Browse publications by year: 2014

Fulltext Performance of parabolic concentrated solar cooker used for cooking in Bauchi-Nigeria

Abbas, M.R., Dasin, D.Y., Aliyu, A.S.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;3(1):9-21.
MyJurnal

Rural communities in sub Saharan Africa have spent considerable time and energy in
their quest for obtaining cooking requirements. The utilization of solar energy for cooking is not a
widespread practice despite the fact that African countries are abundant in solar resources. A solar
cooker uses the freely, environmentally friendly, healthy and renewable solar energy resource as its
energy source, thus indicating its economical and sustainability advantages. This paper demonstrates
the possibility of using solar energy as an alternative to the traditional system of cooking local
foodstuffs within the rural communities of North-East Nigeria. The cooker was designed and fitted
with a black pot and an automatic tracking mechanism that can track the sun at 10° per hour,
following the sun movement for use in tropical dry climates. Parboiled rice of 1kg each was cooked
completely in 75 minutes at an average solar beam radiation of 623W/m2
after attaining maximum
temperature of 368K under clear weather condition. Whereas 1kg of beans and 1.1kg of yam were
cooked in 90 minutes at an average solar beam radiation of 536.5W/m2
and 430.1 W/m2
respectively.
The highest temperature reached for this test was 368K. The results indicated that a parabolic solar
cooker can easily cook these varieties of Nigerian local dishes within the range of 75 to 90 minutes
under the clear weather condition of Bauchi, north–east of Nigeria.
Fulltext Developing and prototyping of empty fruit bunch high density board

J. Sahari, Shah, M. K. M, Nuratiqah, M.N., Rao, M.M.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;3(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

Empty fruit bunches and wastepaper together with urea formaldehyde (UF) were
evaluated to figure out potential applications in engineering field. The purpose of this project is to
determine the mechanical properties of a new high density board. This composite was manufactured
by hot-press technique with 3 different ratios i.e. 10:0, 6.67:3.33 and 9.33:0.67. The mechanical
properties were evaluated using the GOTECH/AI-7000M Electronic Mechanical Testing. Tensile tests
were carried out according to ASTM D638. The results were analysed to calculate the tensile
strength. Tensile strength at break ranged from 4.712 N/mm2 to 12.941 N/mm2 while hardness
number obtained ranged from 6.76 RHN to 75.84 RHN. This fibreboard has better properties when
reinforced with wastepaper compared to that of 100% empty fruit bunches. It is also found that the
hardness number is higher, which means that this fibreboard can withstand any load not more than
75.84 RHN. Finally, through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the surface structure of the new
high density board has been studied in terms of their surface morphology.
Fulltext Phylogenetic analyses of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum and allied limestone species of China shed light on the evolution of Sino-Vietnamese karst flora

Chung KF, Leong WC, Rubite RR, Repin R, Kiew R, Liu Y, et al.

Bot Stud, 2014 Dec;55(1):1.
PMID: 28510906 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-55-1

BACKGROUND: The picturesque limestone karsts across the Sino-Vietnamese border are renowned biodiversity hotspot, distinguished for extremely high endemism of calciphilous plants restricted to caves and cave-like microhabitats that have functioned as biological refugia on the otherwise harsh habitats. To understand evolutionary mechanisms underlying the splendid limestone flora, dated phylogeny is reconstructed for Asian Begonia, a species-rich genus on limestone substrates represented by no less than 60 species in southern China, using DNA sequences of nrITS and chloroplast rpL16 intron. The sampling includes 94 Begonia species encompassing most major Asian clades with a special emphasized on Chinese species.
RESULTS: Except for two tuberous deciduous species and a species with upright stems, a majority of Sino-Vietnamese limestone Begonia (SVLB), including sect. Coelocentrum (19 species sampled) and five species of sect. Diploclinium, Leprosae, and Petermannia, are rhizomatous and grouped in a strongly supported and yet internally poorly resolved clade (Clade SVLB), suggesting a single evolutionary origin of the adaptation to limestone substrates by rhizomatous species, subsequent species radiation, and a strong tendency to retain their ancestral niche. Divergence-time estimates indicate a late Miocene diversification of Clade SVLB, coinciding with the onset of the East Asian monsoon and the period of extensive karstification in the area.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on our phylogenetic study, Begonia sect. Coelocentrum is recircumscribed and expanded to include other members of the Clade SVLB (sect. Diploclinium: B. cavaleriei, B. pulvinifera, and B. wangii; sect. Leprosae: B. cylindrica and B. leprosa; sect. Petermannia: B. sinofloribunda). Because species of Clade SVLB have strong niche conservatism to retain in their ancestral habitats in cave-like microhabitats and Begonia are generally poor dispersers prone to diversify allopatrically, we propose that extensive and continuous karstification of the Sino-Vietnamese limestone region facilitated by the onset of East Asian monsoon since the late Miocene has been the major driving force for species accumulation via geographic isolation in Clade SVLB. Morphologically species of Clade SVLB differ mainly in vegetative traits without apparent adaptive value, suggesting that limestone Begonia radiation is better characterized as non-adaptive, an underappreciated speciation mode crucial for rapid species accumulations in organisms of low vagility and strong niche conservatism.

MeSH terms: Refugium; Calcium Carbonate; China; Chloroplasts; DNA; Biological Evolution; Introns; Phylogeny; Evolution, Molecular; Begoniaceae; Biodiversity; Caves
Fulltext A new Haniffia species (Zingiberaceae) and a new generic record from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Wong SY, Ooi IH, Boyce PC

Bot Stud, 2014 Dec;55(1):51.
PMID: 28510939 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0051-9

BACKGROUND: Haniffia Holttum is a genus of three described species of terrestrial gingers hitherto restricted to Peninsular Thailand and various localities in Peninsular Malaysia.
RESULTS: With generic placement confirmed using nrITS, trn K and mat K plastid sequence data, Haniffia santubongensis S.Y. Wong & P.C. Boyce is described as a taxonomically novel species representing a new generic record for Borneo, to where it is endemic to Mount Santubong, Kuching Division, NW Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. An identification key to all species is given and H. santubongensis is illustrated from living plants.
CONCLUSION: Haniffia santubongensis is the fourth species of Haniffia so far described, and the first occurring on sandstone.
Fulltext Implementation of data analysis using rasch measurement model for determining the weights of items

M. N. Rashidi, Ara Begum, R., M. Mokhtar, Pereira, J. J.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;2(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

Acquisition of adequate and meaningful research data, as well as the appropriate analysis
is important in ensuring the strategic direction and objectives of the study are well achieved. Data
analysis is an important element in any study. Good data analysis is obtained from the study that is
carefully planned based on an appropriate design, as well as the approach that is used in the process
of analysing the data. The objective of the study to be conducted is to determine the weight of criteria
for sustainable construction. Therefore, the right selection of data analysis is very important to ensure
that the objectives are successfully achieved. This manuscript writing presents the description of the
data analysis used in this study, by applying the Rasch measurement model to meet the objective. In
addition, by using this measurement model, the importance of calibrating the measurement instruments
are also highlighted, which involves separating the misfit raw data through the analysis to ensure
statistically more accurate analytical results. Evaluation of the quality of the technical aspects for each
of the involved item is very important in the measurement model. The analysis will be able to improve the reliability of the items which could indirectly serve the purpose of calibrating the instrument to
ensure a more accurate measurement to produce a meaningful research.
Fulltext Job-demand resources model to explain the relationship among work-family conflict, burnout, social support and turnover intention: a conceptual review

Hamid, R. A., Ungku Ahmad, U. N. K.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):42-53.
MyJurnal

This paper reviews the conceptualization and relationship among work-family conflict,
burnout, social support and turnover intention using Job Demand Resources (JD-R) model. From the
theoretical framework of JD-R model, there is a relationship between job demand and resources that
gives impact to organization outcome. In addition, empirical evidence also shows that a relationship
exists between the above variables. Organization should address proactively how job demand and
resources influence each other that lead to organization outcome. Comprehensive understanding
regarding the above matter gives opportunity for organizations to take reasonable action to ensure
employees well-being and give benefit to the organizations themselves.

MeSH terms: Burnout, Professional; Concept Formation; Health Services; Personnel Turnover; Social Support; Intention; Family Conflict
Fulltext Computational investigations on heat transfer enhancement using nanorefrigerants

Che Sidik, N. A., Adnan Alawi, O.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):35-41.
MyJurnal

Nanofluid has become one of the interesting topics for engineers working for decades to
develop more efficient heat transfer in different applications. Nanorefrigerant, as a combination of
nanoparticles and refrigerant, is a new concept that has been recently investigated by number of
researchers. Electricity consumption usually varies from one sector to another. Generally, residential
sector is one of the biggest electricity consumers in Malaysia. Based on the literature, 26.3% of
electricity consumption in the residential sector in Malaysia is allocated to refrigerator–freezers.
Fulltext The conduct of structured interviews as research implementation method

Nor Rashidi, M., Mokhtar, M., Pereira, J. J., Begum, R. Ara

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):28-34.
MyJurnal

Selection of a suitable and appropriate method is an important aspect in ensuring successful
implementation of a research. The proposed study aims to obtain weights for sustainable construction
criteria from the input and perception of industrial practitioner, and also to explore their opinion on
the criteria. Therefore, the selection and use of study implementation method will determine the
direction of the study whether the intended objectives can be achieved. This manuscript writing presents
the description of the structured interview used to obtain and collect the required data. The suitability
and implementation of the methods have been described in this study, in which the ultimate aim of its
application is to ensure that the collected data is meaningful to the study.

MeSH terms: Data Collection; Industry; Research; Writing
Fulltext Implementation of content analysis as research methodology for identifying criteria for sustainable construction

Rashidi, M. N., Begum, R. Ara, Mokhtar, M., Pereir, J. J.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):18-27.
MyJurnal

Research implementation methodology is an important element in any study. Good data
are obtained from the study that is carefully planned based on an appropriate design, as well as the
approach that is used in the process of obtaining the data. The main objective of the proposed study is
to identify criteria for sustainable construction. Therefore, the right selection of study design and
implementation methodology is very important to ensure that the objectives are successfully achieved.
This manuscript writing presents the description of the design and implementation methodology used
in this study, namely content analysis, to meet the objective. Justification for the selected method to
achieve the objectives of the study is also discussed.

MeSH terms: Movement; Research Design; Writing
Fulltext Preliminary study on the wind flow and pollutant dispersion in an idealized street canyon

Muhammad Yazid, A. W., Mohamed Salim, S., Nor Azwadi, C. S., Mansor, S.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):1-17.
MyJurnal

This article describes the approach towards a sensitivity study of wind flow and pollutant
dispersion in an idealized street canyon with tree plantings under thermal atmospheric conditions
using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, validation studies were performed to determine the
best turbulence model for the simulation of wind flow under thermal atmospheric conditions against
the previous experimental wind tunnel data. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that
large eddy simulation (LES) can accurately predict the wind flow structure at different thermal
intensities and different locations of heated wall. Finally, detailed descriptions of future research are
presented at the end of this article.
Fulltext Anticoagulation management of atrial fibrillation: the relationship of prevailing adherence to a dose protocol and recall schedule on TTR in primary care

Nantha YS

Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol, 2014 Sep 22;1:2333392814552524.
PMID: 28462246 DOI: 10.1177/2333392814552524

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevailing level of adherence to a dosing algorithm and a recall schedule and its relationship with the time in therapeutic range (TTR) among patients with atrial fibrillation.
METHODS: The study was carried out at a regional primary care clinic in Malaysia. Patients on anticoagulation therapy aged older than 18 years were included in the study. The participants have received continuation of their anticoagulation therapy at the primary care clinic for at least 6 months to 1 year after being discharged from a tertiary center. Correlation and multiple regression studies were performed to determine the significance of the predictors of TTR.
RESULTS: A majority (217) of patients with atrial fibrillation received anticoagulation therapy at the clinic followed by patients with mitral valve replacement and aortic valve replacement. The mean TTR for patients with atrial fibrillation was 57.6%. General practitioners (GPs) adhered to 75.5% of the dose protocol but fared poorly in adhering to the recall schedule (36.2%). The concordance to the dose algorithm and recall schedule were significantly related to TTR. Multiple regression analysis proved that the concordance to the dose algorithm and recall schedule were important predictors of the level of TTR in patients with atrial fibrillation.
DISCUSSION: The study provides preliminary evidence on the relationship between a validated dose algorithm that is integrated with a recall schedule in the control of TTR in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation treatment. A larger multicenter study is needed to confirm the results of this finding.
Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

MeSH terms: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anticoagulants*; Atrial Fibrillation*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Malaysia
Fulltext Development of conceptual framework to understand factors associated with return to work among cancer survivors: a systematic review

Chow SL, Ting AS, Su TT

Iran J Public Health, 2014 Apr;43(4):391-405.
PMID: 28435811

This systematic review was conducted to develop a conceptual framework that addresses various factors associated with return to work among cancer survivors. Databases Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed and ScienceDirect were systematically searched using medical subject headings [MeSH] for studies published in English from 1990 to 2013. Studies that described adult cancer patients' self-reported data or patients' point of view on factors associated with return to work or employment status following cancer diagnosis were included. Articles selection was conducted in three steps: selection based on title and abstract, retrieval of full text and additions of articles from reference lists and recommendations from experts. Disagreement in data extraction was solved by consultation of third reviewer. Out of twenty seven articles, breast cancer was the most studied type of cancer (30%) while colorectal cancer was studied independently in two articles (7.4%). Conceptual framework on return to work identifies factors under environmental, personal, work demand, work ability, health status and financial factors. Extensive search of scientific databases over last 24 years and the development of the conceptual frame-work are the strength of this review. Conceptual framework reveals the various factors including non-medical factors associated with return to work upon cancer diagnosis. It serves as a reminder to the policy makers to focus on modifiable factors as potential areas for intervention to assist cancer survivors return to work, especially those with little financial assistance and health insurance.

MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel; Adult; Health Status; Humans; Insurance, Health; Referral and Consultation; Work Capacity Evaluation; Colorectal Neoplasms; MEDLINE; PubMed; Self Report; Return to Work
Fulltext University of malaya dental students’ perception on competency based test

NA, Arbi, Mohd Zulkiflee AH, MA, Gonzalez

Ann Dent, 2014;21(2):27-36.
MyJurnal

This study was undertaken to explore the perception of Year IV and Year V University of Malaya dental
students on different domains related to the competency based test (CBT). Methodology: A questionnaire
was constructed and a survey conducted to explore the students’ perception on four domains related to
the competency test: 1) benefits, 2) readiness to take, 3) timing and 4) lecturers’ supervision. Results: In
general, majority of the students agreed that they benefited from the competency test and felt adequately
prepared for each test. Students’ agreeing on feeling confident to sit for each test ranged from 70.0%-
81.4% for Year IV and 45.1%-70.4% for Year V. Majority of Year IV and Year V students perceived that
the timing of each competency test was ‘just right’. There was a high response of ‘Strongly agree/agree’
to availability of patients for practice and assessment, self-confidence and amount and distribution of
clinical session as factors affecting when they take the CBT. Majority of Year IV students agreed that the
assessment of lecturers was consistent for each tests while Year V had a high percentage of ‘Neutral’
response. Students’ agreeing that there was feedback after the test was 52.9%-71.4% for Year IV and
31.0%-56.5% for Year V. ‘Strongly agree/agree’ response of 68.6%-75.0% for Year IV and 36.6%-52.1%
for Year V was recorded for the level of supervision being the same after passing the test. Conclusion:
Overall, majority of students gave positive perception towards CBT in relation to four main domains
explored in this reseThis study was undertaken to explore the perception of Year IV and Year V University of Malaya dental
students on different domains related to the competency based test (CBT). Methodology: A questionnaire
was constructed and a survey conducted to explore the students’ perception on four domains related to
the competency test: 1) benefits, 2) readiness to take, 3) timing and 4) lecturers’ supervision. Results: In
general, majority of the students agreed that they benefited from the competency test and felt adequately
prepared for each test. Students’ agreeing on feeling confident to sit for each test ranged from 70.0%-
81.4% for Year IV and 45.1%-70.4% for Year V. Majority of Year IV and Year V students perceived that
the timing of each competency test was ‘just right’. There was a high response of ‘Strongly agree/agree’
to availability of patients for practice and assessment, self-confidence and amount and distribution of
clinical session as factors affecting when they take the CBT. Majority of Year IV students agreed that the
assessment of lecturers was consistent for each tests while Year V had a high percentage of ‘Neutral’
response. Students’ agreeing that there was feedback after the test was 52.9%-71.4% for Year IV and
31.0%-56.5% for Year V. ‘Strongly agree/agree’ response of 68.6%-75.0% for Year IV and 36.6%-52.1%
for Year V was recorded for the level of supervision being the same after passing the test. Conclusion:
Overall, majority of students gave positive perception towards CBT in relation to four main domains
explored in this resarch.
Fulltext Genome analysis of streptococcus gordonii sk12

Khairuldin AM, Ibrahim IK, Wakiyuddin SB, Z, Wenning, AO, Lesley, SJ, Nicholas, et al.

Ann Dent, 2014;21(2):17-26.
MyJurnal

The gram-positive, mesophilic and non-motile coccus Streptococcus gordonii is an important causative agent of infective endocarditis (IE). This pioneer species of dental plaque also causes bacteraemia in immune-supressed patients. In this study, we analysed the genome of a representative strain, Streptococcus gordonii SK12 that was originally isolated from the oral cavity. To gain a better understanding of the biology, virulence and phylogeny, of this potentially pathogenic organism, high-throughput Illumina HiSeq technology and different bioinformatics approaches were performed. Genome assembly of SK12 was performed using CLC Genomic Workbench 5.1.5 while RAST annotation revealed the key genomic features. The assembled draft genome of Streptococcus gordonii SK12 consists of 27 contigs, with a genome size of 2,145,851 bp and a G+C content of 40.63%. Phylogenetic inferences have confirmed that SK12 is closely related to the widely studied strain Streptococcus gordonii Challis. Interestingly, we predicted 118 potential virulence genes in SK12 genome which may contribute to bacterial pathogenicity in infective endocarditis. We also discovered an intact prophage which might be recently integrated into the SK12 genome. Examination of genes present in genomic islands revealed that this oral strain
might has potential to acquire new phenotypes/traits including strong defence system, bacitracin
resistance and collateral detergent sensitivity. This detailed analysis of S. gordonii SK12 further improves our understanding of the genetic make-up of S. gordonii as a whole and may help to elucidate how this species is able to transition between living as an oral commensal and potentially causing the lifethreatening condition infective endocarditis.

MeSH terms: Bacitracin; Base Composition; Dental Plaque; Detergents; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Mouth; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Virulence; Bacteremia; Computational Biology; Genomics; Prophages; Genomic Islands; Streptococcus gordonii; Genome Size
Fulltext Recent advances in salivary proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics: a reliable tool in periodontal diagnosis – a review

P, Rajapriya, P, Saravanan, NK, Burnice, KC, Priyanka, S, Shalini, Ramakrishnan

Ann Dent, 2014;21(2):8-16.
MyJurnal

This review intends to provide a highlight on the potential application of salivary proteomics in
periodontal diagnosis and attempts to throw light on the emerging salivary diagnostic tools for periodontal disease detection. Background: Clinical parameters for detection of periodontitis such as probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss provide information on the severity of periodontitis, but they do not measure disease activity. Ideally, development and application of rapid and simple diagnostic tests based on host salivary or immune factors may facilitate early detection of patients at risk for periodontal diseases, allow appropriate intervention, decrease the need for more aggressive treatment and improve the response to periodontal therapy. Results: Studies have shown that saliva could be used as a diagnostic fluid as it is one of the inexpensive, noninvasive and easy-to-use diagnostic methods. Salivary constituents that have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periodontal disease includes locally produced proteins of host and bacterial origin, genetic/genomic biomarkers such as DNA and mRNA of host origin, bacteria and bacterial products, ions, steroid hormones and volatile compounds. Conclusion: Periodontal oral diagnostic devices will enable screening of large populations, more quickly and effectively. Use of salivary biomarkers to sample large populations will help to identify at-risk groups more effectively and increase access to treatment for those most at need, thereby, improving public health.
Fulltext Utility of autofluorescence imaging in the detection of oral mucosal lesions in elderly institutionalised subjects

A, Ramanathan, NA, Rosedee, SA, Edwer, EP, John, K, Palaniswany, Bakar ZA

Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):6-15.
MyJurnal

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly
population is 22.8% to 61.6%. Conventional oral
examination (COE) is usually carried out to detect oral
mucosal lesions (OML). However, new diagnostic aids
have been introduced to improve OML detection. This
study aimed to determine the utility of autofluorescence
(AF) imaging in detecting OML from normal oral mucosa
and its anatomic variation among institutionalised elderly
Malaysian when compared with COE. Fifty subjects
randomly selected from 9 nursing homes and COE and AF
imaging using VELscope Vx, (LED Dental, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada) were carried out. Sensitivity,
specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value
(NPV) and accuracy of AF imaging were calculated.
From the study, fifteen subjects had normal oral mucosa,
15 anatomic variations and 36 lesions were identified.
The sensitivity and specificity of AF imaging were 100%
and 70% whereas the PPV and NPV were 80% and 100%
respectively. The accuracy of AF imaging was 86.37%
when compared to COE. In conclusion AF imaging was
able to detect OML and differentiate them from normal
oral mucosa. However it has limited usefulness in
differentiating between these lesions. This study however,
was able to detail the AF imaging profile of normal oral
mucosa, its normal variants and some common reactive or
infective lesions which can be used in future OML studies
as comparison to oral potentially malignant lesions.
Fulltext Validation of tissue microarray for immunohistochemical analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by using virtual cores

A, Ramanathan, RM, Chong, ZW, Tay, C, Siow-Wee, TG, Kallarakkal, Kassim NLA

Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):16-23.
MyJurnal

There is significant amount of research done
on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One research
technique is immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using
whole sections. With little availability of OSCC tissues
high throughput analysis such as Tissue Microarray
(TMA) are capable of efficient analysis of small samples.
However, the results become questionable if the tumor
exhibits high degree of heterogeneity as TMA cores might
not accurately represent the whole section. Aim: The aim
of this study is to determine the optimal number of TMA
cores required to provide an accurate representation of
the whole section with IHC analysis in OSCC. Materials
and Methods: Twenty tissue samples stained with
anti-p53 antibody were scanned at 40x magnification.
Three to six virtual cores of size 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm and
1.5 mm were drawn on the scanned slides. H-scores
were obtained for both whole sections and cores using
NuclearQuant (3DHistech, Budapest, Hungary) software
after eliminating non-tumour cells and artifacts manually.
The correspondence between the cores and whole sections
were calculated using intra-class correlation and one
sample t-test. Results: Good correlation was obtained
with just a single core of 0.6mm (0.826). Subsequent
increase in core number and size resulted in improved
correlation coefficient and smaller confidence interval.
Conclusion: Three TMA cores of 0.6 mm would be the
most optimal, as not only was there very strong correlation
with the whole tissue section, the extra core will also be
able to act as confirmation if the results of the first 2 cores
are in doubt.
Fulltext Availability of instrument and material in the orthodontic clinic, faculty of dentistry university of malaya- an audit

Ab Rahman N, Wan Hassan WN

Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):24-28.
MyJurnal

The audit aimed to investigate the availability of
orthodontic instruments and materials at Faculty of
Dentistry, University of Malaya. The standard was set as
100% of instruments and materials should be available
when required for orthodontic treatment. The form
comprised of six sections, which listed the commonly
used instruments and materials involved in the procedures
of impression taking, fitting and removal of molar bands,
bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets and
activation of orthodontic appliances. The fifth section listed
the less commonly used instruments and materials and a
part for the clinician to list down instruments that were
used but not listed in the form. Whilst the last section is for
the clinician to list down the instruments or materials that
were not available when requested. A total of 567 forms
were completed and it was found that 97.6% instruments
and 98.6% materials were available. Overall, 22 types of
instruments were temporary not available with frequency
mean of 2.1 (Minimum: 1; Maximum: 7) whilst 6 types of
materials were temporary not available with a frequency
mean of 2.3 (Minimum: 1; Maximum: 8). In conclusion,
majority of the instruments and materials required during
orthodontic clinical sessions were available. The check list
of frequently used orthodontic instruments and materials
from this audit could aid inventory and help future
management of the material and instruments.
Fulltext The effect of different dental adhesive systems on hybrid layer qualities

SH, Ku, YS, Tan, Yahya NA

Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):25-32.
MyJurnal

The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the hybrid
layer form by three different adhesive systems. Class V
cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of fourty
extracted human premolars. The prepared teeth were
randomly assigned into four groups according to the
adhesive system and application mode. The systems
were: Optibond S (OS, total-etch); Optibond Versa (OV,
two-bottles, self-etch); Single Bond Universal (SBU,
one-bottle, self-etch) and Single Bond Universal with
etchant (SBU + etchant). All cavities were restored with
composite (Filtek Z350XT). The samples were sectioned,
polished and pretreated to remove minerals, protein
and water prior to SEM evaluation. From the images,
thickness of the hybrid layers was measured. Present of
resin tags and adaptation failure were also recorded. The
data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnett’s
T3, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. OS group
showed the highest average hybrid layer thickness (4.34
µm), followed by SBU + etchant (3.06 µm), OV (1.91 µm)
and SBU (0.95 µm). Both adhesive and cohesive failures
were observed in SBU group. Present of prominent resin
tags were seen in both OS and OV groups. In conclusion,
all the investigated adhesive systems were able to perform
distinguishable actions as shown in micro-morphological
alteration and hybrid layer thickness. Two-bottles, selfetch
adhesive (OV) was proven to produce negligible
adaptation failure compared to other adhesive systems in
the present study. Combined all-in-one adhesive (SBU)
was found to render a superior bonding performance in
total-etch mode comparing to self-etch mode.

MeSH terms: Adhesives; Analysis of Variance; Bicuspid; Humans; Minerals; Water; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Tooth Preparation; Resin Cements
Fulltext Classical trigeminal neuralgia, purely paroxsymal with vascular compression - a case report

B, Elamathi, R, Vijaya, V, Valliappan, A, Ramanathan

Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):33-37.
MyJurnal

According to the 3rd edition of the international
classification of headache disorders (ICHD3 2013),
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is classified into two types:
1. Classical TN, purely paroxysmal 2. Classical TN
with concomitant persistent facial pain. In this article,
the authors describe a 47 year-old, male with unilateral,
severe, recurring, electric shock-like pain involving left
lower jaw, teeth and gingiva. Diagnosis of classical TN
of the left 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve was made.
The patient was treated with pharmacotherapeutic agents
but without relief. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
of the brain showed medial vascular compression of left
trigeminal pontine root entry zone caused by superior
cerebellar artery. A microvascular decompression (MVD)
surgery was done at the left trigeminal pontine root entry
zone resulting in good relief of pain. This article highlights
the differential diagnoses to be considered with TN and
also emphasize the difference between the two types of
the TN according to ICDH3 (2013). It also highlights the
difference between classical TN purely paroxysmal with
and without vascular compression by imaging techniques
and their differing treatment modalities, which therefore
should be reflected in future ICDH classification.

MeSH terms: Arteries; Brain; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Pain; Gingiva; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Neuralgia; Headache Disorders; Microvascular Decompression Surgery

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