Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Jalan Urip Sumoharjo Km 05 Makassar, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90231, Indonesia
  • 2 Department of Chemical Engineering Polymers, Politeknik STMI Jakarta, Jakarta 10510, Indonesia
  • 3 Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM Gombak 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e05009.
PMID: 33005808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05009

Abstract

The implementation of this research consists of 2 (two) aspects: the making and testing of bio-briquettes called technological aspects and economic analysis called economic aspects. Bio-briquettes is made from cashew nutshell waste obtained from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is followed by pyrolysis, which is carried out in a simple batch type reactor by heating using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The bio-briquettes product has a calorific value of 29.49 MJ/kg, moisture content of 5.3%, ash content of 4.96%, volatile substances content of 17.16%, and carbon content of 72.62%, which meets the universally accepted bio-briquettes standard (SNI 016235-2000), Japanese, English and ISO 17225. The bio-briquettes product is suitable as an energy source. The economic analysis of the cashew nutshell was analyzed to determine its economic feasibility. For the bio-briquettes production capacity in 2,000 tons/year, cashew nut shell-briquettes products can be sold at 1,052,878 USD/year. The total production cost is USD842,304/year. The net profit is of USD147,402/year. The cost of LPG for 2,000 tons/year production capacity is USD954,358/years. The replacement of LPG with cashew seed bio-briquettes tends to help the average household of Muna Regency community to reduce the annual cost by 37.00%. In conclusion, bio-briquettes production's economic feasibility as analyzed from the investment rate is 23.55%, payout time is 3.42 years, and break-even point is 50.09%.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.