MyMedR

Muntingia calabura: a review of its traditional uses, chemical properties, and pharmacological observations

Mahmood ND, Nasir NL, Rofiee MS, Tohid SF, Ching SM, Teh LK, et al.

Pharm Biol, 2014 Dec;52(12):1598-623.

PMID: 25068675 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.908397

Different parts of Muntingia calabura L. (Elaeocarpaceae), or "kerukup siam" in Malay, have been reported to possess medicinal value, supported by a number of scientific studies.

Fulltext Corrigendum to "Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Pharmacological Uses"

Yob NJ, Jofrry SM, Affandi MM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Zakaria ZA

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016;2016:8621824.

PMID: 27462359 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8621824

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2011/543216.].

Fulltext Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Pharmacological Uses

Yob NJ, Jofrry SM, Affandi MM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Zakaria ZA

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2011;2011:543216.

PMID: 21584247 DOI: 10.1155/2011/543216

Zingiber zerumbet Sm., locally known to the Malay as "Lempoyang," is a perennial herb found in many tropical countries, including Malaysia. The rhizomes of Z. zerumbet, particularly, have been regularly used as food flavouring and appetizer in various Malays' cuisines while the rhizomes extracts have been used in Malay traditional medicine to treat various types of ailments (e.g., inflammatory- and pain-mediated diseases, worm infestation and diarrhea). Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo assays of biological evaluation support most of these claims. The active pharmacological component of Z. zerumbet rhizomes most widely studied is zerumbone. This paper presents the botany, traditional uses, chemistry, and pharmacology of this medicinal plant.

Fulltext Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

Yahya F, Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MF, Seyedan AA, Jakius KF, Mahmood ND, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:636580.

PMID: 23853662 DOI: 10.1155/2013/636580

In an attempt to further establish the pharmacological properties of Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae), hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of B. purpurea leaves (MEBP) was investigated using the paracetamol- (PCM-) induced liver toxicity in rats. Five groups of rats (n = 6) were used and administered orally once daily with 10% DMSO (negative control), 200 mg/kg silymarin (positive control), or MEBP (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the hepatotoxicity induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood samples and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with the total phenolic content (TPC) also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of the normal hepatic structural was observed in group pretreated with silymarin and MEBP. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with silymarin or MEBP exhibited significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ALT and AST enzyme level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high TPC. In conclusion, MEBP exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content and thus warrants further investigation.

Unpredictable neuroleptics induced priapism: a case report

Razali Salleh M, Mohamad H, Zainol J

Eur. Psychiatry, 1996;11(8):419-20.

PMID: 19698495 DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(97)82583-7

Fulltext Solid-state fermentation of oil palm frond petiole for lignin peroxidase and xylanase-rich cocktail production

Mohamad Ikubar MR, Abdul Manan M, Md Salleh M, Yahya A

3 Biotech, 2018 May;8(5):259.

PMID: 29765817 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1268-1

In current practice, oil palm frond leaflets and stems are re-used for soil nutrient recycling, while the petioles are typically burned. Frond petioles have high commercialization value, attributed to high lignocellulose fiber content and abundant of juice containing free reducing sugars. Pressed petiole fiber is the subject of interest in this study for the production of lignocellulolytic enzyme. The initial characterization showed the combination of 0.125 mm frond particle size and 60% moisture content provided a surface area of 42.3 m2/g, porosity of 12.8%, and density of 1.2 g/cm3, which facilitated fungal solid-state fermentation. Among the several species of Aspergillus and Trichoderma tested, Aspergillus awamori MMS4 yielded the highest xylanase (109 IU/g) and cellulase (12 IU/g), while Trichoderma virens UKM1 yielded the highest lignin peroxidase (222 IU/g). Crude enzyme cocktail also contained various sugar residues, mainly glucose and xylose (0.1-0.4 g/L), from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. FT-IR analysis of the fermented petioles observed reduction in cellulose crystallinity (I900/1098), cellulose-lignin (I900/1511), and lignin-hemicellulose (I1511/1738) linkages. The study demonstrated successful bioconversion of chemically untreated frond petioles into lignin peroxidase and xylanase-rich enzyme cocktail under SSF condition.

Fulltext Observing Consistency in Online Communication Patterns for User Re-Identification

Adeyemi IR, Razak SA, Salleh M, Venter HS

PLoS One, 2016;11(12):e0166930.

PMID: 27918593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166930

Comprehension of the statistical and structural mechanisms governing human dynamics in online interaction plays a pivotal role in online user identification, online profile development, and recommender systems. However, building a characteristic model of human dynamics on the Internet involves a complete analysis of the variations in human activity patterns, which is a complex process. This complexity is inherent in human dynamics and has not been extensively studied to reveal the structural composition of human behavior. A typical method of anatomizing such a complex system is viewing all independent interconnectivity that constitutes the complexity. An examination of the various dimensions of human communication pattern in online interactions is presented in this paper. The study employed reliable server-side web data from 31 known users to explore characteristics of human-driven communications. Various machine-learning techniques were explored. The results revealed that each individual exhibited a relatively consistent, unique behavioral signature and that the logistic regression model and model tree can be used to accurately distinguish online users. These results are applicable to one-to-one online user identification processes, insider misuse investigation processes, and online profiling in various areas.

Determination of salivary cortisol reference interval in a selected Malaysian population

Choo JE, Samsudin IN, Mat Salleh MJ, Zahari Sham SY, Thambiah SC

Malays J Pathol, 2020 Dec;42(3):433-437.

PMID: 33361725

INTRODUCTION: Salivary cortisol is used as an indicator of stress level and a recommended screening test for Cushing syndrome. The normal reference interval for salivary cortisol is dependent on the analytical methodology and the population studied and hence, establishment of a local population-based reference interval is recommended.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 129 healthy blood donors and staffs of Penang General Hospital were recruited from June 2018-May 2019. Paired (morning and late-night) saliva samples were collected from individuals aged between 18 and 60 years old with no history of chronic medical illness. Salivary cortisol was assayed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Non-parametric statistics were used for calculation of reference interval and 90% confidence intervals (90% CIs).

RESULTS: The reference interval for morning and latenight salivary cortisol was 2.09 - 22.63 nmol/L and <12.00 nmol/L, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The locally-derived adult reference intervals for morning and late-night salivary cortisol concentration was determined and varied with previous studies emphasising the need in establishing individual laboratory reference interval.

Fulltext Depression and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hashim NA, Ariaratnam S, Salleh MR, Said MA, Sulaiman AH

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2016 Jun;26(2):77-82.

PMID: 27377489

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder and its association with socio-demographic and clinical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended the hospital-based primary care clinics at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The patients were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose depression based on the DSM-IV criteria. The socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients and subsequently verified against their respective case notes.

RESULTS: A total of 204 patients were recruited. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 15.7%. Major depressive disorder was significantly associated with younger age of patients (mean ± standard deviation, 57.8 ± 15.1 years, p = 0.04), younger age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (46.2 ± 13.0 years, p = 0.01), having secondary education (p = 0.02), and having a history of depression (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that current age (p = 0.04), duration of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04), age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01), and secondary education (p = 0.01) were significant factors.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of major depressive disorder was high among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Screening of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for depression should be performed periodically or routinely, especially in the primary care setting.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)

Norfatimah MY, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Mat Isa MN, SitiAzizah MN

Gene, 2014 Sep 15;548(2):263-9.

PMID: 25042454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.044

This is the first documentation of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Malaysian Mahseer, Tor tambroides. The 16,690 bp mitogenome with GenBank accession number JX444718 contains 13 protein genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and a noncoding control region (D-loop) as is typical of most vertebrates. The phylogenomic reconstruction of this newly generated data with 21 Cypriniformes GenBank accession ID concurs with the recognized status of T. tambroides within the subfamily Cyprininae. This is in agreement with previous hypotheses based on morphological and partial mitochondrial analyses.

Evidence for a general-purpose genotype in Candida albicans, highly prevalent in multiple geographical regions, patient types and types of infection

Schmid J, Herd S, Hunter PR, Cannon RD, Yasin MSM, Samad S, et al.

Microbiology (Reading), 1999 Sep;145 ( Pt 9):2405-2413.

PMID: 10517593 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2405

Epidemiological studies, using the probe Ca3, have shown that in a given patient population a single cluster of genetically related Candida albicans isolates usually predominates. The authors have investigated whether these local clusters are part of a single group, geographically widespread and highly prevalent as an aetiological agent of various types of candidiasis. An unrooted neighbour-joining tree of 266 infection-causing C. albicans isolates (each from a different individual) from 12 geographical regions in 6 countries was created, based on genetic distances generated by Ca3 fingerprinting. Thirty-seven per cent of all isolates formed a single genetically homogeneous cluster (cluster A). The remainder of isolates were genetically diverse. Using the maximum branch length within cluster A as a cut-off, they could be divided into 37 groups, whose prevalence ranged between 0.3% and 9%. Strains from cluster A were highly prevalent in all but one geographical region, with a mean prevalence across all regions of 41%. When isolates were separated into groups based on patient characteristics or type of infection, strains from cluster A had a prevalence exceeding 27% in each group, and their mean prevalence was 43% across all patient characteristics. These data provide evidence that cluster A constitutes a general-purpose genotype, which is geographically widespread and acts as a predominant aetiological agent of all forms of candidiasis in all categories of patients surveyed.

Fulltext Direct deposition of silver nanoplates on quartz surface by sequence pre-treatment hydroxylation and silanisation

Abu Bakar N, Mat Salleh M, Ali Umar A, Shapter JG

MethodsX, 2017;4:486-491.

PMID: 29201649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.11.008

Silver nanoparticles deposited on quartz substrates are widely used as SERS substrates. The nanoparticles can be deposited directly from colloidal solution by dipping technique. However, the adhesion of the particles on the quartz surface is very poor. Normally the substrate is pre-treated with hydroxylation or silanisation process. In this paper, we have demonstrated that the application of the sequence pre-treatment hydroxylation and silanisation have improved the density of silver nanoplates desposited on the quartz surface. •Sequence hydroxylation and silanisation pre-treatment assists the deposition of the nanoplate on the surface.•Various immersion times of the quartz surface into the colloidal nanoplates determined size distributions and density surface of the nanoplates on the surface.

Genetic epidemiology of pharmacogenetic variants in South East Asian Malays using whole-genome sequences

Sivadas A, Salleh MZ, Teh LK, Scaria V

Pharmacogenomics J, 2017 10;17(5):461-470.

PMID: 27241059 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.39

Expanding the scope of pharmacogenomic research by including multiple global populations is integral to building robust evidence for its clinical translation. Deep whole-genome sequencing of diverse ethnic populations provides a unique opportunity to study rare and common pharmacogenomic markers that often vary in frequency across populations. In this study, we aim to build a diverse map of pharmacogenetic variants in South East Asian (SEA) Malay population using deep whole-genome sequences of 100 healthy SEA Malay individuals. We investigated the allelic diversity of potentially deleterious pharmacogenomic variants in SEA Malay population. Our analysis revealed 227 common and 466 rare potentially functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 437 pharmacogenomic genes involved in drug metabolism, transport and target genes, including 74 novel variants. This study has created one of the most comprehensive maps of pharmacogenetic markers in any population from whole genomes and will hugely benefit pharmacogenomic investigations and drug dosage recommendations in SEA Malays.

Markedly raised haemolysis index with upper limit of normal serum potassium levels

Kathiravelu Z, Thambiah SC, Mat Salleh MJ, Samsudin IN

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):101-107.

PMID: 33903313

INTRODUCTION: Haemolytic specimens are a frequent occurrence in clinical laboratories, and they interfere with the analysis of many tests.

CASE REPORT: We describe here an unusual case of leptospirosis complicated by haemolytic anaemia in a 70-year-old man with established kidney failure. He presented with an abrupt onset of shortness of breath, flushing and erythematous rash after completing haemodialysis. The patient's biochemistry test samples were however rejected twice as they were grossly haemolysed. The integrated auto-verification alert system implemented in the hospital's laboratory information system alerted the staff of the possibility of in vivo haemolysis.

DISCUSSION: The auto-verification alert system effectively distinguishes between in vitro and in vivo haemolysis and as such can be utilised as a diagnostic aid in patients with suspected intravascular haemolysis.

Fulltext Development and analysis of acceptance of a nutrition education package among a rural elderly population: an action research study

Shahar S, Adznam SN, Rahman SA, Yusoff NA, Yassin Z, Arshad F, et al.

BMC Geriatr, 2012 Jun 07;12:24.

PMID: 22676577 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-12-24

BACKGROUND: It is well known that older adults are often vulnerable to malnutrition. This action research was conducted to develop a nutrition education package for promoting healthy ageing and reducing risk of chronic diseases among older adults in a rural area of Malaysia.

METHODS: This study was designed and conducted in three stages, including needs assessment, development of the package and analysis of acceptance among 33 older adults aged 60 years and over in rural communities, and 14 health staff members at rural health clinics. Subjects completed a questionnaire including sociodemographic factors and acceptance evaluation of the nutrition education package with respect to content, graphics and design. Data were analysed descriptively using numbers and percentages.

RESULTS: A nutrition education package comprising a booklet, flipchart and placemats was developed. A total of 42.4% of the older adults expressed that the sentences in the flipchart needed to be simplified and medical terms explained. Terminology (60%), illustrations (20%) and nutrition recommendations (20%) were the aspects that prevented elderly subjects from fully understanding the booklet. Information on the placemats was easily understood by subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: A well accepted nutrition education package for promoting healthy ageing and reducing risk of chronic diseases was developed that incorporated modifications based on feedback from older adult subjects and health clinic staff in a rural area. It is a tool that can effectively be used for health education in this population.

Fulltext The genome sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a septicemic patient in a local hospital in Malaysia

Izwan I, Teh LK, Salleh MZ

Genom Data, 2015 Dec;6:128-9.

PMID: 26697353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.08.028

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative, strictly aerobic clinical pathogen causing mostly nosocomial infections globally. The DNA of an isolate from the blood of a local septicemic patient was sequenced using the Illumina GA IIx. The draft genome generated is 4,178,008 bp with a G + C content of 42%. From the annotation results, 47 resistance determinants including 16 multidrug resistance (MDR) genes were identified. The data may be accessed via the GenBank WGS master accession number APWV00000000.

Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate PR04

Zulkifli MH, Teh LK, Lee LS, Zakaria ZA, Salleh MZ

Genome Announc, 2013;1(4).

PMID: 23950113 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00418-13

Klebsiella pneumoniae PR04 was isolated from a patient hospitalized in Malaysia. The draft genome sequence of K. pneumoniae PR04 shows differences compared to the reference sequences of K. pneumoniae strains MGH 78578 and NTUH-K2044 in terms of their genomic structures.

Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain PR05

Ismail A, Teh LK, Ngeow YF, Norazmi MN, Zainul ZF, Tang TH, et al.

Genome Announc, 2013;1(3).

PMID: 23788553 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00397-13

We report the annotated genome sequence of a clinical isolate, Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain PR05, which was isolated from the human cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis.

Fulltext Genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis strain PR03, isolated from a local hospital in Malaysia

Khalid MI, Teh LK, Lee LS, Zakaria ZA, Salleh MZ

Genome Announc, 2013;1(3).

PMID: 23792750 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00327-13

Proteus mirabilis is one of the pathogenic agents that commonly causes urinary tract infections among elderly individuals and long-term catheterized patients. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis strain PR03 (3,932,623 bp, with a G+C content of 38.6%) isolated from a local hospital in Malaysia.

Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae PR06

Mz IS, Teh LK, Salleh MZ

Genome Announc, 2013;1(3).

PMID: 23766409 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00351-13

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is a Gram-positive bacterium that was first recognized as a causative agent of bovine mastitis. S. agalactiae has subsequently emerged as a significant cause of human diseases. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of S. agalactiae PR06, which was isolated from a septicemic patient in a local hospital in Malaysia.

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