In this study, nitrogen doped titanium dioxide-based dye-sensitised solar cell was successfully fabricated
using screen printing technique to discover the optimisation of process parameters for the solar cell
efficiency using response surface methodology (RSM). Parameter optimisation has been a major concern
in solar cell fabrication. The selected parameters were: nitrogen concentration (15-25 mg of urea), the
film thickness (25-60 µm) and dye loading time (12-24 hours), the optimum condition which yields the
highest efficiency of 3.5% was at 15 mg nitrogen concentration, 25 µm film thickness and 24-hours dye
loading time. Film thickness was found to have a significant influence on efficiency while the loading
time exceeding 18 hours has the least significant effect.