In vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant activity of pomegranate peel extract mediated calcium sulfate nano particles

Dathan P 1 , Nallaswamy D 2 , Rajeshkumar S 3 , Joseph S 2 , Shahin I 2 , Tharani M 4

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, India. pdathan70@gmail.com
  • 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, India
  • 3 Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, India
  • 4 Department of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education & Research-MAHER, Chennai
Med J Malaysia, 2025 Jan;80(Suppl 1):44-51.
PMID: 39773942

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pomegranate peel is considered a reservoir of biologically active compounds, the presence of which provides anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to peel extracts. Calcium sulfate is considered an ideal boneaugmenting material, and in the present study, pomegranate peel extract-mediated calcium sulfate nano particles (PPE CaSo4 NPs) were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of PPE CaSo4 NPs, with a focus on their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The objectives were to green - synthesize PPE CaSo4 NPs, analyze their optical characteristics using UV-visible spectra analysis, and subsequently evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: UV-visible spectra analysis was employed to investigate the optical characteristics and surface morphology, such as the size and shape of PPE CaSo4 NPs synthesized at different time intervals, which were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using bovine serum albumin denaturation assay (BSA), and egg albumin denaturation assay (EA) was compared with diclofenac sodium as a standard. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2 Diphenyl -1- Picryl hydraxylhydrate assay (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay (H2O2), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Comparison made with ascorbic acid as the standard.

RESULTS: Anti-inflammatory activity was observed at all concentrations of PPE CaSo4 NPs, and there was no significant difference between the test material and the standard p>0.05. A significant difference was found for the antioxidant activity between PPE CaSo4 NPs and the standard in concentrations of 10 μl, for DPPH, 10 μl and 20 μl for H2O2 (p<0.05) between the concentrations of 30, 40, and 50, and there was no significant difference between the test material and the standard in all three tests conducted.

CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the PPE CaSo4 NPs have Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant activities and are concentration-dependent.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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