acid and quercetin were the most abundant phenolics and flavonoids commonly present in all the varieties. With elevated CO₂ (1,200 μmol·mol⁻¹) exposure, gallic acid increased tremendously, especially in var. alata and pumila (101-111%), whilst a large quercetin increase was noted in var. lanceolata (260%), followed closely by alata (201%). Kaempferol, although detected under ambient CO₂ conditions, was undetected in all varieties after exposure. Instead, caffeic acid was enhanced tremendously in var. alata (338~1,100%) and pumila (298~433%). Meanwhile, pyragallol and rutin were only seen in var. alata (810 μg·g⁻¹ DW) and pumila (25 μg·g⁻¹ DW), respectively, under ambient conditions; but the former compound went undetected in all varieties while rutin continued to increase by 262% after CO₂ enrichment. Interestingly, naringenin that was present in all varieties under ambient conditions went undetected under enrichment, except for var. pumila where it was enhanced by 1,100%. PAL activity, DPPH and FRAP also increased with increasing CO₂ levels implying the possible improvement of health-promoting quality of Malaysian L. pumila under high CO₂ enrichment conditions.
    MeSH terms: Antioxidants/metabolism*; Antioxidants/chemistry; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism*; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enzyme Activation; Flavonoids/metabolism*; Flavonoids/chemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenols/metabolism*; Phenols/chemistry; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/metabolism*; Plant Extracts/metabolism; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism; Plant Leaves/metabolism; Plant Leaves/chemistry; Primulaceae/metabolism*; Primulaceae/chemistry
  13. Othman AS, Othman NI, Rosman A, Nudin SS, Rahman AR
    J Hypertens, 2012 Aug;30(8):1552-5.
    PMID: 22635140 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328355207b
    OBJECTIVES: In this cross-sectional study we compared the central aortic systolic pressure (CASP), peripheral brachial systolic pressure (PSP), peripheral brachial diastolic pressure (PDP) and augmentation index (AIx) between normotensive offspring of nonhypertensive parents (ONT) and normotensive offspring with at least one hypertensive parent (OHT).
    METHODOLOGY: A total of 100 healthy ONT (mean age 20.95 ± 2.06) and 100 healthy OHT (mean age 20.89 ± 2.12) individuals were recruited. Parental history of hypertension was determined by detailed history taking. CASP, PSP, PDP and AIx were measured using the BPro device. All blood pressure (BP) measurements were calibrated using oscillometric BP readings.
    RESULTS: The OHT group had higher PSP (117.57 ± 10.06 versus 114.52 ± 8.94, P < 0.05), PDP (72.39 ± 7.28 versus 70.39 ± 6.50, P < 0.05) and CASP (103.72 ± 8.95 versus 101.37 ± 7.74, P < 0.05) compared to the ONT group. There was no significant difference in AIx in the ONT group (57.97 ± 11.02 versus 58.08 ± 12.16, P = 0.95) in comparison to the OHT group. However, following adjustments for certain cardiovascular risk factors, only PSP (117.33 versus 114.76, P < 0.05) remained significantly higher in the OHT group compared to the ONT group. Analysis of adjusted data within sex showed that CASP was higher in the female OHT group compared to the female ONT group, whereas PDP were higher in the male OHT group compared to the male ONT group.
    CONCLUSION: Alterations in PSP, PDP and CASP are already present in early life in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, with possible differences in mechanism between different sexes.
    Study site: Clinical Research Laboratory in Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Selangor, Malaysia
    MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/physiology*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Health; Female; Humans; Hypertension/genetics*; Hypertension/physiopathology*; Malaysia; Male; Genetic Predisposition to Disease*; Adult Children*; Lower Extremity; Ankle Brachial Index; Young Adult
  14. Tong SF, Ng CJ, Lee BC, Lee VK, Khoo EM, Lee EG, et al.
    Asian J Androl, 2012 Jul;14(4):604-11.
    PMID: 22635164 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.178
    This study aimed to investigate the effect of intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate on overall quality of life (QoL) in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). A randomized controlled trial over a 12-month period was carried out in 2009. One hundred and twenty men aged 40 years and above with a diagnosis of TDS (serum total testosterone <12 nmol l(-1) and total Aging Male Symptom (AMS) scores ≥27) were invited to participate. Interventions comprised intramuscular injection of either placebo or 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate, given at weeks 0, 6, 18, 30 and 42. This paper presents the secondary analysis of QoL changes measured in the scores of Short-Form-12 (SF-12) scale at baseline, weeks 30 and 48 after the first injection. A total of 56/60 and 58/60 men from the active treatment and placebo group, respectively, completed the study. At week 48, before adjusting for baseline differences, the QoL of men in the treatment group improved significantly in five out of the eight domains on SF-12. The physical health composite scores improved 4.0 points from a baseline of 41.9±7.0 in the treatment group compared to 0.8 point from a baseline of 43.7±7.1 in the placebo group (F=3.652, P=0.027). The mental health composite scores improved 4.4 points from a baseline of 37.1±9.0 in the treatment group compared to 1.0 points from a baseline of 37.6±7.9 in the placebo group (F=4.514, P=0.018). After adjusting for baseline differences, significant improvement was observed in mental health composite scores, but not in physical health composite scores. Long-acting testosterone undecanoate significantly improved the mental health component of QoL in men with TDS.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aging/blood*; Aging/psychology; Analysis of Variance; Androgens/therapeutic use*; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life/psychology*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Testosterone/analogs & derivatives*; Testosterone/blood; Testosterone/deficiency*; Testosterone/therapeutic use
  15. Mohd Fahami NA, Ibrahim IA, Kamisah Y, Mohd Ismail N
    BMC Gastroenterol, 2012;12:54.
    PMID: 22639913 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-12-54
    This study examined the effects of Palm vitamin E (PVE) and α-tocopherol (α-TF) supplementations on adrenalin, noradrenalin, xanthine oxidase plus dehydrogenase (XO + XD) activities and gastric lesions in rats exposed to water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS).
    MeSH terms: Animals; Catecholamines/metabolism*; Epinephrine/blood; Immersion/adverse effects*; Male; Norepinephrine/blood; Oxidoreductases/metabolism; Stomach/drug effects; Stomach/metabolism; Stomach/pathology*; Stomach Diseases/pathology; Stomach Diseases/physiopathology; Stomach Diseases/prevention & control*; Stress, Physiological/physiology*; Vitamin E/administration & dosage; Vitamin E/pharmacology; Vitamin E/therapeutic use*; Xanthine Oxidase/metabolism*; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Dietary Supplements; Models, Animal; alpha-Tocopherol/administration & dosage; alpha-Tocopherol/pharmacology; alpha-Tocopherol/therapeutic use; Rats
  16. Jantan I, Saputri FC
    Phytochemistry, 2012 Aug;80:58-63.
    PMID: 22640928 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.003
    Three benzophenones, 2,6,3',5'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), 3,4,5,3',5'-pentahydroxybenzophenone (3) and 3,5,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (4), as well as a xanthone, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3'-methyl-2'-oxo-but-3'-enyl)xanthone (9), were isolated from the twigs of Garcinia cantleyana var. cantleyana. Eight known compounds, 3,4,5,3'-tetrahydroxy benzophenone (2), 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone (5), 1,3,8-trihydroxyxanthone (6), 2,4,7-trihydroxyxanthone (7), 1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (8), quercetin, glutin-5-en-3β-ol and friedelin were also isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The compounds were investigated for their ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and platelet aggregation in human whole blood in vitro. Most of the compounds showed strong antioxidant activity with compound 8 showing the highest inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 0.5 μM, comparable to that of probucol. Among the compounds tested, only compound 4 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Compounds 3, 5 and 8 showed selective inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation induced by ADP.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants/isolation & purification; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Antioxidants/chemistry; Benzophenones/isolation & purification; Benzophenones/pharmacology*; Benzophenones/chemistry; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism*; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects*; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/isolation & purification; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/chemistry; Structure-Activity Relationship; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects*; Garcinia/chemistry*; Xanthones/isolation & purification; Xanthones/pharmacology*; Xanthones/chemistry; Young Adult
  17. Wong RS, Radhakrishnan AK, Ibrahim TA, Cheong SK
    Microsc Microanal, 2012 Jun;18(3):462-9.
    PMID: 22640960 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927612000177
    Tocotrienols are isomers of the vitamin E family, which have been reported to exert cytotoxic effects in various cancer cells. Although there have been some reports on the effects of tocotrienols in leukemic cells, ultrastructural evidence of tocotrienol-induced apoptotic cell death in leukemic cells is lacking. The present study investigated the effects of three isomers of tocotrienols (alpha, delta, and gamma) on a human T lymphoblastic leukemic cell line (CEM-SS). Cell viability assays showed that all three isomers had cytotoxic effects (p < 0.05) on CEM-SS cells with delta-tocotrienol being the most potent. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cytotoxic effects by delta- and gamma-tocotrienols were through the induction of an apoptotic pathway as demonstrated by the classical ultrastructural apoptotic changes characterized by peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. These findings were confirmed biochemically by the demonstration of phosphatidylserine externalization via flow cytometry analysis. This is the first study showing classical ultrastructural apoptotic changes induced by delta- and gamma-tocotrienols in human T lymphoblastic leukemic cells.
    MeSH terms: Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure; Cell Survival/drug effects; Chromans/toxicity*; Chromatin/ultrastructure; Humans; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects*; T-Lymphocytes/physiology; T-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure; Vitamin E/analogs & derivatives*; Vitamin E/toxicity; Apoptosis*; Tocotrienols; Cell Line, Tumor; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  18. Thanh T, Chi VT, Abdullah MP, Omar H, Napis S
    Mol Biol (Mosk), 2012 Jan-Feb;46(1):64-70.
    PMID: 22642102
    Isolation of promoter sequences from known gene sequences is a tedious task in genome-related research. An efficient method of obtaining the promoter sequences is necessary in order to successfully use targeted promoters for genetic manipulations. Here, efficiency and usefulness of two PCR-based methods, namely: ligation-mediated PCR and thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR, for isolation of promoter sequences of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (RbcS) gene from green microalgae Ankistrodesmus convolutus (A. convolutus) were evaluated. The results showed that the amplification efficiency of TAIL-PCR was higher than that of the ligation-mediated PCR method, i.e. the amplified promoter fragments of 1.2 and 0.8 kb in length or promoter sequences of 813 and 606 bp (after eliminating the unreadable sequences). The use of TAIL-PCR described here presents a low cost and efficient strategy for the isolation of promoter sequences of known genes, especially in GC-rich regions, and species with little or no available genome information such as A. convolutus.
    MeSH terms: Ligation/methods*; Promoter Regions, Genetic*; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/isolation & purification*; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/chemistry; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods*; Microalgae/enzymology*
  19. Helaly SE, Kulik A, Zinecker H, Ramachandaran K, Tan GY, Imhoff JF, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2012 Jun 22;75(6):1018-24.
    PMID: 22642587 DOI: 10.1021/np200580g
    A new 32-membered macrolactone antibiotic, named langkolide, was isolated from the mycelium of Streptomyces sp. Acta 3062. The langkolide structure was determined by HR-MS and 1D and 2D NMR as a 32-membered macrolactone connected from an overhanging polyketide tail to a naphthoquinone unit mediated by two carbohydrate moieties. The producing strain was isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Clitorea sp. collected at Burau Bay, Langkawi, Malaysia, and was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomic features in addition to its 16S rRNA gene sequence. It was identified as a member of the Streptomyces galbus clade. Langkolide exhibited various bioactivities including antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Furthermore, langkolide inhibited human recombinant phosphodiesterase 4 with an IC(50) value of 0.48 μM.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification*; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry; Humans; Malaysia; Streptomyces/chemistry*; Molecular Structure; Macrolides/isolation & purification*; Macrolides/pharmacology*; Macrolides/chemistry; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mycelium/chemistry; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/isolation & purification*; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/pharmacology*; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/chemistry
  20. Thu HE, Zulfakar MH, Ng SF
    Int J Pharm, 2012 Sep 15;434(1-2):375-83.
    PMID: 22643226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.044
    The aims of this research were to develop a novel bilayer hydrocolloid film based on alginate and to investigate its potential as slow-release wound healing vehicle. The bilayer is composed of an upper layer impregnated with model drug (ibuprofen) and a drug-free lower layer, which acted as a rate-controlling membrane. The thickness uniformity, solvent loss, moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR), hydration rate, morphology, rheology, mechanical properties, in vitro drug release and in vivo wound healing profiles were investigated. A smooth bilayer film with two homogenous distinct layers was produced. The characterisation results showed that bilayer has superior mechanical and rheological properties than the single layer films. The bilayers also showed low MVTR, slower hydration rate and lower drug flux in vitro compared to single layer inferring that bilayer may be useful for treating low suppurating wounds and suitable for slow release application on wound surfaces. The bilayers also provided a significant higher healing rate in vivo, with well-formed epidermis with faster granulation tissue formation when compared to the controls. In conclusions, a novel alginate-based bilayer hydrocolloid film was developed and results suggested that they can be exploited as slow-release wound dressings.
    MeSH terms: Alginates/chemistry*; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage*; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry; Ibuprofen/administration & dosage*; Ibuprofen/pharmacology; Male; Rheology; Solvents/chemistry; Wound Healing/drug effects*; Drug Delivery Systems; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry; Bandages, Hydrocolloid; Rats
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