Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
  • 2 Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: mushtaq@qau.edu.pk
  • 3 Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, 54000, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, Brno, 616 00, Czech Republic
  • 5 Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Electronic address: sairaasif@uaar.edu.pk
  • 6 University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042, Pollenzo, Italy; Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq
  • 7 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Electronic address: sasan_zahmatkesh@yahoo.com
  • 8 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
J Environ Manage, 2024 Jan 15;350:119567.
PMID: 38007927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119567

Abstract

Dealing with the current defaults of environmental toxicity, heating, waste management, and economic crises, exploration of novel non-edible, toxic, and waste feedstock for renewable biodiesel synthesis is the need of the hour. The present study is concerned with Buxus papillosa with seeds oil concentration (45% w/w), a promising biodiesel feedstock encountering environmental defaults and waste management; in addition, this research performed simulation based-response surface methodology (RSM) for Buxus papillosa bio-diesel. Synthesis and application of novel Phyto-nanocatalyst bimetallic oxide with Buxus papillosa fruit capsule aqueous extract was advantageous during transesterification. Characterization of sodium/potassium oxide Phyto-nanocatalyst confirmed 23.5 nm nano-size and enhanced catalytic activity. Other characterizing tools are FTIR, DRS, XRD, Zeta potential, SEM, and EDX. Methyl ester formation was authenticated by FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR. A maximum 97% yield was obtained at optimized conditions i.e., methanol ratio to oil (8:1), catalyst amount (0.37 wt%), reaction duration (180 min), and temperature of 80 °C. The reusability of novel sodium/potassium oxide was checked for six reactions. Buxus papillosa fuel properties were within the international restrictions of fuel. The sulphur content of 0.00090% signified the environmental remedial nature of Buxus papillosa methyl esters and it is a highly recommendable species for biodiesel production at large scale due to a t huge number of seeds production and vast distribution.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.