The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia

McColl H 1 , Racimo F 1 , Vinner L 1 , Demeter F 1 , Gakuhari T 2 , Moreno-Mayar JV 1 Show all authors , van Driem G 3 , Gram Wilken U 1 , Seguin-Orlando A 1 , de la Fuente Castro C 1 , Wasef S 4 , Shoocongdej R 5 , Souksavatdy V 6 , Sayavongkhamdy T 6 , Saidin MM 7 , Allentoft ME 1 , Sato T 8 , Malaspinas AS 9 , Aghakhanian FA 10 , Korneliussen T 1 , Prohaska A 11 , Margaryan A 1 , de Barros Damgaard P 1 , Kaewsutthi S 12 , Lertrit P 12 , Nguyen TMH 13 , Hung HC 14 , Minh Tran T 13 , Nghia Truong H 13 , Nguyen GH 13 , Shahidan S 7 , Wiradnyana K 15 , Matsumae H 16 , Shigehara N 17 , Yoneda M 18 , Ishida H 19 , Masuyama T 20 , Yamada Y 21 , Tajima A 8 , Shibata H 22 , Toyoda A 23 , Hanihara T 16 , Nakagome S 24 , Deviese T 25 , Bacon AM 26 , Duringer P 27 , Ponche JL 28 , Shackelford L 29 , Patole-Edoumba E 30 , Nguyen AT 13 , Bellina-Pryce B 31 , Galipaud JC 32 , Kinaston R 33 , Buckley H 33 , Pottier C 34 , Rasmussen S 35 , Higham T 25 , Foley RA 36 , Lahr MM 36 , Orlando L 1 , Sikora M 1 , Phipps ME 10 , Oota H 16 , Higham C 37 , Lambert DM 4 , Willerslev E 38

Affiliations 

  • 1 Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 2 Center for Cultural Resource Studies, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
  • 3 Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • 4 Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
  • 5 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 6 Department of Heritage, Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
  • 7 Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 8 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
  • 9 Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 10 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 11 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • 12 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 13 Anthropological and Paleoenvironmental Department, Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 14 Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  • 15 Balai Archeology, Medan, Indonesia
  • 16 Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
  • 17 Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara, Japan
  • 18 University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • 19 Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
  • 20 Educational Committee of Tahara City, Tahara, Japan
  • 21 National Museum of Japanese History, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
  • 22 Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  • 23 Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
  • 24 School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  • 25 Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 26 Laboratoire AMIS, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Montrouge, France
  • 27 École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
  • 28 Laboratory "Image Ville et Environnement LIVE," UMR7362, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
  • 29 Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
  • 30 Natural History Museum of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
  • 31 CNRS, UMR7055 "Préhistoire et Technologie," Maison Archéologie et Ethnologie, Nanterre, France
  • 32 Research Institute for Development, National Museum of Natural History, UMR Paloc, Paris, France
  • 33 Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  • 34 École Française d'Extrême-Orient, Paris, France
  • 35 Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • 36 Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • 37 Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  • 38 Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk
Science, 2018 07 06;361(6397):88-92.
PMID: 29976827 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3628

Abstract

The human occupation history of Southeast Asia (SEA) remains heavily debated. Current evidence suggests that SEA was occupied by Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers until ~4000 years ago, when farming economies developed and expanded, restricting foraging groups to remote habitats. Some argue that agricultural development was indigenous; others favor the "two-layer" hypothesis that posits a southward expansion of farmers giving rise to present-day Southeast Asian genetic diversity. By sequencing 26 ancient human genomes (25 from SEA, 1 Japanese Jōmon), we show that neither interpretation fits the complexity of Southeast Asian history: Both Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers and East Asian farmers contributed to current Southeast Asian diversity, with further migrations affecting island SEA and Vietnam. Our results help resolve one of the long-standing controversies in Southeast Asian prehistory.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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