Browse publications by year: 2021

  1. Sanmugasiva V, Hamid MTR, Fadzli F, Ab Mumin N, Rahmat K
    Curr Med Imaging, 2021 Oct 04.
    PMID: 34607549 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666211004114041
    INTRODUCTION: Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy that constitutes < 5% of all breast cancers. There are 5 subtypes which are spindle cell, squamous cell, carcinosarcoma, matrix-producing and metaplastic with osteoclastic giant cells. Spindle cell carcinoma represents approximately <0.3% of invasive breast carcinomas. It is typically a triple-negative cancer with distinct pathological characteristics, but relatively a non-conclusive imaging findings.

    CASE REPORT: An elderly lady presented with an enlarging painful left breast lump for 1 year. Palpable left breast lump noted on clinical examination. Mammography demonstrated a high density, oval lesion with a partially indistinct margin. Corresponding ultrasound showed a large irregular heterogeneous lesion with solid-cystic areas. Histopathology showed atypical spindle-shaped cells which stained positive for cytokeratins and negative for hormone and human epidermal growth factor receptors, which favours spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma. Left mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed, and the final diagnosis was consistent with metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma.

    CONCLUSION: Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare aggressive histological type of carcinoma which may present with benign features on imaging. Tissue diagnosis is essential for prompt diagnosis with multidisciplinary team discussion to guide management and improve patient's outcome.

  2. Keng SL, Mohd Salleh Sahimi HB, Chan LF, Woon L, Eu CL, Sim SH, et al.
    BMC Psychiatry, 2021 10 04;21(1):486.
    PMID: 34607589 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03500-y
    AIM/BACKGROUND: Even though dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has received substantial empirical support in treating patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), fewer studies have evaluated whether a brief DBT skills group may be effective in improving clinical outcomes in this population. Further, less is known regarding the feasibility and outcomes of DBT beyond Euro-American contexts. This paper describes outcomes from a pilot study examining the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes following completion of a shortened, 14-week DBT skills group in a sample of Muslim-majority BPD patients in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Twenty patients were recruited from a public hospital and attended DBT skills groups in an outpatient clinic. Participants completed measures assessing psychological symptoms, self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, emotion regulation difficulties, self-compassion, and well-being pre- and post-intervention.

    RESULTS: There were significant reductions in depressive symptoms, stress, and emotion regulation difficulties, as well as increases in self-compassion and well-being from pre- to post-intervention. A trend was found for decreases in frequency and types of non-suicidal self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, and anxiety symptoms. Qualitative content analyses of participants' feedback indicated that the vast majority of participants perceived a positive impact from the skills group, with mindfulness and distress tolerance being rated frequently as skills that were beneficial.

    CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that DBT skills training is feasible and acceptable in a Muslim-majority, low resource clinical setting, and holds promise in improving clinical outcomes among BPD patients in Malaysia.

    MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Malaysia; Pilot Projects; Treatment Outcome
  3. Tou TY, Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem, 2021 Oct 01;77(Pt 10):586-590.
    PMID: 34607980 DOI: 10.1107/S2053229621009293
    The present report lists selected publications on centrosymmetric compounds that manifest second harmonic generation responses in a laser, along with a few publications that dispute the laser outcomes. Two studies provide a plausible explanation for this apparent contradiction between second-order nonlinear susceptibility and inversion symmetry: the crystals are noncentrosymmetric and are twinned by inversion. If crystal structures of SHG-active compounds are presented in centrosymmetric settings, the authors of the publications may consider stipulating that the true space group is likely to be one of the noncentrosymmetric sub-space groups.
  4. Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem, 2021 Oct 01;77(Pt 10):610-614.
    PMID: 34607983 DOI: 10.1107/S205322962100886X
    Tris(diethyldithiocarbamato-κS)antimony(III), [Sb(C5H10NS2)3], is tentatively presumed to comprise a triclinic and a monoclinic polymorph intergrown into each other. The geometry in the triclinic phase is a ψ-capped octahedron and that in the monoclinic phase is a ψ-pentagonal bipyramid. The study also identifies the polyhedral symbols for a reported pair of polymorphs of another SbIII coordination compound, as well as for those of published polymorphic modifications of other BiIII and PbII coordination compounds; the symbols in the pair differ in most of these examples. When differentiating related structures of such classes of coordination compounds, lone-pair stereochemistry may be another informative variable, as stereochemical activity is not always apparent from bond distances and angles only.
  5. Mohd-Agos S, Mohd-Husin N, Zakariah MI, Yusoff NAH, Wahab W, Jones JB, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):387-395.
    PMID: 34608112 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.064
    This study was carried out in order to identify acanthocephalan species complexes, based on morphological variability, infecting Barbonymus schwanenfeldii from Lake Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia. Acanthocephala were fixed in ethanol, stained with aceto-carmine and studied morphologically by using a light microscope. Variation in morphological traits such as proboscis, proboscis receptacle, egg, testes shape and location, number of hooks and cement gland has been traditionally used to diagnose the acanthocephalans species but the delimitations between closely related species are still confusing and are always questionable among taxonomists. Molecular analysis was used for support the identification. Morphological variability prospecting reveals the presence of three different new species complexes from the subgenus Acanthosentis by referring published taxonomic keys. These new species may be distinguished from the other 46 described species of Acanthosentis by having six unique structures: the presence of an anterior parareceptacle structure (PRS); vaginal sleeve structure; a paired lateral, cone-shaped, muscular jacket surrounding the vagina; alternating pattern and size of proboscis hooks, variation in proboscis size and shape; the presence of the circular collar ring around the neck between the proboscis and trunk and lastly the presence of a muscular-like structure attached to the collar ring on the proboscis. These acanthocephalans found in the intestine of B. schwanenfeldii in Kenyir Lake Malaysia represent new species, named Acanthogyrus ( Acanthosentis) kenyirensis n.sp., A. ( A.) terengganuensis n.sp. and A. ( A.) tembatensis n. sp.
  6. Phung NTN, Vo DM, Le TN, Doan TT
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):396-402.
    PMID: 34608113 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.076
    Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a potentially critical and life-threatening concern, especially in children of tropical countries. The serum cortisol levels in severe DSS or later stages of DSS are limited references. We prospectively studied an association between of serum cortisol as well as interleukin levels and the severity of DSS in pediatric patients. A prospective cross-sectional study of 35 consecutive DSS cases (3 months to 16 years old) admitted to our institution from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020 was conducted. Serum cortisol, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured at T0 (shock recognition) and T12 (12 hours after T0); their values were presented as median and interquartile ranges (25%-75%). Severe DSS included patients with impalpable pulses or systolic blood pressure < 70 mmHg, recurrent shock, and prolonged shock. In contrast, non-severe DSS presented circulatory failure without any features of severe DSS. A total of 8 (22.8%) severe DSS patients expressed the cortisol (T0) significantly lower compared to the non-severe DSS group (7.3 μg/dl versus 14.3 μg/dl, p=0.008). In severe DSS, there was a minimal change in cortisol levels between T0 and T12 (7.3 μg/dl and 4.7 μg/dl p>0.05), whereas the decrease is significant in their counterparts (14.3 μg/dl to 5.6 μg/dl, p<0.005). Additionally, there were moderate correlations between IL-6 (T0), IL-10 (T0), IL-10 (T12) and total fluid requirement (Spearman's rho = 0.47, 0.4, and 0.36, respectively; p<0.05). Our study demonstrated that adrenal dysfunction was present in patients with severe and non-severe DSS, as noted by cortisol level at T12. In addition, IL-6 and IL-10 levels are correlated with the total fluid requirement, which is a marker of DSS severity. Further studies could reveal how adrenal dysfunction in pediatric patients with DSS can affect outcomes and the potential roles of interleukin levels in fluid management strategy.
  7. Takaoka H, Low VL, Huang YT, Fukuda M, Ya'cob Z
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):403-412.
    PMID: 34608114 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.081
    Simulium ( Simulium) rufibasis Brunetti originally described from India was once considered a geographic generalist widely distributed in the Oriental Region. In this study, the species previously regarded as S. (S.) rufibasis in Taiwan was morphologically re-evaluated and found to be distinguished in the male and pupa from true S. (S.) rufibasis from India. This new species is described as S. ( S.) hehuanense sp. nov. based on a female, a male and their pupal exuviae in Taiwan. This new species is placed in the S. rufibasis subgroup of the S. tuberosum species-group, and is similar to S. (S.) yamatoense Takaoka, Adler & Fukuda from Japan and Korea, but it is barely distinguished by the slenderer forebasitarsi of the female and male. Another new, related species, S. (S.) xiulinense sp. nov., is described based on a male and its pupal exuviae. This new species is distinguished from S. (S.) hehuanense sp. nov. by the number of male upper-eye (large) facets in 20 or 21 vertical columns and 22 horizontal rows (19 vertical columns and 19 horizontal rows in the latter species), and presence of a pair of dorsolateral shiny spots on male abdominal segment 5 (absence in the latter species). Both new species inhabit streams at high elevations (ca, 2,600 m). They differ from S. (S.) sp. (probably S. (S.) arisanum Shiraki) from Taiwan, of the same subgroup, which breeds in streams at low elevations (433-685 m), by the pupal head and thorax covered with tubercles (bare in the latter species).
  8. Nawaz Z, Shafique M, Zahoor MA, Siddique AB, Ali S, Arshad R, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):413-419.
    PMID: 34608115 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.084
    Human brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic problem worldwide with a high degree of morbidity in humans and is mostly overlooked due to other febrile conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis among subjects living in Punjab, Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, human blood samples were collected from seven districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Information regarding personal data, demographic data and potential risk factors was collected through a structured questionnaire. Detection of anti-Brucella antibodies was done through Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Descriptive analysis, Chi square test and Odds ratio was applied using STATA software version 12. The sero-prevalence of human brucellosis was 13.13% with significantly higher percentage in males 17.23% and age group 25-40 years 16.50% (P=< 0.001). The demographic factors positively associated with human brucellosis were lack of education (P = 0.003; OR = 1.85) and farming as an occupation (P =<0.001; OR = 2.50) Similarly, among the risk factors studied, keeping animals at home (P =<0.001; OR = 2.03), slaughtering of animals (P =<0.001; OR = 15.87) and consuming raw milk (P =<0.001; OR = 5.42) were the factors strongly connected with human brucellosis. A massive awareness should be given to livestock farmers and individuals directly linked to animals regarding risk factors and transmission of brucellosis. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and its products should be condemned to curtail this neglected disease.
  9. Sun XY, Ma KN, Bai Y, Liu RD, Long SR, Zhang X, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):420-434.
    PMID: 34608116 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.085
    Trichinellosis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease worldwide and is principally caused by ingesting animal meat containing Trichinella infective larvae. Aspartyl aminopeptidase is an intracytoplasmic metalloproteinase that specifically hydrolyzes the N-terminus of polypeptides free of acidic amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamate), and plays an important role in the metabolism, growth and development of organisms. In this study, a novel T. spiralis aspartyl aminopeptidase (TsAAP) was cloned and expressed, and its biological properties and roles in worm growth and development were investigated. The results revealed that TsAAP transcription and expression in diverse T. spiralis stages were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and primarily localized at cuticle, stichosome and intrauterine embryos of this nematode by immunofluorescence test. rTsAAP has the enzymatic activity of native AAP to hydrolyze the substrate H-Glu-pNA. There was a specific binding between rTsAAP and murine erythrocyte, and the binding site was localized in erythrocyte membrane proteins. Silencing of TsAAP gene by specific dsRNA significantly reduced the TsAAP expression, enzymatic activity, intestinal worm burdens and female fecundity. The results demonstrated that TsAAP participates in the growth, development and fecundity of T. spiralis and it might be a potential target molecule for anti-Trichinella vaccines.
  10. Yew MMT, Lip JQ, Ling APK
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):435-445.
    PMID: 34608117 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.086
    Ever since the first reported case series on SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological manifestation in Wuhan, China in April 2020, various studies reporting similar as well as diverse symptoms of COVID-19 infection relating to the nervous system were published. Since then, scientists started to uncover the mechanism as well as pathophysiological impacts it has on the current understanding of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor which is present in certain parts of the body which are responsible for regulating blood pressure and inflammation in a healthy system. Presence of the receptor in the nasal and oral cavity, brain, and blood allows entry of the virus into the body and cause neurological complications. The peripheral and central nervous system could also be invaded directly in the neurogenic or hematogenous pathways, or indirectly through overstimulation of the immune system by cytokines which may lead to autoimmune diseases. Other neurological implications such as hypoxia, anosmia, dysgeusia, meningitis, encephalitis, and seizures are important symptoms presented clinically in COVID-19 patients with or without the common symptoms of the disease. Further, patients with higher severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are also at risk of retaining some neurological complications in the long-run. Treatment of such severe hyperinflammatory conditions will also be discussed, as well as the risks they may pose to the progression of the disease. For this review, articles pertaining information on the neurological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection were gathered from PubMed and Google Scholar using the search keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", and "neurological dysfunction". The findings of the search were filtered, and relevant information were included.
    MeSH terms: Central Nervous System/pathology*; Central Nervous System/virology; Dysgeusia/virology; Humans; Meningitis, Viral/virology; Nervous System Diseases/pathology; Nervous System Diseases/virology*; Seizures/virology; Peripheral Nervous System/pathology*; Peripheral Nervous System/virology; Encephalitis, Viral/virology
  11. Rodzay R, Zuharah WF
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):446-452.
    PMID: 34608118 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.087
    Inundated with escalating dengue outbreaks, there is an urgent call to find alternate potential vector control methods as the currently employed method fails to curb the expanding of dengue virus transmission in Malaysia. Supported by this aim, we are interested in exploiting the potential of Ipomoea cairica leaves extract towards primary and secondary vectors of dengue fever, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. To assess the effectiveness of this plant extracts towards Aedes larvae, we carried out two complementary analyses. First, we observed the comparative effectiveness of larvicidal activity I. cairica extract against the laboratory and field strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Then, we determined the effective lethal dose of this plant extract against Aedes larvae using log-probit regression analysis of the SPSS 20.0 programme. Results from bioassay demonstrated that I. cairica leaves extract was highly effective to induce larvicidal mortality of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti within 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. Results from the factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) also indicated that there were significant differences in larvicidal activity between species and strains used (P<0.05). It is interesting to notify that the sequence of effectiveness for the larvicidal activities of I. cairica acethonilic leaves extract is in the manner; Ae. albopictus field strain > Ae. aegypti laboratory strain > Ae. aegypti field strain > Ae. albopictus laboratory strain. The I. cairica leaves extract displayed high larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus as compared to Ae. aegypti. This is the first evaluation involving the comparison of I. cairica leaves extract effects for the laboratory strain and field strain of Ae. albopictus and Ae. Aegypti.
  12. Pengiran H, Kamaldin J, Leo BF, Ahmad H
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):453-461.
    PMID: 34608119 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.088
    Larviciding is an effective control method in managing mosquito-borne diseases. However, most of the current larvicide formulations have raised environmental concerns due to the presence of non-biodegradable inert or carrier materials. Therefore, the utilisation of biodegradable natural cellulosic fibres has created much attention. This study aims to evaluate the application of biodegradable kenaf cellulose nanofibre (KCNF) in larvicide formulation where the larvicide, namely temephos, is impregnated onto the fibre matrix (KCNF+T). The bioefficacy of the formulation was evaluated against Aedes aegypti ( A. aegypti) mosquito larvae. The presence of the temephos on the KCNF was evaluated through micro- morphological analysis using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), while the quantity of temephos impregnated, released, and retained on the fibres upon dispersion in water were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was observed that 97% of the temephos (0.1 mg) were impregnated on the KCNF. Upon dispersion in water, 53% of the temephos were released from the KCNF+T and the retention of temephos on the KCNF+T gradually decreased to 30%, 17%, and 7% on the first, third, and fifth month, respectively. Exposure of the A. aegypti larvae to the KCNF+T at concentrations ranging between 0.006 to 0.01 mg/L was effective in killing A. aegypti larvae at 17-25 folds as compared to using the temephos without KCNF. Microscopic examination revealed the accumulation of the KCNF on the larval appendages. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the utilisation of KCNF in pesticide formulation is an effective way of delivering the temephos to control A. aegypti mosquito larva.
  13. Rajendiran S, Thahir SSA, Veloo Y, Suppiah J, Pahrol MA, Shakor ASA, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):462-468.
    PMID: 34608120 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.089
    COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide. The role of fomites in facilitating onward transmission is plausible. This study aimed to determine the presence of viable virus and its persistence on the surfaces of fomites in wards treating COVID-19 patients in Malaysia. This study was conducted in two stages. First, environmental sampling was performed on random days in the intensive care unit (ICU) and general wards. Then, in the second stage, samples were collected serially on alternate days for 7 days in two selected general wards. In Stage 1, a total of 104 samples were collected from the surfaces of highly touched and used areas by patients and healthcare workers. Only three samples were tested positive for SARS-COV-2. In Stage 2, three surface samples were detected positive, but no persistence of the virus was observed. However, none of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was viable through tissue culture. Overall, the environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 was low in this hospital setting. Hospitals' strict infection control and the compliance of patients with wearing masks may have played a role in these findings, suggesting adherence to those measures to reduce occupational exposure of COVID-19 in hospital settings.
    MeSH terms: Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data*; Equipment Contamination; Hospitals/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data; Malaysia; Patients' Rooms/statistics & numerical data; Infection Control/methods*; Fomites/virology*
  14. Oon YN, Chen RJ, Kuan JM, Sit NW
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):469-475.
    PMID: 34608121 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.090
    Medicinal plants are a potential source of new antifungal agents to combat the development of drug-resistant fungi. This study aims to investigate the aerial parts of Alternanthera sessilis (Amaranthaceae) and Ipomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae), and the leaves of Catunaregam spinosa (Rubiaceae) and Tradescantia spathacea (Commelinaceae) for antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. The plant materials were extracted sequentially using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The antifungal activity was evaluated against four species of yeasts and two species of filamentous fungi using a colorimetric broth microdilution method. The toxicity of the extracts was assessed using African monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. All 24 extracts from the four medicinal plants showed inhibitory activity against all fungal species, except Aspergillus fumigatus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 0.04-2.50 mg/mL. The antifungal activity of these plants was more prominent on the yeasts than the filamentous fungi. Generally, the less polar extracts (hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of the plants had stronger antifungal activity than the more polar extracts (ethanol, methanol, and water). In contrast, toxicity assessment revealed that the less polar extracts showed relatively higher toxicity towards the Vero cells than the more polar extracts. The lowest median cytotoxic concentration was shown by the chloroform extract of A. sessilis (17.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL). All water extracts, the methanol extract of I. aquatica, and the ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol extracts of T. spathacea did not show significant toxicity (P>0.05) towards the Vero cells. The results suggested that Tradescantia spathacea has the most promising potential for pharmaceutical developments due to its broad spectrum and selective activity against human fungal pathogens.
  15. Rohizat NS, Ripain AHA, Lim CS, Tan CL, Zakaria R
    Sci Rep, 2021 Oct 04;11(1):19688.
    PMID: 34608217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99189-w
    Hybrids plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and unique 2D graphene significantly enhanced the photoresponse of the photodetectors. The metallic NPs that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) improves strong light absorption, scattering and localized electromagnetic field by the incident photons depending on the optimum condition of NPs. We report high-performance photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) integrated with monometallic of Au and Ag nanoparticles via a familiar fabrication technique using an electron beam evaporation machine. Under 680 nm illumination of light, our rGO photodetector exhibited the highest performance for Au-rGO with the highest responsivity of 67.46 AW-1 and the highest specific detectivity (2.39 × 1013 Jones). Meanwhile, Ag-rGO achieved the highest responsivity of 17.23 AW-1, specific detectivity (7.17 × 1011 Jones) at 785 nm. The response time are 0.146 µs and 0.135 µs for Au-rGO and Ag-rGO respectively for both wavelengths. The proposed photodetector with combining monometallic and graphene provide a new strategy to construct reliable and next-generation optoelectronic devices at VIS-NIR region.
  16. Abdullah-Zawawi MR, Ahmad-Nizammuddin NF, Govender N, Harun S, Mohd-Assaad N, Mohamed-Hussein ZA
    Sci Rep, 2021 10 04;11(1):19678.
    PMID: 34608238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99206-y
    Transcription factors (TFs) form the major class of regulatory genes and play key roles in multiple plant stress responses. In most eukaryotic plants, transcription factor (TF) families (WRKY, MADS-box and MYB) activate unique cellular-level abiotic and biotic stress-responsive strategies, which are considered as key determinants for defense and developmental processes. Arabidopsis and rice are two important representative model systems for dicot and monocot plants, respectively. A comprehensive comparative study on 101 OsWRKY, 34 OsMADS box and 122 OsMYB genes (rice genome) and, 71 AtWRKY, 66 AtMADS box and 144 AtMYB genes (Arabidopsis genome) showed various relationships among TFs across species. The phylogenetic analysis clustered WRKY, MADS-box and MYB TF family members into 10, 7 and 14 clades, respectively. All clades in WRKY and MYB TF families and almost half of the total number of clades in the MADS-box TF family are shared between both species. Chromosomal and gene structure analysis showed that the Arabidopsis-rice orthologous TF gene pairs were unevenly localized within their chromosomes whilst the distribution of exon-intron gene structure and motif conservation indicated plausible functional similarity in both species. The abiotic and biotic stress-responsive cis-regulatory element type and distribution patterns in the promoter regions of Arabidopsis and rice WRKY, MADS-box and MYB orthologous gene pairs provide better knowledge on their role as conserved regulators in both species. Co-expression network analysis showed the correlation between WRKY, MADs-box and MYB genes in each independent rice and Arabidopsis network indicating their role in stress responsiveness and developmental processes.
    MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation; Multigene Family*; Humans; Phylogeny; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Oryza/genetics*; Transcription Factors/genetics*; Arabidopsis/genetics*; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Computational Biology/methods; Genomics/methods*; Arabidopsis Proteins; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genome-Wide Association Study*; MEF2 Transcription Factors/genetics*
  17. Abdullah NH, Mustaffa MS, Hamidon MN, Shafie FN, Ismail I, Ibrahim IR
    Sci Rep, 2021 Oct 04;11(1):19642.
    PMID: 34608254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99236-6
    A new approach through heat treatment has been attempted by establishing defects by the process of quenching towards electrical and magnetic properties in the nickel zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) sample. The measured property values in permeability and hysteresis characteristic gave their recovery behaviour in which the values, after quenching were recovered after undergoing the annealing. Interestingly, a different trend observed in the permittivity value whereas the value was increased after quenching and subsequently recovered after annealing. The mechanisms which produced the changes is believed to be involved by defects in the form of vacancies, interstitials, microcracks and dislocations created during quenching which gave rise to changes in the values of the complex permeability and permittivity components and hysteresis behaviour.
  18. Mohan M, Lin KH, Parolia A, Pau A
    Int J Dent, 2021;2021:4573459.
    PMID: 34608391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4573459
    Objectives: The research aimed to investigate if emotional intelligence (EI) scores of dental undergraduates influenced their patients' satisfaction with the treatment received.

    Methods: A 33-item EI questionnaire was completed by 46 dental undergraduates in a cross-sectional study. Responses, measured on a five-point Likert scale, were summed to yield EI scores. Patients treated by the same undergraduates were invited to complete a patient satisfaction (PS) questionnaire. EI and PS scores were calculated and compared by undergraduates' gender and the patients' age and education status. The four EI factors (optimism/mood regulation, appraisal of emotions, utilization of emotions, and social skills of students) were correlated with PS using Spearman's correlation test with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

    Results: EI scores did not differ significantly between male (N = 23) and female (N = 23) undergraduates (p=0.218). PS was not associated with patients' gender, but those educated to the secondary school level were more likely to be satisfied compared to those educated to the college/university level (p=0.022). Of the four EI factors, optimism/mood regulation was positively correlated with PS (p=0.049).

    Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the EI of the students can influence PS. Practical Implications. Interventions to enhance EI can be developed to improve the patient experience.

  19. Muhayudin NA, Basaruddin KS, Daud R, McEvoy F, Tansey
    Appl Bionics Biomech, 2021;2021:2799415.
    PMID: 34608402 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2799415
    The present study is aimed at investigating the mechanical behaviour of fabricated synthetic midthoracic paediatric spine based on range of motion (ROM) as compared to porcine spine as the biological specimen. The main interest was to ensure that the fabricated synthetic model could mimic the biological specimen behaviour. The synthetic paediatric spine was designed as a 200% scaled-up model to fit into the Bionix Servohydraulic spine simulator. Biomechanical tests were conducted to measure the ROM and nonlinearity of sigmoidal curves at six degrees of freedom (DOF) with moments at ±4 Nm before the specimens failed. Results were compared with the porcine spine (biological specimen). The differences found between the lateral bending and axial rotation of synthetic paediatric spine as compared to the porcine spine were 18% and 3%, respectively, but was still within the range. Flexion extension of the synthetic spine is a bit stiff in comparison of porcine spine with 45% different. The ROM curves of the synthetic paediatric spine exhibited nonlinearities for all motions as the measurements of neutral zone (NZ) and elastic zone (EZ) stiffness were below "1." Therefore, it showed that the proposed synthetic paediatric spine behaved similarly to the biological specimen, particularly on ROM.
  20. Luke AM, Mathew S, Kuriadom ST, George JM, Karobari MI, Marya A, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2021;2021:9630285.
    PMID: 34608440 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9630285
    Problem-based learning is an experiential and student-centred learning method to practice important skills like querying, critical thinking, and collaboration through pair and group work. The study is aimed at comparing the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional teaching (TT) methods in improving acquisition of radiographic interpretation skills among dental students. Clinical trials (randomized and nonrandomized) were conducted with the help of dental students studying oral radiology using PBL and TT methods and assessing radiographic interpretation skills, knowledge scores, and satisfaction level as outcomes. Articles published from PubMed/MEDLINE, DOAJ, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool, the MINORS Checklist, and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBIN-I) tool. Meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3. There were twenty-four articles for qualitative synthesis and 13 for meta-analysis. The cumulative mean difference was found to be 0.54 (0.18, 0.90), 4.15 (-0.35, 8.65), and -0.14 (-0.36, 0.08) for radiographic interpretation skills, knowledge scores, and satisfaction level, respectively, showing significant difference favouring PBL as compared to TT except for satisfaction level which favoured the TT group. To understand the long-term effectiveness of PBL over TT methods in oral radiology among dental students, well-designed long-term randomized controlled trials are needed.
    MeSH terms: Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Radiography*; Risk; Students, Dental*; Teaching*; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Publication Bias; Problem-Based Learning*
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