Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 23 in total

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  1. Re: Intrarenal and extrarenal autonomic nervous system redefined: A. Lusch, R. Leary, E. Heidari, M. A. Liss, Z. Okhunov, A. Perez-Lanzac De Lorca, J. Huang, J. Wikenheiser and J. Landman. J Urol 2014; 191: 1060-1065
    Das S, Suhaimi FH
    J Urol, 2014 Oct;192(4):1299-300; discussion 1300.
    PMID: 25043648 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.100
  2. Re: Kozacioglu et al.: Anatomy of the dorsal nerve of the penis, clinical implications (Urology 2014;83:121-125)
    Suhaimi FH, Abd Ghafar N, Das S
    Urology, 2014 May;83(5):1207-8.
    PMID: 24767534 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.01.033
  3. The underlying mechanism of action for various medicinal properties of Piper betle (betel)
    Haslan H, Suhaimi FH, Thent ZC, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2015;166(5):208-14.
    PMID: 26550811 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1880
    Piper betle (betel) plant belongs to the Piperaceae family. Piper. betle is widely known for its potent medicinal properties. Various active compounds are present in Piper. betle such as allylpyrocatechol, hydroxychavicol, piperbetol, ethylpiperbetol, piperol A, piperol B, chavibetol, and alkaloids which account for these beneficial medicinal properties. In the present narrative review, we looked into the various active compounds present in the Piper betle and attempted to understand their underlying mechanism of action. Proper understanding of the molecular biology involving the mechanism of action may help in better drug formulation and provide better therapeutic actions in the field of alternative and complementary medicine.
  4. Anomalous splenic notches: a cadaveric study with clinical importance
    Das S, Abd Latiff A, Suhaimi FH, Ghazalli H, Othman F
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008;109(11):513-6.
    PMID: 19205563
    To study the anomalous splenic notches and discuss their clinical importance.
  5. Congenital arteriovenous communication in the arm: a cadaveric study
    Das S, Othman F, Suhaimi FH, Latiff AA
    Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2008;49(3):421-3.
    PMID: 18758652
    An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein is known as arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The AVM or the AVF might be congenital in origin or even acquired. The arteriovenous communications are usually surgically made in patients undergoing repeated hemodialysis, while suffering from any chronic renal disease. The abnormal arteriovenous communications may be asymptomatic in nature. The arteriovenous communications might be an incidental finding during any anatomical dissections or medico-legal autopsies. The present study reports the presence of BBC on both sides of a 54-year-old male cadaver who died of road traffic accident. There was a communication between the brachial artery and the brachial vein, 11.5 cm above the medial epicondyle. The oblique communicating channel measured 1.5 cm in length and connected the brachial artery to the brachial vein. A detailed histological study of the communication showed the presence of thick tunica media. Knowledge of arteriovenous communications may be beneficial for any academic studies and equally important for vascular surgeons and radiologists performing angiographic studies.
  6. Anomalous styloid process and its clinical implications
    Das S, Suhaimi FH, Othman F, Latiff AA
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008;109(1):31-3.
    PMID: 18447260
    In literature, there is paucity of information on the different shapes of styloid processes of the temporal bone of the skull. Textbooks of anatomy describe the styloid process to be slender, approximately 2.5 cm in length and concave on the anterior aspect only. In the present case, we observed the styloid process to be much longer than usual, bearing a concavity on the anterior, as well as the posterior aspects as a consequence of which, the bone was constricted in its proximal part. The mastoid process which is usually conical, was found to be rounded in this case. The length of the styloid process measured 2.8 and 2.7 cm on left and right sides, respectively. The skiagram displayed the biconcave profile of the styloid process and the rounded appearance of the mastoid process, thus substantiated the findings on gross examination of the skull. The anatomical knowledge of the mastoid process is important for surgeons assessing the mastoid air cells. The elongated styloid process is often a feature of Eagle's syndrome. An enlarged and calcified styloid process is often asymptomatic, unless detected radiologically. An abnormally elongated styloid process or its calcification may cause recurrent throat pain, foreign body sensation, dysphagia, or facial pain. An enlarged styloid process may also compress upon the internal carotid artery, leading to transient ischemic attack and may pose a threat to anesthetists performing intubation procedures. Awareness of such variations may be of clinical importance to radiologists and surgeons (Fig. 2, Ref. 11). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
  7. Accessory sulci of the liver. An anatomical study with clinical implications
    Othman FB, Latiff AA, Suhaimi FH, Das S
    Saudi Med J, 2008 Sep;29(9):1247-9.
    PMID: 18813405
    To study the presence of accessory sulcus (AS) in the embalmed cadaveric livers, and compare it with the normal liver.
  8. Accessory renal vessels at the upper and lower pole of the kidney: a cadaveric study with clinical implications
    Hlaing KP, Das S, Sulaiman IM, Abd-Latiff A, Abd-Ghafar N, Suhaimi FH, et al.
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2010;111(5):308-10.
    PMID: 20568426
    The renal artery is known to exhibit variations in its number and position. The present study was performed on 50 cadaveric kidneys to observe the topographical anatomy of the accessory renal arteries (ARA) entering the upper or lower poles of the kidney. Out of 50 kidney cadaveric specimens (irrespective of sex) studied, 2 kidneys (4%) showed the presence of ARA. The presence of ARA was observed on the left and right kidneys, respectively. In one left kidney, we observed in addition to the usual renal artery, an ARA near the lower pole of the kidney which divided into anterior and posterior branches. Another right kidney specimen exhibited the presence of single and double ARA at the upper and the lower poles, respectively. The presence of ARA, both at the upper and lower poles is a rare entity. No medical history of the cadavers was available to corroborate the clinical findings. Additional renal vessels may signify a developmental defect. Anatomical knowledge of the variations in the renal vascular supply may be important for abdominal imaging studies and surgical operations involving renal transplantations. The present study discusses in detail the anatomical features and clinical implications of ARA located at both the upper and lower poles of the kidney (Fig. 2, Ref. 15). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
  9. Atlanto-occipital fusion: an osteological study with clinical implications
    Kassim NM, Latiff AA, Das S, Ghafar NA, Suhaimi FH, Othman F, et al.
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2010;111(10):562-5.
    PMID: 21125803
    Atlanto-occipital fusion may be symptomatic or asymptomatic in nature. The anomaly may be incidentally detected at autopsies or during routine cadaveric dissections. The fusion of the atlas with occipital bone may result in the compression of vertebral artery and first cervical nerve.
  10. The accessory foramen ovale of the skull: an osteological study
    Abd Latiff A, Das S, Sulaiman IM, Hlaing KP, Suhaimi FH, Ghazalli H, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2009;160(4):291-3.
    PMID: 19795082
    The sphenoid bone is known to have several foramina and the foramen ovale is one amongst them. The foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve, accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve and the emissary veins. There have been past reports on the variations of the different foramina present in the skull but there are no reports on the variations of the skull foramina from any of the South-East Asian countries. The present study aims to highlight the presence of an accessory foramen ovale in the skull in Malaysian population. Both sides of fifteen adult skulls (n = 30) were taken for observation of any variations in the foramen ovale. We observed the presence of accessory foramen ovale on the left side of a single skull (3.33%). The minute accessory foramen ovale was located 0.1 cm medial to the normal foramen ovale. The anomalous accessory foramen ovale was circular in shape and measured 0.1 cm in diameter. Anatomical knowledge of the foramen ovale is important for all neurosurgical procedures involving the trigeminal nerve and administration of anaesthesia in the mandibular nerve. Interestingly, the percutaneous biopsy of the cavernous sinus is also performed through the foramen ovale. Prior knowledge of the presence of an accessory foramen ovale may be important for academic, anthropological, forensic and clinical purpose and the present study aims to highlight such.
  11. An anatomico-radiological study of the grooves for occipital sinus in the posterior cranial fossa
    Das S, Abd Latiff A, Suhaimi FH, Othman FB, Yahaya MF, Ahmad F, et al.
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008;109(11):520-4.
    PMID: 19205565
    The occipital sinus (OS) lies in the attached margin of the faix cerebelli in the internal occipital crest of the occipital bone. The OS extends from the foramen magnum to the confluence of sinuses. Standard textbooks and research reports do not describe in detail any variation in the groove for the occipital sinus.
  12. The additional tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle of the hand: an anatomical study with a clinical significance
    Das S, Sulaiman IM, Hussan F, Latiff AA, Suhaimi FH, Othman F
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008;109(12):584-6.
    PMID: 19348385
    The extensor digitorum (ED) muscle of the hand originates from the lateral condyle of the humerus and splits into four tendons; each for one phalanx except the thumb. Literature reports have described multiple tendons (usually two) to each digit but in the presented study we observed four tendons to the ring finger, what is rare. During a routine dissection of the cadavers, we observed an anomalous arrangement of the ED tendon on the left hand of a 42-year-old male. The anomalous tendons to the ring finger were studied in detail, the surrounding structures were carefully delineated and the specimen was photographed. The ED muscle originated as usual from the lateral condyle of the humerus, continued downwards, passing inferiorly to the extensor retinaculum to split into individual tendons for each of the digits. There was a single tendon to the index, middle and ring finger as usual but the ring finger displayed four tendons. All the tendons attached to the phalanges were as described in anatomy textbooks. The arrangement of the anomalous tendons of ED to each of the digits is not uncommon, but existence of four tendons to the ring finger is extremely rare. The increased number of tendons to the ring finger may increase the extension component of the ring finger. Anatomical knowledge of the tendons of the extensor muscles of the hand may be also beneficial for hand surgeons performing graft operations (Fig. 2, Ref. 11). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
  13. Fulltext The relationship between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis: a review
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Nutrients, 2016 Jun 07;8(6).
    PMID: 27338453 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060347
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
  14. Fulltext Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Fairus A, Ima-Nirwana S
    Nutr Metab (Lond), 2016;13:65.
    PMID: 27708685 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0123-9
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of developing MetS in human depends on synergy of both genetic and environmental factors. Being a multifactorial condition with alarming rate of prevalence nowadays, establishment of appropriate experimental animal models mimicking the disease state in humans is crucial in order to solve the difficulties in evaluating the pathophysiology of MetS in human. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of dietary, genetic, and pharmacological models of MetS. Furthermore, we will discuss the usefulness, suitability, pros and cons of these animal models. Even though numerous animal models of MetS have been established, further investigations on the invention of new animal model and clarification of plausible mechanisms are still necessary to confer a better understanding to researchers on the selection of animal models for their studies.
  15. Exploring the potential of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana as a single agent targeting metabolic syndrome and bone loss
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Bone, 2018 11;116:8-21.
    PMID: 29990585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.003
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with osteoporosis due to the underlying inflammatory and hormonal changes. Annatto tocotrienol has been shown to improve medical complications associated with MetS or bone loss in animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of annatto tocotrienol as a single treatment for MetS and osteoporosis in high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced MetS animals. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The baseline group was euthanized at the onset of the study. The normal group received standard rat chow and tap water. The remaining groups received HCHF diet and treated with three different regimens orally daily: (a) tocopherol-stripped corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol), (b) 60 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol, and (c) 100 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol. At the end of the study, measurements of MetS parameters, body compositions, and bone mineral density were performed in animals before sacrifice. Upon euthanasia, blood and femur of the rats were harvested for the evaluations of bone microstructure, biomechanical strength, remodelling activities, hormonal changes, and inflammatory response. Treatment with annatto tocotrienol improved all MetS parameters (except abdominal obesity), trabecular bone microstructure, bone strength, increased osteoclast number, normalized hormonal changes and inflammatory response in the HCHF animals. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol is a potential agent for managing MetS and osteoporosis concurrently. The beneficial effects of annatto tocotrienol may be attributed to its ability to prevent the hormonal changes and pro-inflammatory state in animals with MetS.
  16. Fulltext The Effects of Vitamin E from Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) in a Rat Model of Bone Loss Due to Metabolic Syndrome
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018 08 24;15(9).
    PMID: 30149518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091828
    The beneficial effects of vitamin E in improving components of MetS or bone loss have been established. This study aimed to investigate the potential of palm vitamin E (PVE) as a single agent, targeting MetS and bone loss concurrently, using a MetS animal model. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The baseline group was sacrificed upon arrival. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The remaining three groups were fed with high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet and treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PVE. At the end of the study, the rats were evaluated for MetS parameters and bone density. After euthanasia, blood and femurs were harvested for the evaluation of lipid profile, bone histomorphometric analysis, and remodeling markers. PVE improved blood pressure, glycemic status, and lipid profile; increased osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, bone volume, and trabecular thickness, as well as decreased eroded surface and single-labeled surface. Administration of PVE also significantly reduced leptin level in the HCHF rats. PVE is a potential agent in concurrently preventing MetS and protecting bone loss. This may be, in part, achieved by reducing the leptin level and modulating the bone remodeling activity in male rats.
  17. The Effects of a Modified High-carbohydrate High-fat Diet on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Male Rats
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 2018 Apr;126(4):205-212.
    PMID: 29117620 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119352
    Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A previous study has established that high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF) can induce MetS in rats. In this study, we modified components of the diet so that it resembled the diet of Southeast Asians. This study aimed to determine the effects of this modified HCHF diet on metabolic parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats (n=14) were randomised into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The MetS group was given the HCHF diet, comprises of fructose, sweetened condensed milk, ghee, Hubble Mendel and Wakeman salt mixture, and powdered rat food. The diet regimen was assigned for a period of 16 weeks. Metabolic syndrome parameters (abdominal circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile) were measured at week 0, 8, 12, and 16 of the study. The measurement of whole body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and percentage of fat) was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at week 0, 8, and 16. Our results indicated that the components of MetS were partially developed after 8 weeks of HCHF diet. Systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fat content, and percentage of fat was significantly higher in the HCHF group compared to normal group (p<0.05). After 12 weeks of HCHF diet, the rats showed significant increases in abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia compared to normal control (p<0.05). In conclusion, MetS is successfully established in male rats induced by the modified HCHF diet after 12 weeks.
  18. Osteoporosis is associated with metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat diet in a rat model
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Jamil NA, Ima-Nirwana S
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Feb;98:191-200.
    PMID: 29257979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.042
    This study aimed to investigate the bone quality in rats induced with metabolic syndrome (MetS) using high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Male Wistar rats (n = 14) were randomized into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The MetS group was given HCHF diet. Diet regimen was assigned for a period of 20 weeks. Metabolic syndrome parameters were measured monthly until MetS was established. Left tibiae were scanned using micro-computed tomography at week 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 to analyze the trabecular and cortical bone structure. At the end of the study, rats were euthanized and their bones were harvested for analysis. Metabolic syndrome was established at week 12 in the HCHF rats. Significant deterioration of trabecular bone was observed at week 20 in the HCHF group (p  0.05). Femur length and width in the HCHF group were significantly shorter than the normal group (p 
  19. Fulltext Effects of metabolic syndrome on bone mineral density, histomorphometry and remodelling markers in male rats
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    PLoS One, 2018;13(2):e0192416.
    PMID: 29420594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192416
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet on bone mineral density (BMD), histomorphometry and remodelling markers in male rats. Twelve male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks old were randomized into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow while the HCHF group was given HCHF diet to induce MetS. Abdominal circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile were measured for the confirmation of MetS. Bone mineral density, histomorphometry and remodelling markers were evaluated for the confirmation of bone loss. The HCHF diet caused central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in male rats. No significant difference was observed in whole body bone mineral content and BMD between the normal and HCHF rats (p>0.05). For bone histomorphometric parameters, HCHF diet-fed animals had significantly lower osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, osteoid volume, and significantly higher eroded surface; resulting in a reduction in trabecular bone volume (p<0.05). Feeding on HCHF diet caused a significantly higher CTX-1 level (p<0.05), but did not cause any significant change in osteocalcin level compared to normal rats (p>0.05). In conclusion, HCHF diet-induced MetS causes imbalance in bone remodelling, leading to the deterioration of trabecular bone structure.
  20. Piper sarmentosum enhances fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a radiological study
    Estai MA, Suhaimi FH, Das S, Fadzilah FM, Alhabshi SM, Shuid AN, et al.
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2011;66(5):865-72.
    PMID: 21789393
    INTRODUCTION: Osteoporotic fractures are common during osteoporotic states. Piper sarmentosum extract is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

    OBJECTIVES: To observe the radiological changes in fracture calluses following administration of a Piper sarmentosum extract during an estrogen-deficient state.

    METHODS: A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: (i) the sham-operated group; (ii) the ovariectomized-control group; (iii) the ovariectomized + estrogen-replacement therapy (ovariectomized-control + estrogen replacement therapy) group, which was supplemented with estrogen (100 μg/kg/day); and (iv) the ovariectomized + Piper sarmentosum (ovariectomized + Piper sarmentosum) group, which was supplemented with a water-based Piper sarmentosum extract (125 mg/kg). Six weeks after an ovariectomy, the right femora were fractured at the mid-diaphysis, and a K-wire was inserted. Each group of rats received their respective treatment for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, the right femora were subjected to radiological assessment.

    RESULTS: The mean axial callus volume was significantly higher in the ovariectomized-control group (68.2 ± 11.74 mm³) than in the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups (20.4 ± 4.05, 22.4 ± 4.14 and 17.5 ± 3.68 mm³, respectively). The median callus scores for the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups had median (range, minimum - maximum value) as 1.0 (0 - 2), 1.0 (1 - 2) and 1.0 (1 - 2), respectively, which were significantly lower than the ovariectomized-control group score of 2.0 (2 - 3). The median fracture scores for the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups were 3.0 (3 - 4), 3.0 (2 - 3) and 3.0 (2 - 3), respectively, which were significantly higher than the ovariectomized-control group score of 2.0 (1 - 2) (p<0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The Piper sarmentosum extract improved fracture healing, as assessed by the reduced callus volumes and reduced callus scores. This extract is beneficial for fractures in osteoporotic states.

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