Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
  • 2 Department of Health Care Administration & Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  • 3 Health Administration Program, Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
  • 5 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • 6 National Center for Medicine and Technology Assessment, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
  • 7 School of Medicine & Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
J Glob Health, 2024 Feb 09;14:04007.
PMID: 38334270 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04007

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Japan has implemented a national lifestyle guidance intervention programme for potential metabolic syndrome among adults aged 40-74 years; however, there is limited evidence regarding the causal impact of this intervention. The study aims to determine the causal effect of this intervention on health outcomes and health care utilisation.

METHODS: We performed a regression discontinuity design study. A total of 46 975 adults with ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor in 2015 were included in the study. A two-stage evaluation process (stage 1: waist circumference ≥85 cm for men or ≥90 cm for women and ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor; stage 2: body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2 and ≥2 cardiovascular risk factors) was applied. Changes in obesity, cardiovascular outcomes, and health care utilisation were evaluated in a one-year follow-up in the fiscal year 2016.

RESULTS: Participants who received lifestyle guidance intervention based on the waist circumference had a statistically significant reduction in obesity outcomes (Δ weight: -0.30 kg, 95% CI = -0.46 to -0.11; Δ waist circumference: -0.26 cm, 95% CI = -0.53 to -0.02; Δ BMI = -0.09 kg/m2, 95% CI = -0.17 to -0.04) but not in other cardiovascular risk factors and health care utilisation. Analyses based on BMI and results according to demographic subgroups did not reveal significant findings.

CONCLUSIONS: The provision of this intervention had a limited effect on health improvement and a decrease in health care costs, health care visits, and length of stay. A more intensive intervention delivery could potentially improve the efficacy of this intervention programme.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.