Characterization of nickel-doped biphasic calcium phosphate/graphene nanoplatelet composites for biomedical application

Baradaran S 1 , Moghaddam E 2 , Nasiri-Tabrizi B 3 , Basirun WJ 4 , Mehrali M 5 , Sookhakian M 6 Show all authors , Hamdi M 7 , Alias Y 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: saeid_baradaran@yahoo.com
  • 2 Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 3 Advanced Materials Research Center, Materials Engineering Department, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: bahman_nasiri@hotmail.com
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Nanotechnology& Catalysis Research (NanoCat), University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
  • 7 Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 8 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Apr;49:656-668.
PMID: 25686995 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.050

Abstract

The effect of the addition of an ionic dopant to calcium phosphates for biomedical applications requires specific research due to the essential roles played in such processes. In the present study, the mechanical and biological properties of Ni-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ni-doped HA mixed with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were evaluated. Ni (3wt.% and 6wt.%)-doped HA was synthesized using a continuous precipitation method and calcined at 900°C for 1h. The GNP (0.5-2wt.%)-reinforced 6% Ni-doped HA (Ni6) composite was prepared using rotary ball milling for 15h. The sintering process was performed using hot isostatic pressing at processing conditions of 1150°C and 160MPa with a 1-h holding time. The results indicated that the phase compositions and structural features of the products were noticeably affected by the Ni and GNPs. The mechanical properties of Ni6 and 1.5Ni6 were increased by 55% and 75% in hardness, 59% and 163% in fracture toughness and 120% and 85% in elastic modulus compared with monolithic HA, respectively. The in-vitro biological behavior was investigated using h-FOB osteoblast cells in 1, 3 and 5days of culture. Based on the osteoblast results, the cytotoxicity of the products was indeed affected by the Ni doping. In addition, the effect of GNPs on the growth and proliferation of osteoblast cells was investigated in Ni6 composites containing different ratios of GNPs, where 1.5wt.% was the optimum value.

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