Affiliations 

  • 1 Centre of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  • 3 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  • 4 Materials Science and Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9466, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
  • 5 New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  • 6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 7 Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
Ceram Int, 2021 Feb 01;47(3):2917-2948.
PMID: 32994658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.09.177

Abstract

Nanomedicine has seen a significant rise in the development of new research tools and clinically functional devices. In this regard, significant advances and new commercial applications are expected in the pharmaceutical and orthopedic industries. For advanced orthopedic implant technologies, appropriate nanoscale surface modifications are highly effective strategies and are widely studied in the literature for improving implant performance. It is well-established that implants with nanotubular surfaces show a drastic improvement in new bone creation and gene expression compared to implants without nanotopography. Nevertheless, the scientific and clinical understanding of mixed oxide nanotubes (MONs) and their potential applications, especially in biomedical applications are still in the early stages of development. This review aims to establish a credible platform for the current and future roles of MONs in nanomedicine, particularly in advanced orthopedic implants. We first introduce the concept of MONs and then discuss the preparation strategies. This is followed by a review of the recent advancement of MONs in biomedical applications, including mineralization abilities, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, cell culture, and animal testing, as well as clinical possibilities. To conclude, we propose that the combination of nanotubular surface modification with incorporating sensor allows clinicians to precisely record patient data as a critical contributor to evidence-based medicine.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.