Primary antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kuo YT 1 , Liou JM 2 , El-Omar EM 3 , Wu JY 4 , Leow AHR 5 , Goh KL 5 Show all authors , Das R 6 , Lu H 7 , Lin JT 8 , Tu YK 9 , Yamaoka Y 10 , Wu MS 11 , Asian Pacific Alliance on Helicobacter and Microbiota

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 2 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 3 Department of Medicine, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  • 5 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 6 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • 7 Gastrointestinal Division, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
  • 8 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
  • 9 Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 10 Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: yyamaoka@oita-u.ac.jp
  • 11 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: mingshiang@ntu.edu.tw
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017 10;2(10):707-715.
PMID: 28781119 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30219-4

Abstract

BACKGROUND: So far, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis has not been done of the prevalence of primary antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the Asia-Pacific region. We aimed to assess the trends and regional differences in primary antibiotic resistance to H pylori in the Asia-Pacific region and to examine the relation between resistance and first-line eradication.

METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary antibiotic resistance to H pylori and the efficacy of first-line regimens in the Asia-Pacific region. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles published between Jan 1, 1990, and Sept 30, 2016; we also searched abstracts from international conferences. Both observational studies and randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in the analysis of primary antibiotic resistance, but only randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in the analysis of efficacy of first-line therapies. Meta-analysis was by the random-effects model to account for the substantial variations in resistance across the region. We did subgroup analyses by country and study period (ie, before 2000, 2001-05, 2006-10, and 2011-15) to establish country-specific prevalences of primary antibiotic resistance and first-line eradication rates. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017057905.

FINDINGS: 176 articles from 24 countries were included in our analysis of antibiotic resistance. The overall mean prevalences of primary H pylori resistance were 17% (95% CI 15-18) for clarithromycin, 44% (95% CI 39-48) for metronidazole, 18% (95% CI 15-22) for levofloxacin, 3% (95% CI 2-5) for amoxicillin, and 4% (95% CI 2-5) for tetracycline. Prevalence of resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin rose significantly over time during the period investigated, whereas resistance to other antibiotics remained stable. 170 articles from 16 countries were included in analysis of efficacy of first-line therapies. We noted unsatisfactory efficacy (ie, <80%) with clarithromycin-containing regimens in countries where the clarithromycin resistance rates were higher than 20%.

INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of primary antibiotic resistance varied greatly among countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and thus treatment strategy should be adapted relative to country-specific resistance patterns. Clarithromycin-containing regimens should be avoided in countries where the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance is higher than 20%.

FUNDING: Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, and Amity University.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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