MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 32 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Role of Bacillus cereus in Improving the Growth and Phytoextractability of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch in Chromium Contaminated Soil

Akhtar N, Ilyas N, Yasmin H, Sayyed RZ, Hasnain Z, A Elsayed E, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Mar 12;26(6).
PMID: 33809305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061569

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mediate heavy metal tolerance and improve phytoextraction potential in plants. The present research was conducted to find the potential of bacterial strains in improving the growth and phytoextraction abilities of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch. in chromium contaminated soil. In this study, a total of 15 bacterial strains were isolated from heavy metal polluted soil and were screened for their heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promotion potential. The most efficient strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and was identified as Bacillus cereus. The isolate also showed the potential to solubilize phosphate and synthesize siderophore, phytohormones (indole acetic acid, cytokinin, and abscisic acid), and osmolyte (proline and sugar) in chromium (Cr+3) supplemented medium. The results of the present study showed that chromium stress has negative effects on seed germination and plant growth in B. nigra while inoculation of B. cereus improved plant growth and reduced chromium toxicity. The increase in seed germination percentage, shoot length, and root length was 28.07%, 35.86%, 19.11% while the fresh and dry biomass of the plant increased by 48.00% and 62.16%, respectively, as compared to the uninoculated/control plants. The photosynthetic pigments were also improved by bacterial inoculation as compared to untreated stress-exposed plants, i.e., increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoid was d 25.94%, 10.65%, 20.35%, and 44.30%, respectively. Bacterial inoculation also resulted in osmotic adjustment (proline 8.76% and sugar 28.71%) and maintained the membrane stability (51.39%) which was also indicated by reduced malondialdehyde content (59.53% decrease). The antioxidant enzyme activities were also improved to 35.90% (superoxide dismutase), 59.61% (peroxide), and 33.33% (catalase) in inoculated stress-exposed plants as compared to the control plants. B. cereus inoculation also improved the uptake, bioaccumulation, and translocation of Cr in the plant. Data showed that B. cereus also increased Cr content in the root (2.71-fold) and shoot (4.01-fold), its bioaccumulation (2.71-fold in root and 4.03-fold in the shoot) and translocation (40%) was also high in B. nigra. The data revealed that B. cereus is a multifarious PGPR that efficiently tolerates heavy metal ions (Cr+3) and it can be used to enhance the growth and phytoextraction potential of B. nigra in heavy metal contaminated soil.
Recent advances in PGPR-mediated resilience toward interactive effects of drought and salt stress in plants

Al-Turki A, Murali M, Omar AF, Rehan M, Sayyed RZ

Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1214845.
PMID: 37829451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214845

The present crisis at hand revolves around the need to enhance plant resilience to various environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses, to ensure sustainable agriculture and mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production. One such promising approach is the utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to mediate plant resilience to these stresses. Plants are constantly exposed to various stress factors, such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and nutrient deficiencies, which can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. The PGPR are beneficial microbes that reside in the rhizosphere of plants and have been shown to positively influence plant growth and stress tolerance through various mechanisms, including nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, and induction of systemic resistance. The review comprehensively examines the various mechanisms through which PGPR promotes plant resilience, including nutrient acquisition, hormonal regulation, and defense induction, focusing on recent research findings. The advancements made in the field of PGPR-mediated resilience through multi-omics approaches (viz., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to unravel the intricate interactions between PGPR and plants have been discussed including their molecular pathways involved in stress tolerance. Besides, the review also emphasizes the importance of continued research and implementation of PGPR-based strategies to address the pressing challenges facing global food security including commercialization of PGPR-based bio-formulations for sustainable agricultural.
Fulltext Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management

Arora H, Sharma A, Sharma S, Haron FF, Gafur A, Sayyed RZ, et al.

Microorganisms, 2021 Apr 13;9(4).
PMID: 33924471 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040823

Capsicum annuum L. is a significant horticulture crop known for its pungent varieties and used as a spice. The pungent character in the plant, known as capsaicinoid, has been discovered to have various health benefits. However, its production has been affected due to various exogenous stresses, including diseases caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Pythium spp. predominantly affecting the Capsicum plant in younger stages and causing damping-off, this pathogen can incite root rot in later plant growth stages. Due to the involvement of multiple Pythium spp. and their capability to disperse through various routes, their detection and diagnosis have become crucial. However, the quest for a point-of-care technology is still far from over. The use of an integrated approach with cultural and biological techniques for the management of Pythium spp. can be the best and most sustainable alternative to the traditionally used and hazardous chemical approach. The lack of race-specific resistance genes against Pythium spp. can be compensated with the candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) genes in C. annuum L. This review will focus on the epidemiological factors playing a major role in disease spread, the currently available diagnostics in species identification, and the management strategies with a special emphasis on Pythium spp. causing damping-off and root rot in different cultivars of C. annuum L.
Fulltext Psychrotolerant Mesorhizobium sp. Isolated from Temperate and Cold Desert Regions Solubilizes Potassium and Produces Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Metabolites

Baba ZA, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Alotaibi SH, El Enshasy HA, Ansari MJ, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Sep 23;26(19).
PMID: 34641302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195758

Soil potassium (K) supplement depends intensively on the application of chemical fertilizers, which have substantial harmful environmental effects. However, some bacteria can act as inoculants by converting unavailable and insoluble K forms into plant-accessible forms. Such bacteria are an eco-friendly approach for enhancing plant K absorption and consequently reducing utilization of chemical fertilization. Therefore, the present research was undertaken to isolate, screen, and characterize the K solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from the rhizosphere soils of northern India. Overall, 110 strains were isolated, but only 13 isolates showed significant K solubilizing ability by forming a halo zone on solid media. They were further screened for K solubilizing activity at 0 °C, 1 °C, 3 °C, 5 °C, 7 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C for 5, 10, and 20 days. All the bacterial isolates showed mineral K solubilization activity at these different temperatures. However, the content of K solubilization increased with the upsurge in temperature and period of incubation. The isolate KSB (Grz) showed the highest K solubilization index of 462.28% after 48 h of incubation at 20 °C. The maximum of 23.38 µg K/mL broth was solubilized by the isolate KSB (Grz) at 20 °C after 20 days of incubation. Based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization (through the 16S rDNA approach), the isolate KSB (Grz) was identified as Mesorhizobium sp. The majority of the strains produced HCN and ammonia. The maximum indole acetic acid (IAA) (31.54 µM/mL) and cellulase (390 µM/mL) were produced by the isolate KSB (Grz). In contrast, the highest protease (525.12 µM/mL) and chitinase (5.20 µM/mL) activities were shown by standard strain Bacillus mucilaginosus and KSB (Gmr) isolate, respectively.
Conservation agricultural practices for minimizing ammonia volatilization and maximizing wheat productivity

Bhaskar KA, Al-Hashimi A, Meena M, Meena VS, Langyan S, Shrivastava M, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Feb;29(7):9792-9804.
PMID: 34508308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16370-4

A large amount of ammonia volatilization from the agricultural system causes environmental problems and increases production costs. Conservation agriculture has emerged as an alternate and sustainable crop production system. Therefore, in the present study, ammonia losses from different agricultural practices were evaluated for the wheat crop under different tillage practices. The results of the present study showed that the cumulative emission of ammonia flux from the wheat field varied from 6.23 to 24.00 kg ha-1 (P ≤ 0.05) in conservation tillage (CA) and 7.03 to 26.58 kg ha-1 (P ≤ 0.05) in conventional tillage (CT) among different treatments. Application of basal 80% nitrogen resulted in the highest ammonia flux in conventional and conservation tillage practices. The ammonia volatilization followed the following trend: urea super granules with band placement > neem-coated urea with band placement > neem-coated urea with broadcast before irrigation > neem-coated urea with broadcast after irrigation > slow-release N fertilizer (urea stabilized with DCD and N(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide) with band placement. The conservation agricultural practices involving conservation tillage appear to be a sustainable approach for minimizing ammonia volatilization and improving wheat productivity.
Innovative production of value-added products using agro-industrial wastes via solid-state fermentation

Bibi F, Ilyas N, Saeed M, Shabir S, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(60):125197-125213.
PMID: 37482589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28765-6

The prevalence of organic solid waste worldwide has turned into a problem that requires comprehensive treatment on all fronts. The amount of agricultural waste generated by agro-based industries has more than triplet. It not only pollutes the environment but also wastes a lot of beneficial biomass resources. These wastes may be utilized as a different option/source for the manufacturing of many goods, including biogas, biofertilizers, biofuel, mushrooms and tempeh as the primary ingredients in numerous industries. Utilizing agro-industrial wastes as good raw materials may provide cost reduction and lower environmental pollution levels. Agro-industrial wastes are converted into biofuels, enzymes, vitamin supplements, antioxidants, livestock feed, antibiotics, biofertilizers and other compounds via solid-state fermentation (SSF). By definition, SSF is a method used when there is little to no free water available. As a result, it permits the use of solid materials as biotransformation substrates. Through SSF methods, a variety of microorganisms are employed to produce these worthwhile things. SSFs are therefore reviewed and discussed along with their impact on the production of value-added items. This review will provide thorough essential details information on recycling and the use of agricultural waste.
Toxicity assessment of microplastic (MPs); a threat to the ecosystem

Bostan N, Ilyas N, Akhtar N, Mehmood S, Saman RU, Sayyed RZ, et al.

Environ Res, 2023 Oct 01;234:116523.
PMID: 37422115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116523

Plastic is now considered part and parcel of daily life due to its extensive usage. Microplastic (MP) pollution is becoming a growing worry and has been ranked as the second most critical scientific problem in the realm of ecology and the environment. Microplastics are smaller in size than the plastic and are more harmful to biotic and as well as abiotic environments. The toxicity of microplastic depends upon its shape and size and increases with an increase in its adsorption capacity and their toxicity. The reason behind their harmful nature is their small size and their large surface area-to-volume ratio. Microplastic can get inside fruits, vegetables, seeds, roots, culms, and leaves. Hence microplastic enters into the food chain. There are different entry points for microplastic to enter into the food chain. Such sources can include polluted food, beverages, spices, plastic toys, and household (packing, cooking, etc.). The concentration of microplastic in terrestrial environments is increasing day by day. Microplastic causes the destruction of soil structure; destroys soil microbiota, cause depletion of nutrients in the soil, and their absorption by plants decreases plant growth. Apart from other environmental problems caused by microplastic, human health is also badly affected by microplastic pollution present in the terrestrial environment. The presence of microplastics in the human body has been confirmed. Microplastic enters into the body of humans in different possible ways. According to their way of entering the body, microplastics cause different diseases in humans. MPs also cause negative effects on the human endocrine system. At the ecosystem level, the impacts of microplastic are interconnected and can disrupt ecological processes. Although recently different papers have been published on several aspects of the microplastic present in the terrestrial environment but there is no complete overview that focus on the interrelationship of MPs in plants, and soil and their effect on higher animals like a human. This review provides a completely detailed overview of existing knowledge about sources, occurrences, transport, and effects of microplastic on the food chain and soil quality and their ecotoxicological effects on plants and humans.
Nanovesicle and extracellular polymeric substance synthesis from the remediation of heavy metal ions from soil

Budamagunta V, Shameem N, Irusappan S, Parray JA, Thomas M, Marimuthu S, et al.

Environ Res, 2023 Feb 15;219:114997.
PMID: 36529326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114997

Heavy metal toxicity affects aquatic plants and animals, disturbing biodiversity and ecological balance causing bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Industrialization and urbanization are inevitable in modern-day life, and control and detoxification methods need to be accorded to meet the hazardous environment. Microorganisms and plants have been widely used in the bioremediation of heavy metals. Sporosarcina pasteurii, a gram-positive bacterium that is widely known for its calcite precipitation property in bio-cementing applications has been explored in the study for its metal tolerance ability for the first time. S. pasteurii SRMNP1 (KF214757) can tolerate silver stress to form nanoparticles and can remediate multiple heavy metals to promote the growth of various plants. This astounding property of the isolate warranted extensive examinations to comprehend the physiological changes during an external heavy metal stress condition. The present study aimed to understand various physiological responses occurring in S. pasteuriiSRMNP1 during the metal tolerance phenomenon using electron microscopy. The isolate was subjected to heavy metal stress, and a transmission electron microscope examination was used to analyze the physiological changes in bacteria to evade the metal stress. S. pasteurii SRMNP1 was tolerant against a wide range of heavy metal ions and can withstand a broad pH range (5-9). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) examination of S. pasteurii SRMNP1 followed by 5 mM nickel sulfate treatment revealed the presence of nanovesicles encapsulating nanosized particles in intra and extracellular spaces. This suggests that the bacteria evade the metal stress by converting the metal ions into nanosized particles and encapsulating them within nanovesicles to efflux them through the vesicle budding mechanism. Moreover, the TEM images revealed an excessive secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by the strain to discharge the metal particles outside the bacterial system. S. pasteurii can be foreseen as an effective bioremediation agent with the potential to produce nanosized particles, nanovesicles, and extracellular polymeric substances. This study provides physiological evidence that, besides calcium precipitation applications, S. pasteurii can further be explored for its multidimensional roles in the fields of drug delivery and environmental engineering.
Fulltext Eco-friendly soil amendments improve growth, antioxidant activities, and root colonization in lingrain (Linum Usitatissimum L.) under drought conditions

Fallah M, Hadi H, Amirnia R, Hassanzadeh-Ghorttapeh A, Zuan ATK, Sayyed RZ

PLoS One, 2021;16(12):e0261225.
PMID: 34941919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261225

This study's primary purpose was to investigate the possible amelioration of limited irrigation conditions by mycorrhiza (AMF), vermicompost, and green manure for lingrain plants. This experiment was accomplished as a factorial based on the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was green manure (without green manure and with Trifolium pratense as green manure); the second factor consisted of Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhiza, vermicompost, a combination of mycorrhiza and vermicompost and none of them, and also the third factor was irrigation regime (full irrigation and late-season water limitation). Green manure, vermicompost, and mycorrhiza single-use enhanced the plant's underwater limitation conditions compared to the control. However, vermicompost and green manure or mycorrhiza developed a positive synergistic effect on most traits. Combining green manure with the dual fertilizer (mycorrhiza + vermicompost) resulted in the vermicompost and mycorrhiza synergistic effects, especially under limited irrigation. Consequently, the combination of green manure, mycorrhiza, and vermicompost experienced the highest amount of leaf relative water content, root colonization, leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes activity, grain yield, and oil yield, which would lead to more resistance of plants to limited irrigation conditions.
Fulltext Genetic assessment of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1.2) in Mangifera indica L. landraces

Fazeli-Nasab B, Sayyed RZ, Farsi M, Ansari S, El-Enshasy HA

Physiol Mol Biol Plants, 2020 Jan;26(1):107-117.
PMID: 32158124 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00732-x

Mango (Mangifera indica) is one of the most important tropical fruits in the world. Twenty-two genotypes of native mangoes from different regions of southern Iran (Hormozgan and Kerman) were collected and analyzed for the ribosomal genes. GC content was found to be 55.5%. Fu and Li's D* test statistic (0.437), Fu and Li's F* test statistic (0.500) and Tajima's D (1.801) were positive and nonsignificant. A total of 769 positions were identified (319 with insertion or deletion including 250 polymorphic and 69 monomorphic loci; 450 loci without any insertion or deletion including 35 Singletons and 22 haplotypes). Nucleotide diversity of 0.309 and a high genetic differentiation including Chi square of 79.8; P value of 0.3605 and df value of 76 was observed among mango genotypes studied. The numerical value of the ratio dN/dS (0.45) indicated a pure selection in the examined gene and the absence of any key changes. Cluster analysis differentiated the mango used in this research (M. indica L.) into two genotypes but could not differentiate their geographical locations. The results of this study indicated that a high genetic distance exists between HajiGholam (Manojan) and Arbabi (Rodan) genotypes and showed higher genetic diversity in mango of Rodan region. Results of present study suggested that for successful breeding, the genotypes of Rodan region mango especially Arbabi mango can be used as a gene donor and ITS can be a suitable tool for genetic evaluations of inter and intra species.
Fulltext Silver nanoparticles from insect wing extract: Biosynthesis and evaluation for antioxidant and antimicrobial potential

Jakinala P, Lingampally N, Hameeda B, Sayyed RZ, Khan M Y, Elsayed EA, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(3):e0241729.
PMID: 33735177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241729

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely synthesized and used nanoparticles (NPs). AgNPs have been traditionally synthesized from plant extracts, cobwebs, microorganisms, etc. However, their synthesis from wing extracts of common insect; Mang mao which is abundantly available in most of the Asian countries has not been explored yet. We report the synthesis of AgNPs from M. mao wings extract and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical, 40-60 nm in size and revealed strong absorption plasmon band around at 430 nm. Highly crystalline nature of these particles as determined by Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction further confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of AgNPs were observed to be 43.9 nm and -7.12 mV, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of characteristic amide proteins and aromatic functional groups. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids in the wings extract that may be responsible for biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Further, SDS-PAGE of the insect wing extract protein showed the molecular weight of 49 kDa. M. mao silver nanoparticles (MMAgNPs) exhibit strong antioxidant, broad-range antibacterial and antifungal activities, (66.8 to 87.0%), broad-range antibacterial and antifungal activities was found with maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 (35±0.4 mm) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini (86.6±0.4) which signifies their biomedical and agricultural potential.
Pan-genome analysis and molecular docking unveil the biocontrol potential of Bacillus velezensis VB7 against Phytophthora infestans

Kadiri M, Sevugapperumal N, Nallusamy S, Ragunathan J, Ganesan MV, Alfarraj S, et al.

Microbiol Res, 2023 Mar;268:127277.
PMID: 36577205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127277

Management of late blight of potato incited by Phytophthora infestans remains a major challenge. Coevolution of pathogen with resistant strains and the rise of fungicide resistance have made it more challenging to prevent the spread of P. infestans. Here, the anti-oomycete potential of Bacillus velezensis VB7 against P. infestans through pan-genome analysis and molecular docking were explored. The Biocontrol potential of VB7 against P. infestans was assessed using a confrontational assay. The biomolecules from the inhibition zone were identified and subjected to in silico analysis against P. infestans target proteins. Nucleotide sequences for 54 B. velezensis strains from different geographical locations were used for pan-genome analysis. The confrontational assay revealed the anti-oomycetes potential of VB7 against P. infestans. Molecular docking confirmed that the penicillamine disulfide had the maximum binding energy with eight effector proteins of P. infestans. Besides, scanning electron microscopic observations of P. infestans interaction with VB7 revealed structural changes in hypha and sporangia. Pan-genome analysis between 54 strains of B. velezensis confirmed that the core genome had 2226 genes, and it has an open pan-genome. The present study confirmed the anti-oomycete potential of B. velezensis VB7 against P. infestans and paved the way to explore the genetic potential of VB7.
Fulltext Recent Understanding of Soil Acidobacteria and Their Ecological Significance: A Critical Review

Kalam S, Basu A, Ahmad I, Sayyed RZ, El-Enshasy HA, Dailin DJ, et al.

Front Microbiol, 2020;11:580024.
PMID: 33193209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580024

Acidobacteria represents an underrepresented soil bacterial phylum whose members are pervasive and copiously distributed across nearly all ecosystems. Acidobacterial sequences are abundant in soils and represent a significant fraction of soil microbial community. Being recalcitrant and difficult-to-cultivate under laboratory conditions, holistic, polyphasic approaches are required to study these refractive bacteria extensively. Acidobacteria possesses an inventory of genes involved in diverse metabolic pathways, as evidenced by their pan-genomic profiles. Because of their preponderance and ubiquity in the soil, speculations have been made regarding their dynamic roles in vital ecological processes viz., regulation of biogeochemical cycles, decomposition of biopolymers, exopolysaccharide secretion, and plant growth promotion. These bacteria are expected to have genes that might help in survival and competitive colonization in the rhizosphere, leading to the establishment of beneficial relationships with plants. Exploration of these genetic attributes and more in-depth insights into the belowground mechanics and dynamics would lead to a better understanding of the functions and ecological significance of this enigmatic phylum in the soil-plant environment. This review is an effort to provide a recent update into the diversity of genes in Acidobacteria useful for characterization, understanding ecological roles, and future biotechnological perspectives.
Fulltext Effect of different levels of EDTA on phytoextraction of heavy metal and growth of Brassica juncea L

Kamal MA, Perveen K, Khan F, Sayyed RZ, Hock OG, Bhatt SC, et al.

Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1228117.
PMID: 37601347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228117

Heavy metal pollution of soil is a major concern due to its non-biodegradable nature, bioaccumulation, and persistence in the environment. To explore the probable function of EDTA in ameliorating heavy metal toxicity and achieve the sustainable development goal (SDG), Brassica juncea L. seedlings were treated with different concentrations of EDTA (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mM Kg-1) in heavy metal-polluted soil. Plant samples were collected 60 days after sowing; photosynthetic pigments, H2O2, monoaldehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, and ascorbic acid content, as well as plant biomass, were estimated in plants. Soil and plant samples were also examined for the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg. Moreover, values of the phytoremediation factor were utilized to assess the accumulation capacity of heavy metals by B. juncea under EDTA treatments. In the absence of EDTA, B. juncea seedlings accrued heavy metals in their roots and shoots in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the highest biomass of plants (roots and shoots) was recorded with the application of 2 mM kg-1 EDTA. Moreover, high levels (above 3 mM kg-1) of EDTA concentration have reduced the biomass of plants (roots and shoots), photosynthetic area, and chlorophyll content. The effect of EDTA levels on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) revealed that with an increment in EDTA concentration, accumulation of heavy metals was also increased in the plant, subsequently decreasing the chlorophyll a and b concentration in the plant. TLF was found to be in the order Pb> Hg> Zn> and >Ni, while TF was found to be in the order Hg>Zn>Ni>Pb, and the best dose was 3 mM kg-1 EDTA for Hg and 4 mM kg-1 for Pb, Ni, and Zn. Furthermore, hyperaccumulation of heavy metals enhanced the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2•-), and lipid peroxidation. It also interrupts mechanisms of the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, heavy metal stress reduced plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll (chl) content. These findings suggest that the exogenous addition of EDTA to the heavy metal-treated seedlings increases the bioavailability of heavy metals for phytoextraction and decreases heavy metal-induced oxidative injuries by restricting heavy metal uptake and components of their antioxidant defense systems.
Fulltext Nuts as a Part of Dietary Strategy to Improve Metabolic Biomarkers: A Narrative Review

Khalili L, A-Elgadir TME, Mallick AK, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ

Front Nutr, 2022;9:881843.
PMID: 35425791 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881843

BACKGROUND: Nuts are in the spotlight because of their association with improved health outcomes. We aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies to evaluate the impact of nuts consumption on glycaemic and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
METHODS: Electronic searches for observational and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until 2022 for searching the studies aiming the application of different types of nuts and the beneficial effects of nuts in improving glycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
RESULTS: Results from 56 interventional, 9 narrative and 3 systematic reviews, and 12 meta-analysis studies, aiming at the evaluating beneficial effects of different types of nuts on metabolic markers, showed that nut consumption could improve metabolic markers, including glycaemic factors, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in both healthy and individuals with metabolic disorders in a type-, dose- and duration-dependent manner. According to their unique nutrient components, nuts can be known as a part of a healthy diet, resulting in improved metabolic biomarkers.
CONCLUSION: Considering the efficacy of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporation of, incorporating nuts the effectiveness of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporating nuts in the diet may prevent the incidence or aggravation of chronic metabolic diseases. Considering the health benefits of the nuts' components, including essential micronutrients, if consumed in the appropriate dose and duration to provide the necessary amount of effective micronutrients to improve health, we will see an improvement in metabolic factors. At the same time, more research is required to determine the optimal type, dose, and duration of nut intervention with regards to metabolic control and reducing the risk of developing metabolic disorders.
Fulltext Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated From Saline Soil Improve Nitrogen Fixation and Alleviate Salt Stress in Rice Plants

Khumairah FH, Setiawati MR, Fitriatin BN, Simarmata T, Alfaraj S, Ansari MJ, et al.

Front Microbiol, 2022;13:905210.
PMID: 35770168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905210

Salinity is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses due to climate change impacts that affect the growth and yield of crops, especially in lowland rice fields and coastal areas. This research aimed to isolate potential halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from different rhizo-microbiome and use them as effective bioinoculants to improve rice growth under salinity stress conditions. Bioassay using rice seedlings was performed in a randomized block design consisting of 16 treatments (control and 15 bacterial isolates) with three replications. Results revealed that isolates S3, S5, and S6 gave higher shoot height, root length, and plant dry weight compared with control (without isolates). Based on molecular characteristics, isolates S3 and S5 were identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri and Klebsiella pneumonia. These isolates were able to promote rice growth under salinity stress conditions as halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. These three potent isolates were found to produce indole-3-acetic acid and nitrogenase.
Fulltext Production of Plant Beneficial and Antioxidants Metabolites by Klebsiellavariicola under Salinity Stress

Kusale SP, Attar YC, Sayyed RZ, Malek RA, Ilyas N, Suriani NL, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Mar 26;26(7).
PMID: 33810565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071894

Bacteria that surround plant roots and exert beneficial effects on plant growth are known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In addition to the plant growth-promotion, PGPR also imparts resistance against salinity and oxidative stress and needs to be studied. Such PGPR can function as dynamic bioinoculants under salinity conditions. The present study reports the isolation of phytase positive multifarious Klebsiella variicola SURYA6 isolated from wheat rhizosphere in Kolhapur, India. The isolate produced various plant growth-promoting (PGP), salinity ameliorating, and antioxidant traits. It produced organic acid, yielded a higher phosphorous solubilization index (9.3), maximum phytase activity (376.67 ± 2.77 U/mL), and copious amounts of siderophore (79.0%). The isolate also produced salt ameliorating traits such as indole acetic acid (78.45 ± 1.9 µg/mL), 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (0.991 M/mg/h), and exopolysaccharides (32.2 ± 1.2 g/L). In addition to these, the isolate also produced higher activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (13.86 IU/mg protein), catalase (0.053 IU/mg protein), and glutathione oxidase (22.12 µg/mg protein) at various salt levels. The isolate exhibited optimum growth and maximum secretion of these metabolites during the log-phase growth. It exhibited sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics and did not produce hemolysis on blood agar, indicative of its non-pathogenic nature. The potential of K. variicola to produce copious amounts of various PGP, salt ameliorating, and antioxidant metabolites make it a potential bioinoculant for salinity stress management.
Structural breakdown and phytotoxic assessments of PE degradation through acid hydrolysis, starch addition and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioremediation

Mehmood S, Ilyas N, Akhtar N, Chia WY, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, et al.

Environ Res, 2023 Jan 15;217:114784.
PMID: 36395868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114784

Vast amounts of plastic waste are causing serious environmental issues and urge to develop of new remediation methods. The aim of the study is to determine the role of inorganic (nitric acid), organic (starch addition), and biological (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) soil amendments on the degradation of Polyethylene (PE) and phytotoxic assessment for the growth of lettuce plant. The PE-degrading bacteria were isolated from the plastic-contaminated soil. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OP007126) and showed the highest degradation percentage for PE. PE was pre-treated with nitric acid as well as starch and incubated in the soil, whereas P. aeruginosa was also inoculated in PE-contaminated soils. Different combinations were also tested. FTIR analysis and weight reduction showed that though nitric acid was efficient in degradation, the combined application of starch and bacteria also showed effective degradation of PE. Phytotoxicity was assessed using morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of plant. Untreated PE significantly affected plants' physiology, resulting in a 45% reduction in leaf chlorophyll and a 40% reduction in relative water content. It also had adverse effects on the biochemical parameters of lettuce. Bacterial inoculation and starch treatment mitigated the harmful impact of stress and improved plants' growth as well as physiological and biochemical parameters; however, the nitric treatment proved phytotoxic. The observed results revealed that bacteria and starch could be effectively used for the degradation of pre-treated PE.
Fulltext Multifarious Indigenous Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rhizosphere and Their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion

Mir MI, Hameeda B, Quadriya H, Kumar BK, Ilyas N, Kee Zuan AT, et al.

Front Nutr, 2021;8:781764.
PMID: 35096930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.781764

A diverse group of rhizobacteria persists in the rhizospheric soil, on the surface of roots, or in association with rice plants. These bacteria colonize plant root systems, enhance plant growth and crop yield. Indigenous rhizobacteria are known to promote soil health, grain production quality and serve as sustainable bioinoculant. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize indigenous plant growth promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of rice fields from different areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A total of 15 bacteria were isolated and evaluated for various PGP traits, antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation under in-vitro conditions. The majority of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. Out of 15 bacterial isolates, nine isolates produced IAA (12.24 ± 2.86 to 250.3 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 6 isolates exhibited phosphate solubilization activity (36.69 ± 1.63 to 312.4 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 7 isolates exhibited rock phosphate solubilization while 5 isolates solubilized zinc (10-18 mm), 7 isolates showed siderophore production, 8 isolates exhibited HCN production, 6 isolates exhibited aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, 13 isolates exhibited cellulase activity, nine isolates exhibited amylase and lipase activity and six isolates exhibited chitinase activity. In addition, 5 isolates showed amplification with the nifH gene and showed a significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 0.127-4.39 μmol C2H4/mg protein/h. Five isolates viz., IHK-1, IHK-3, IHK-13, IHK-15 and IHK-25 exhibited most PGP attributes and successfully limited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in-vitro. All the five bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing study, as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Ochrobactrum haematophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rice plants developed from seeds inoculated with these PGP strains individually had considerably higher germination percentage, seed vigor index and total dry biomass when compared to control. These findings strongly imply that the PGP diazotrophic bacteria identified in this work could be employed as plant growth stimulators in rice.
Triamcinolone Acetonide Produced by Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6 Exerts Antagonistic Activity Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense: A Computational Analysis

Nayana RUK, Nakkeeran S, Saranya N, Saravanan R, Mahendra K, Ashraf S, et al.

Mol Biotechnol, 2023 Aug 09.
PMID: 37556108 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00797-w

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is one of the most severe and threatening pathogens of bananas, causing "Panama wilt" worldwide. Confrontation assay of Foc antagonistic bacterial endophyte, Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6, with the Foc and GC-MS profiling of excised agar from the zone of inhibition, led to the unveiling of secondary metabolites produced by the endophyte. To refine the probable antifungal compounds among the numerous biomolecules formed during their di-trophic interaction with the pathogen, fungal protein targets were modeled, and docking studies (AutoDock Vina module of the PyRx 0.8 server) were done with all the compounds. Triamcinolone acetonide exhibited the most excellent affinity for the protein targets among the compounds studied. It had a maximum binding affinity of 11.2 kcal/mol for XRN2 (5' → 3'). Further, the protein-ligand complex formation kinetics was done through Molecular Dynamic Simulation studies. Graphs for the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, potential energy, and SASA were generated, and the values during the simulation period suggested the stability of the biomolecule as a complex with the protein. This indicated Triamcinolone acetonide's potential ability to act as a functional disrupter of the target protein and likely an antifungal molecule. Further, the biomolecule was tested for its activity against Foc by screening in the wet lab through the poisoned plate technique, and it was found to be fully inhibitory to the growth of the pathogen at 1000 ppm.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links