Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Mathematics, Actuarial and Quantitative Studies (SOMAQS), Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
  • 3 Mining Engineering Department, College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, The University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
  • 4 Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
  • 5 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 6 Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
  • 7 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
PLoS One, 2025;20(8):e0328661.
PMID: 40802673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328661

Abstract

In the oil and gas industry, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategies for unconventional reservoirs, characterized by complex geometries, differ significantly from those used in conventional reservoirs. This research focuses on the impact of 3D hexagonal prism geometries on EOR in hypothetical oil reservoirs using silicon dioxide (SiO₂) magnetic nanoparticles under liquid-phase flow conditions, a topic not extensively explored in existing literature. We developed an improved magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mathematical models to simulate oil recovery processes in these geometries, using ANSYS Fluent for finite volume analysis. We developed an improved magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model by incorporating magnetic field-induced pressure terms, nanoparticle transport losses, and a 3D hexagonal prism geometry that reflects complex reservoir behavior. These enhancements extend beyond traditional Darcy-based models by integrating magnetic permeability, viscosity alteration, and magnetic field-pore interactions. The model evaluates the impact of key reservoir parameters including porosity (ϕ = 0.1-0.4), injection flow rate (0.01-0.05 mL/min), and nanoparticle concentration (Ψ = 0.01-0.04), under different magnetic field configurations. Porosity and flow rate were also found to significantly influence recovery performance, highlighting the practical adaptability of the model for diverse reservoir conditions. Findings indicate that proximity of a magnetic field to cavity structures enhances oil recovery rates, with a significant 29.08% increase in recovery from nanoflooding compared to water flooding.Future research will extend this framework to study green, eco-friendly nanoparticles under elevated temperature and pressure, aiming to improve thermal stability, reduce environmental risks, and enhance recovery efficiency in more extreme reservoir conditions.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.