Affiliations 

  • 1 College of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babylon, 51013, Iraq. haider.zwain@wrec.uoqasim.edu.iq
  • 2 College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, 56100, Iraq
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1684613114, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
  • 4 Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
  • 5 School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
Sci Rep, 2020 12 17;10(1):22209.
PMID: 33335267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79395-8

Abstract

Odors due to the emission of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been a concern in the sewage treatment plants over the last decades. H2S fate and emissions from extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) system in Muharram Aisha-sewage treatment plant (MA-STP) were studied using TOXCHEM model. Sensitivity analysis at different aeration flowrate, H2S loading rate, wastewater pH, wastewater temperature and wind speed were studied. The predicted data were validated against actual results, where all the data were validated within the limits, and the statistical evaluation of normalized mean square error (NMSE), geometric variance (VG), and correlation coefficient (R) were close to the ideal fit. The results showed that the major processes occurring in the system were degradation and emission. During summer (27 °C) and winter (12 °C), about 25 and 23%, 1 and 2%, 2 and 2%, and 72 and 73% were fated as emitted to air, discharged with effluent, sorbed to sludge, and biodegraded, respectively. At summer and winter, the total emitted concentrations of H2S were 6.403 and 5.614 ppm, respectively. The sensitivity results indicated that aeration flowrate, H2S loading rate and wastewater pH highly influenced the emission and degradation of H2S processes compared to wastewater temperature and wind speed. To conclude, TOXCHEM model successfully predicted the H2S fate and emissions in EAAS system.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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