Browse publications by year: 2019

Fulltext Development of Linear Regression Model for tile waste generation in Malaysian construction industry

Siti Hafizan Hassan, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Samsudin Abdul Hamid, Siti Rashidah Mohd Nasir, Suhailah Mohamed Noor

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(2):11-23.
MyJurnal

The effect of unmanageable construction waste is an unstable land settlement and groundwater pollution. In addition to environmental pollution, construction waste could incur construction cost. The most construction waste is the material used at sites and tile is also a part of the waste generated in construction. The objectives of this study are to determine the tile waste generated in construction stages and linear regression analysis for the amount of tile waste generated. The method used in this study was the Linear Regression Model. The regression model established in the sample data reported an R2 value of 0.793; therefore, the model can predict approximately 79.3% of the factor (area) of tile waste generation. The linear regressions can be applied as tools to predict the tile waste generated at construction sites and help the contractor to track the sources of missing waste.

MeSH terms: Environmental Pollution; Family Characteristics; Regression Analysis; Linear Models; Groundwater
Fulltext Smart Costing Kit: game based learning for cost and management accounting

Rafizan Abdul Razak, Eley Suzana Kasim, Dalila Daud

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(2):1-10.
MyJurnal

Cost and management accounting courses are incorporated in the accounting syllabus for both accounting and non-accounting students. One of the challenges in teaching cost and management accounting to the nonaccounting students is the general fear of accounting subject. Notwithstanding, most of the students still viewed accounting as an interesting subject. Hence, the learning problem faced by students needs to be addressed in a fun yet beneficial way. As such, the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using the “Smart Costing Game” as a learning method to overcome this problem. The Smart Costing Game Kit was developed as a learning tool to enable students to correctly classify costs according to certain criteria and subsequently used the cost figures to compute total costs, profit and selling price. Four business settings are chosen consisting of bakery, restaurant, laundry and clinic. At the end of the game activities, the students are required to complete an online survey. Results from the survey demonstrated that the majority of the students agreed that the games were found to be more effective, motivating and engaging than traditional teaching. This implies that students have strong
preferences in the use of educational games that added value to the costing subject. These results support the inclusion of Smart Costing Game as a successful learning strategy in cost and management accounting courses for the non-accounting students.

MeSH terms: Fear; Goals; Humans; Learning; Motivation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Restaurants; Students
Fulltext Effect of sugar beet pectin on oil uptake in fried banana and its acceptability

Siti Suhara Ramli, Aini `Izzati Mohd Rosdi

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):64-75.
MyJurnal

Fried banana is one of the popular local snacks in Malaysia. However, tremendous interest in healthy food has risen among consumers and producers resulting in a rising demand for low-fat foods. Thus, oil uptake needs to be considered during frying since it also affects the flavour, odour
and general organoleptic properties of the food. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of different concentrations of sugar beet pectin in the frying batter of fried banana and introduce the new usage of sugar beet pectin as one of the ingredients in the frying batter. Three different formulations of frying batter were prepared using 1%, 1.5% and 2% of sugar beet pectin (SBP) together with other ingredients including rice flour, water, plain flour, baking powder and salt. The addition of sugar beet pectin improved the characteristic of the batter as well as the fried banana crust. The moisture content of the crust increased about 7.6% when 1.5% SBP (F2) was used in the formulation thereby reducing the oil absorption by 8.5%. The crust crispiness also increased by 16.7% when 1.5% SBP (F2) was added to the frying batter formulation. Batter pick-up value was found highest in F1 (1% SBP) with 8.84% increment as compared to batter with no added hydrocolloids. Addition of SBP in batter formulations significantly increased the batter pick-up value. In terms of acceptability, F1 (1% SBP) was the most preferred by the panellist which was due to the appearance and colour of the fried bananas. All formulations obtained attributes scores higher than six thus were accepted by the panellists.

MeSH terms: Alum Compounds; Calcium Sulfate; Colloids; Color; Flour; Malaysia; Pectins; Oryza; Sensation; Starch; Water; Sodium Bicarbonate; Beta vulgaris; Musa; Snacks
Fulltext Effectiveness of Different high temperatures to control stored-product beetles (different species) on stored rice grain

Normazura Ismail, Nur’Amira Hamid

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):56-63.
MyJurnal

Heat treatment is being chosen to be an alternative to replace the use of methyl bromide. It involved raising and maintaining the temperature in the warehouse or storage of grain between 50°C to 60°C to control the stored product beetles. The duration may vary from 6 hours to 24 hours based on the types of storage, grains and its quantity. The need for alternatives is vital, considering the statutory limit (until the year 2015) for methyl bromide usage other than for phytosanitary purpose, and the likely widespread occurrence of insect resistance to both methyl bromide and phosphine. To note, these have been used in Malaysia for over half a century. Thus, the objective of this study focusses on testing the effectiveness of lethal temperature and duration in controlling the stored product beetles. High temperatures were used ( 30°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C) to decease the stored product beetles which are Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium casteneum, and Oryzaephilus
surinamensis. By using an oven, milled rice with tested beetles were exposed to the heat treatment. Each day, the heat exposures were given for 15 minutes. The number of dead beetles in 6 days exposure and effect on the eating quality of the cooked rice was observed at the end of the treatment. For Sitophilus oryzae, the duration of exposure requires six days of treatment (15 minutes per day) to kill all 25 adults atr the highest temperature (80°C) while theones with the least resistance; Oryzaephilus surinamensis requires 60 minutes. By using an oven, it is recommended that 60°C to 80°C of ,temperatures in 15 minutes of exposure be adopted to ensure the effectiveness against all species in heat treatment. The eating quality of cooked rice in terms of the aroma, stickiness, taste, colour and overall acceptability was not affected from the multiple exposure (3 times) to the heat treatment. Findings from this study indicated heat treatment is a potential replacement for insecticides. However, it is recommended to use high temperature in range of 60°C to 80°C in a short time (within 15 minutes) of exposure. Thus, heat treatment can be used for commercial application rice mill producer to control stored product insects during storage phase and milling process.

MeSH terms: Animals; Color; Hot Temperature; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Insecticides; Malaysia; Phosphines; Oryza; Taste; Temperature; Tribolium; Weevils
Fulltext Modified algorithm for image watermarking using 2D-DCT and Elgamal Cryptosyst

Nur Azien Yazid, Kamilah Abdullah, Suhaila Abd Halim

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):44-55.
MyJurnal

Image watermarking embeds identifying information in an image in such a manner that it cannot easily be removed. For the past several years, image digital watermarking has become a necessary element used for hiding secret image and enabling secured communication such as
privacy, confidentiality, authentication and data integrity. Although numerous watermarking schemes are present in grayscale images, the present work focuses on the RGB color image. This study proposed a new hybrid method that would satisfy the essential needs of modern image watermarking. The color image watermarking is based on the 2D Discrete Cosine Transform and Elgamal cryptosystem. The 2D Discrete Cosine Transform depends on the matrix products, while the Elgamal cryptosystem depends on the discrete logarithm problem. The cryptosystem is combined with existing Arnold transform in watermarking algorithm to enhance the security of secret image. Value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio was taken as performance evaluation parameters. On the whole, the performance evaluation shows that combining the two algorithms improved the performance of image watermarking.

MeSH terms: Algorithms; Communication; Confidentiality; Privacy; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
Fulltext Statistical modelling of awareness on risk factors of gastric cancer : a study on youngsters in Melaka

Izni Syamsina Saari, Nor Adila Kedin, Ainon Syazana Ab Hamid, Mohd Amirul Atan

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):33-43.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, gastric cancer (also known as stomach cancer) is diagnosed at a complex stage and has poor prognosis. Most mortality cases due to gastric cancer diseases are potentially preventable. Thus greater efforts are needed for gastric cancer awareness to give adequate knowledge for Malaysians in order to be more cautious or alert in diagnosing the ailment much earlier. After all, early detection is the key towards improving the survival rate in gastric cancer patients. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the youngsters’ awareness on the risk factors of gastric cancer. A survey using online forms was conducted on 350 students of UiTM Melaka, Alor Gajah Campus, to assess their awareness of risk factors regarding gastric cancer. Based on the regression analysis conducted, it can be highlighted that attitudes, knowledge, medication, education level and faculty (dummy) are some of the variables that were found to be the risk factors of the awareness on gastric cancer among these selected youngsters in the 21st century.

MeSH terms: Attitude; Educational Status; Faculty; Humans; Malaysia; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Students; Survival Rate; Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Evaluation of extraction solvent on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content in Elaeis Guineensis

Wan Zuraida Wan Mohd Zain, Siti Nur Lisha Mohd Ghazali, Samsiah Jusoh

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):25-32.
MyJurnal

Oil palm or Elaeis guineens is a rich natural source of phenolic with flavonoid as the main constituents. These phenolics are potent antioxidants that can be used in the food industry, cosmetics and others. Therefore, the study was aimed to determine the effect of solvents which were methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane also different plant parts which were leaves, frond and fresh fruit bunch toward antioxidant activity (AOA), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid
content (TFC). The antioxidant was analysed using the DPPH method, TPC by Ciocalteu assay and TFC by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. The result from ANOVA indicated that there was a difference (P < 0.05) in the extracting ability of each solvent and different plant parts for AOA, TPC and TFC. Generally, the result suggested that methanol give the highest antioxidant
activity, TPC and TFC compared to ethyl acetate and hexane. Therefore, the solvent used should be selected properly to allow for a high level of extraction efficiency.

MeSH terms: Acetates; Methanol; Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Colorimetry; Cosmetics; Flavonoids; Fruit; Hexanes; Phenols; Solvents; Plant Leaves; Food Industry; Arecaceae
Fulltext The UV spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera

Kathleen J. Jalani, Razuan Hilmi Md Sulji, Hannis Fadzillah Mohsin, Ibtisam Abdul Wahab

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):18-24.
MyJurnal

Aloe vera which is also known as Aloe barbadensis Miller,is a plant that is commonly used for medicinal purposes and as treatments for various health issues. It produces two substances; gel and latex, which are used for commercial household products, halal food and cosmetics. Aloe gel is the clear, jelly-like substance found in the inner part of the Aloe leaf while Aloe’s yellow latex comes from the peel. Aloe vera is able to provide therapeutic effects such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, laxative and antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to
investigate the extracts via spectrophotometry (λ = 200 – 400 nm) and liquid chromatography. After 21 days, the ultraviolet spectra showed the evidence of the water molecules interactions and the hydroxyl groups in hydroalcoholic extracts. Significant peaks were also observed in the chromatograms. Further studies evaluating the stability of A. vera extracts should be carried out.

MeSH terms: Aloe; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Chromatography, Liquid; Cosmetics; Household Products; Latex; Plant Extracts; Spectrophotometry; Water; Wound Healing; Plant Leaves; Laxatives
Fulltext Energy production using solar-powered electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell

Teoh Wei Hern, Samihah Abdullah, Shabinar Abdul Hamid, Solahuddin Yusuf Fadhlullah

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):10-17.
MyJurnal

This study presented the implementation of a small-scale (50 W) solar energy harvesting system coupled with an electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The energy from the solar panel would be utilized by the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas would be used, in turn, by the PEM fuel cell to generate electricity which supports both DC and AC load. Excess energy from the solar panel is also used to charge the lead-acid backup battery. Analysis of the system showed that 400 mL of hydrogen gas could be produced within every 17 minutes in optimal conditions; between 11 am until 4 pm with bright sunlight. For every 400 mL of hydrogen gas, the PEM fuel cell could sustain continuous operation of a 5V 500 mA DC load for 95 seconds. Theoretically, more than 7000 mL of hydrogen gas could be produced within 5 hours in strong sunlight, which could power up a 50 mA and 500 mA load for 4.7 hours and 28 minutes respectively, during evening or night operations. The proposed system could complement the traditional battery-based storage system while remaining as a clean source of energy production.

MeSH terms: Electricity; Electrolysis; Hydrogen; Electric Power Supplies; Protons; Solar Energy; Sunlight
Fulltext Optimisation of glucose templated silica for oil-water separation

Nurul Atiqah Mustaffa, Nur Hafizah Ab Hamid, Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

In this study, glucose is used as a template to manufacture microporosity in silica. Based on this objective, five different molar ratios of glucose (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%) were used for this experiment to maximise its affinity to adsorb oil droplets. The sample has been characterized using
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen Adsorption and UltravioletVisible (UV-Vis) pectroscopy. The adsorption of oil was tested in 1000 ppm oil-water emulsion in order to determine the performance of the templated silica. TGA analysis showed that 550 ̊C is a suitable temperature for material calcination for all the samples. N2 adsorption showed the glucose templated silica (50%) had limited porosity, with a low surface area of 2 m2 /g. This is much lower than non-templated silica which was mesoporous, with an average pore diameter of 2.6 nm and a surface area of 272 m2 /g. Interestingly, despite the low porosity of the templated silica, high oil-water
separations were achieved. This shows that glucose-templated silica is a promising material for oil-water separations.

MeSH terms: Adsorption; Emulsions; Glucose; Goals; Nitrogen; Research Design; Silicon Dioxide; Temperature; Water; Porosity; Physical Phenomena
Fulltext Recurrent transient heading disorientation heralding acute posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarction

Chee YC, Ong BH

BMJ Neurol Open, 2019;1(1):e000009.
PMID: 33681769 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2019-000009

Objective: Heading disorientation is a type of pure topographical disorientation. Reported cases have been very few and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We report an unusual presentation of a 60-year-old man with recurrent transient heading disorientation heralding an acute posterior cerebral artery infarction.
Design: Case report.
Conclusion: Acquired injury to the right retro-splenial region can result in a specific variant of topographical disorientation known as heading disorientation that may present as an atypical transient ischaemic attack-like symptom heralding acute cerebral infarction.

MeSH terms: Brain Ischemia; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Confusion; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stroke; Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
Ovarian and uterine leiomyosarcoma: which one is the primary?

Shafiee MN, Kah Teik C, Md Zain RR, Kampan N

Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2019 Aug 09;41(2).
PMID: 31398145 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0037

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is rare but primary ovarian LMS is even rarer constituting less than 0.1% of all gynecologic disorders. Neither histologic features nor immunohistochemistry could be utilized to distinguish between uterine or ovarian origin. We illustrate a clinical case of metastatic LMS to the ovary in a woman with underlying uterine fibroid presenting with anemia with heavy menses.

MeSH terms: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis*; Leiomyosarcoma/etiology; Leiomyosarcoma/therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Ovarian Neoplasms/etiology; Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Uterine Neoplasms/etiology; Uterine Neoplasms/therapy; Biomarkers; Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis*; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology; Treatment Outcome; Positron-Emission Tomography
Fulltext Leptospira dzianensis and Leptospira putramalaysiae are later heterotypic synonyms of Leptospira yasudae and Leptospira stimsonii

Casanovas-Massana A, Vincent AT, Bourhy P, Neela VK, Veyrier FJ, Picardeau M, et al.

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2019 Jun;71(3).
PMID: 33620308 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004713

Leptospira dzianensis and Leptospira putramalaysiae were recently described as novel species and published almost concurrently with Leptospira yasudae and Leptospira stimsonii. Genome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity of the type strain genomes indicate that L. dzianensis and L. putramalaysiae are conspecific with L. yasudae and L. stimsonii, respectively. Based on the rules of priority, L. dzianensis should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of L. yasudae, and L. putramalaysiae should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of L. stimsonii.
Fulltext Narrowband Array Processing Beamforming Technique for Electrical Impedance Tomography

Chitturi V, Farrukh N

J Electr Bioimpedance, 2019 Jan;10(1):96-102.
PMID: 33584889 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2019-0014

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has a large potential as a two dimensional imaging technique and is gaining attention among researchers across various fields of engineering. Beamforming techniques stem from the array signal processing field and is used for spatial filtering of array data to evaluate the location of objects. In this work the circular electrodes are treated as an array of sensors and beamforming technique is used to localize the object(s) in an electrical field. The conductivity distributions within a test tank is obtained by an EIT system in terms of electrode voltages. These voltages are then interpolated using elliptic partial differential equations. Finally, a narrowband beamformer detects the peak in the output response signal to localize the test object(s). Test results show that the beamforming technique can be used as a secondary method that may provide complementary information about accurate position of the test object(s) using an eight electrode EIT system. This method could possibly open new avenues for spatial EIT data filtering techniques with an understanding that the inverse problem is more likely considered here as a source localization algorithm instead as an image reconstruction algorithm.

MeSH terms: Algorithms; Attention; Electrodes; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Electric Impedance
Fulltext Learning parts of speech using poems

Syed,A,B,S,S,, Rahim,M, I,, Zainal,A,Dz,

Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2019;1(1):33-42.
MyJurnal

ABSTRACT
Many language learners face difficulties in applying and using the parts
of speech in a given situation. It has become a challenge for teachers to
navigate a grammar lesson in a creative way that can help learners to
understand and apply the concepts most appropriately. Thus, POS-UP
designed as a supplementary teaching tool to allow language learners to
practice using the most suitable parts of speech in a sentence. Targeted at
English language learners, POS-UP is a game which provides players with
the opportunity to learn details of a lesson using poems written by local
poets. In this game, language learners must complete a poem by using
words with the correct parts of speech. In making sure that this game reaches
its objectives and fulfils the needs of the students, a survey was carried out
to find out the perceptions of English language learners towards POS-UP.
The result shows that learners who play this game find it enjoyable and
helpful in enhancing their understanding of parts of speech. It is hoped
that POS-UP will be a useful supplementary teaching tool for teachers in
the classroom. It is also expected that students will build an appreciation
towards poems written by local poets.

MeSH terms: Humans; Language; Language Development; Learning; Linguistics; Perception; Surveys and Questionnaires; Speech; Students; Comprehension
Fulltext The development of friendship instrument in chemistry and engagement of school of quantitative sciences in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) students

Nurul Izzati Binti Hasnun, Nurul Aziera Binti Zainol Abidin, Nurhana Binti Roslan, Mohamad Shukri Bin Abdul Hamid

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):85-112.
MyJurnal

Friendship is a topic that should be emphasized and studied, and it can be positive or negative. There are many forms of friendship that can be termed, but it may also differ from one's perspective and certain characteristics of a person. The value of friendship is very important to study in order to know the level of our friendships. In college student development, peer influence can also influence student engagement in engaging in their college activities. It can be seen in terms of involvement in sports activities, curriculum activities and more. The main purpose of this study was to develop of Friendship instrument in chemistry and engagement of SQS UUM students and find the relationships between genders with chemistry and engagement. Using Factor Analysis in order to develop valid and reliable of the friendship Instrument based on chemistry and engagement. In order to study the validity of the data, face validity was used before the instrument was distributed in which the pilot study was conducted. To determine which factor is best, the analysis uses varimax rotation and selects which component is best and meets the criteria. Normality test was used to find the data was normal or nonnormal. Spearman Correlation and Chi Square Test method used in the non-normal data to find the relationship of selected variables.

MeSH terms: Peer Influence; Curriculum; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Fibrinogen; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Pilot Projects; Rotation; Students; Universities; Reproducibility of Results; Chi-Square Distribution; Friends
Fulltext The influence of program management on social interaction in the Sabah state curriculum outdoor education program

Suhairullah Bin Omar Ramih, Ambrews Andau, Roslee Bin Talip, Muhamad Suhaimi Bin Taat

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):75-84.
MyJurnal

This study looks at the impact on program management on social interaction in outdoor education programs at Sabah Co-Curriculum Center. This quantitative study uses questionnaire instruments. A total of 113 respondents were involved in the west coast of Sabah. The findings show that mean scores for program management and social interaction levels are high. While the correlation results showed a significant but modest positive relationship (r = 0.469 , k

MeSH terms: Curriculum; Educational Status; Malaysia; Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext Teknik peer instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah: kekekalan kemahiran pemikiran kritikal?

M. Kaviza

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):61-74.
MyJurnal

Kajian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesan teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah terhadap kekekalan kemahiran berfikir kritikal. Seramai 25 orang murid Tingkatan Empat melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen ujian pemikiran kritikal yang diadaptasi yang telah disahkan pakar penilai dan mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik merupakan instrumen kajian ini. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara inferensi iaitu ujian ANOVA Satu Hala dengan pengukuran berulang melalui perisian IBM SPSS. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah adalah berkesan terhadap kekekalan kemahiran berfikir kritikal dalam kalangan murid. Implikasi kajian ini telah mencadangkan kepada guru-guru Sejarah pada semua peringkat persekolahan untuk melaksanakan teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah untuk memupuk kemahiran berfikir kritikal yang beterusan dalam kalangan murid.

MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Muridae; Spiders; HIV Integrase Inhibitors
Fulltext Elemen meneroka bukti dalam pembelajaran sejarah menggunakan sumber dokumen teks

Siti Kisni Kisson, Christina Peter Ligadu

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):54-60.
MyJurnal

Pembelajaran Sejarah dengan sumber dokumen teks di sekolah menengah atas telah dikaji. Tiga sumber dokumen teks dengan tajuk, “Perjuangan Mat Salleh menentang pendudukan British di Sabah”, dianalisis menggunakan Model Pemikiran Sejarah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes kolektif. Empat belas pelajar dari 2 buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian di Sabah menjadi sampel kajian. Kaedah pengumpulan data kualitatif adalah melalui kaedah pemerhatian, temu bual kumpulan berfokus dan analisis dokumen. Didapati semua pelajar dapat membina Kemahiran Pemikiran Sejarah (KPS) dengan elemen meneroka bukti. Analisis data menunjukkan pelajar-pelajar membina elemen meneroka bukti dengan; mengemukakan pelbagai pendapat tentang penulis dokumen teks berdasarkan bukti, meneroka kebenaran bukti sejarah seperti sejarawan, mengenalpasti lokasi dan tempat perjuangan pemimpin tempatan, serta mempelajari peristiwa sejarah tempatan dengan pengesahan bukti sejarah.

MeSH terms: Ataxia Telangiectasia; Ethnic Groups; Humans; Malaysia; Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Fulltext Healthy lifestyle among school of quantitative sciences lecturers, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)

Maryam Rukayyah Al-Munirah Binti Ayob, Mohamad Shukri Bin Abdul Hamid, Faezzah Binti Mohd Daud, Ong Yi Sean

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):39-44.
MyJurnal

The role of individual healthy behaviors like physical activity, nutrition and stress management on reduction of rate of disease mortality and morbidity is well known. The aim of this study is to determine healthy lifestyle in lecturers employed in School of Quantitative Sciences, University Utara Malaysia, in 2019. Materials and Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 66 lecturers in School of Quantitative Sciences, selected via random sampling method. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire including demographic healthy lifestyle questions. Analysis of the data was performed through Software Statistical Analysis System Enterprise Guide (SAS EG) version 7.1. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 42.68 ± 1.37 years and, BMI mean was 24.13 ± 0.86. 92.42% of them were married and 7.58% also were single. Conclusion: According to the results, planning for lecturers in School of Quantitative Sciences for receiving information about healthy lifestyle on weight control and nutrition are important.

MeSH terms: Adult; Biometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Humans; Malaysia; Morbidity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Software; Universities; Health Behavior; Exercise; Body Mass Index; Healthy Lifestyle

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