Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of parabens in the surface water of Terengganu River, Malaysia

Wahab RA 1 , Omar TFT 2 , Nurulnadia MY 3 , Rozulan NNA 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 2 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. Electronic address: tuan.fauzan@umt.edu.my
  • 3 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Mar Pollut Bull, 2023 Jul;192:115036.
PMID: 37207388 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115036

Abstract

The concentration, distribution, and risk assessment of parabens were determined in the surface water of the Terengganu River, Malaysia. Target chemicals were extracted via solid-phase extraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Method optimization produced a high percentage recovery for methylparaben (MeP, 84.69 %), ethylparaben (EtP, 76.60 %), and propylparaben (PrP, 76.33 %). Results showed that higher concentrations were observed for MeP (3.60 μg/L) as compared with EtP (1.21 μg/L) and PrP (1.00 μg/L). Parabens are ubiquitously present in all sampling stations, with >99 % of detection. Salinity and conductivity were the major factors influencing the level of parabens in the surface water. Overall, we found no potential risk of parabens in the Terengganu River ecosystem due to low calculated risk assessment values (risk quotient 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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