Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Cinnamomum cassia with anti-hyperpigmentation properties: Optimization and characterization studies

Al-Ajalein AAS 1 , Shafie MH 2 , Yap PG 1 , Kassim MA 3 , Naharudin I 4 , Wong TW 5 Show all authors , Gan CY 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia
  • 2 Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia. Electronic address: hakiminshafie@usm.my
  • 3 Bioprocess Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia. Electronic address: asyrafkassim@usm.my
  • 4 Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia. Electronic address: idana482@uitm.edu.my
  • 5 Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia. Electronic address: wongtinwui@uitm.edu.my
  • 6 Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia. Electronic address: mattgan81@yahoo.com
Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jan 31;226:321-335.
PMID: 36502951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.023

Abstract

The anti-hyperpigmentation effect and tyrosinase inhibitory mechanism of cinnamon polysaccharides have not been reported. The current study focused on the extraction of polysaccharides from Cinnamomum cassia bark using microwave-assisted approach and optimization of the extraction process (i.e., microwave power, irradiation time and buffer-to-sample ratio) by Box-Behnken design to obtain a high yield of polysaccharides with high sun protection factor (SPF), anti-hyperpigmentation and antioxidant activities. The extracted pectic-polysaccharides had low molecular weight and degree of esterification. The optimal extraction process had polysaccharides characterized by (a) monophenolase inhibitory activity = 97.5 %; (b) diphenolase inhibitory activity = 99.4 %; (c) ferric reducing antioxidant power = 4.4 mM; (d) SPF = 6.1; (e) yield = 13.7 %. The SPF, tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities were primarily contributed by the polysaccharides. In conclusion, the polysaccharides from C. cassia could be an alternative therapeutic source for skin hyperpigmentation treatment.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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