Monitoring of linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) in riverine and estuarine sediments in Malaysia

Masood N 1 , Alkhadher SAA 2 , Magam SM 3 , Halimoon N 4 , Alsukaibi A 5 , Zakaria MP 6 Show all authors , Vaezzadeh V 7 , Keshavarzifard M 8 , Maisara S 5 , Khaled Bin Break M 9

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen. ne.ebrahim@uoh.edu.sa
  • 2 Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Cluster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen
  • 4 Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 7 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
  • 8 Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute,, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, 75169-89177, Iran
  • 9 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81411, Saudi Arabia
Environ Geochem Health, 2021 Oct 25.
PMID: 34697724 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01088-6

Abstract

The aim of this a pioneering research is to investigate linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as biomarkers of sewage pollution in sediments collected from four rivers and estuaries of the south and east of Peninsular Malaysia. The sediment samples went through soxhlet extraction, two-step column chromatography purification, fractionation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) with multivariate linear regression (MLR) was used as well for source apportionment of LABs. The results of this study showed that total LAB concentration was 36-1196 ng g-1dw. The internal to external isomer ratios (I/E ratio) of LABs were from 0.56 to 3.12 indicated release of raw sewage and primary and secondary effluents into the environment of south and east of Peninsular Malaysia. Our research supported that continuous monitoring of sewage pollution to limit the environmental pollution in riverine and estuarine ecosystem.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Similar publications