MyMedR

Quercetin against MCF7 and CAL51 breast cancer cell lines: apoptosis, gene expression and cytotoxicity of nano-quercetin

Mohammed HA, Sulaiman GM, Anwar SS, Tawfeeq AT, Khan RA, Mohammed SAA, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 09;16(22):1937-1961.

PMID: 34431317 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0070

Aims: To evaluate the anti breast-cancer activity, biocompatibility and toxicity of poly(d,l)-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-encapsulated quercetin nanoparticles (Q-PLGA-NPs). Materials & methods: Quercetin was nano-encapsulated by an emulsion-diffusion process, and the nanoparticles were fully characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffractions, FESEM and zeta-sizer analysis. Activity against CAL51 and MCF7 cell lines were assessed by DNA fragmentation assays, fluorescence microscopy, and acridine-orange, and propidium-iodide double-stainings. Biocompatibility towards red blood cells and toxicity towards mice were also explored. Results: The Q-PLGA-NPs exhibited apoptotic activity against the cell lines. The murine in vivo studies showed no significant alterations in the liver and kidney's functional biomarkers, and no apparent abnormalities, or tissue damages were observed in the histological images of the liver, spleen, lungs, heart and kidneys. Conclusion: The study established the preliminary in vitro efficacy and in vivo safety of Q-PLGA-NPs as a potential anti-breast cancer formulation.

Anticancer palladium-doped magnesia nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro study

Al-Fahdawi MQ, Rasedee A, Al-Doghachi FA, Rosli R, Taufiq-Yap YH, Al-Qubaisi MS

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2020 03;15(6):547-561.

PMID: 32063101 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0178

Aim: To prepare, physicochemically characterize and determine the anticancer effects of palladium-doped magnesia (Pd/MgO) nanoparticles. Materials & methods: Pd/MgO nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method from the aqueous solution of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O using K2CO3 and the impregnation of MgO into palladium acetylacetonate. Results: Pd/MgO nanoparticles were between 47 and 70 nm in size, cuboid in shape, and tended to form aggregates. Nanoparticles were more antiproliferative toward cancer than the normal cells. In cancer cells, Pd/MgO nanoparticles induced apoptosis by increasing caspase activities and stimulating cytochrome C release. The anticancer effects of Pd/MgO nanoparticles were accentuated by the upregulation of Bax and p53 and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expressions. Conclusion: Pd/MgO nanoparticles have potential to be developed as an anticancer compound.

Curcumin-loaded niosomes downregulate mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers involved in asthma: an in vitro study

Jin-Ying Wong, Yin Ng Z, Mehta M, Shukla SD, Panneerselvam J, Madheswaran T, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2020 12;15(30):2955-2970.

PMID: 33252322 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0260

Aim: In this study, curcumin was encapsulated in niosomes (Nio-Curc) to increase its effectiveness for the treatment of asthma. Materials & methods: The formulation underwent various physicochemical characterization experiments, an in vitro release study, molecular simulations and was evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Results: Results showed that Nio-Curc had a mean particle size of 284.93 ± 14.27 nm, zeta potential of -46.93 and encapsulation efficacy of 99.62%, which demonstrates optimized physicochemical characteristics. Curcumin release in vitro could be sustained for up to 24 h. Additionally, Nio-Curc effectively reduced mRNA transcript expression of pro-inflammatory markers; IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α in immortalized human airway basal cell line (BCi-NS1.1). Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated that Nio-Curc mitigated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers in an in vitro study, which could be applied to treatment of asthma with further studies.

Versatility of liquid crystalline nanoparticles in inflammatory lung diseases

Chan Y, Mehta M, Paudel KR, Madheswaran T, Panneerselvam J, Gupta G, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 08;16(18):1545-1548.

PMID: 34184917 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0114

Drug delivery advances in mitigating inflammation via matrix metalloproteinases in respiratory diseases

Mehta M, Paudel KR, Panth N, Xenaki D, Macloughlin R, Oliver BG, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 03;16(6):437-439.

PMID: 33599533 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0016

Fulltext Effects of curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells

Sharma A, Hawthorne S, Jha SK, Jha NK, Kumar D, Girgis S, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 08;16(20):1763-1773.

PMID: 34296625 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0066

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the anticancer potential of curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nanoparticles (NPs) in MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Methods: Curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs were developed using a modified solvent evaporation technique. Physical characterization was performed on the formulated NPs. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to study the biological activity of the curcumin-loaded NPs. Results: Curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency and sustained payload release. Moreover, the NPs exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability, cell migration and cell invasion in the MDA-MB231 cells. Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulated curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs possessed significant anti-metastatic properties. The findings showcased the possible potential of curcumin-loaded NPs in the management of debilitating conditions such as cancer. In addition, this study could form the basis for further research and advancements in this area.

Applications and practice of advanced drug delivery systems for targeting Toll-like receptors in pulmonary diseases

Chan Y, Prasher P, Löbenberg R, Gupta G, Singh SK, Oliver BG, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 04;16(10):783-786.

PMID: 33733817 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0056

Fulltext Advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery in targeting PI3K signaling in respiratory diseases

Chan Y, MacLoughlin R, Zacconi FC, Tambuwala MM, Pabari RM, Singh SK, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 07;16(16):1351-1355.

PMID: 33998829 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0087

Fulltext Advances in pulmonary drug delivery targeting microbial biofilms in respiratory diseases

Sharma A, Kumar D, Dahiya K, Hawthorne S, Jha SK, Jha NK, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 09;16(21):1905-1923.

PMID: 34348474 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0057

The increasing burden of respiratory diseases caused by microbial infections poses an immense threat to global health. This review focuses on the various types of biofilms that affect the respiratory system and cause pulmonary infections, specifically bacterial biofilms. The article also sheds light on the current strategies employed for the treatment of such pulmonary infection-causing biofilms. The potential of nanocarriers as an effective treatment modality for pulmonary infections is discussed, along with the challenges faced during treatment and the measures that may be implemented to overcome these. Understanding the primary approaches of treatment against biofilm infection and applications of drug-delivery systems that employ nanoparticle-based approaches in the disruption of biofilms are of utmost interest which may guide scientists to explore the vistas of biofilm research while determining suitable treatment modalities for pulmonary respiratory infections.

Advanced drug delivery approaches in managing TGF-β-mediated remodeling in lung diseases

Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Gupta PK, Kesari KK, Jha NK, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 10;16(25):2243-2247.

PMID: 34547920 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0254

Applications of drug-delivery systems targeting inflammasomes in pulmonary diseases

Devkota HP, Paudel KR, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 11;16(27):2407-2410.

PMID: 34670398 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0275

Intraductal delivery of nanocarriers for ductal carcinoma in situ treatment: a strategy to enhance localized delivery

Pandey M, Wen PX, Ning GM, Xing GJ, Wei LM, Kumar D, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2022 Oct;17(24):1871-1889.

PMID: 36695306 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0234

Ductal carcinoma in situ describes the most commonly occurring, noninvasive malignant breast disease, which could be the leading factor in invasive breast cancer. Despite remarkable advancements in treatment options, poor specificity, low bioavailability and dose-induced toxicity of chemotherapy are the main constraint. A unique characteristic of nanocarriers may overcome these problems. Moreover, the intraductal route of administration serves as an alternative approach. The direct nanodrug delivery into mammary ducts results in the accumulation of anticancer agents at targeted tissue for a prolonged period with high permeability, significantly decreasing the tumor size and improving the survival rate. This review focuses mainly on the intraductal delivery of nanocarriers in treating ductal carcinoma in situ, together with potential clinical translational research.

Co-encapsulation of gemcitabine and tocotrienols in nanovesicles enhanced efficacy in pancreatic cancer

Maniam G, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Fu JY

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 02;16(5):373-389.

PMID: 33543651 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0374

Aim: To synthesize niosomes co-encapsulating gemcitabine (GEM) and tocotrienols, and physicochemically characterize and evaluate the antipancreatic effects of the nanoformulation on Panc 10.05, SW 1990, AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Materials & methods: Niosomes-entrapping GEM and tocotrienols composed of Span 60, cholesterol and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate were produced by Handjani-Vila and film hydration methods. Results: The film hydration produced vesicles measuring 161.9 ± 0.5 nm, approximately 50% smaller in size than Handjani-Vila method, with maximum entrapment efficiencies of 20.07 ± 0.22% for GEM and 34.52 ± 0.10% for tocotrienols. In Panc 10.05 cells, GEM's antiproliferative effect was enhanced 2.78-fold in combination with tocotrienols. Niosomes produced a significant ninefold enhancement in cytotoxicity of the combination, supported by significantly higher cellular uptake of GEM in the cells. Conclusion: This study is a proof of concept on the synthesis of dual-drug niosomes and their efficacy on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.

Molecular insights and therapeutic implications of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols for targeting lung cancer: part II

Das SS, Tambe S, Prasad Verma PR, Amin P, Singh N, Singh SK, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2022 Oct;17(23):1799-1816.

PMID: 36636965 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0117

Flavonoids represent a major group of polyphenolic compounds. Their capacity to inhibit tumor proliferation, cell cycle, angiogenesis, migration and invasion is substantially responsible for their chemotherapeutic activity against lung cancer. However, their clinical application is limited due to poor aqueous solubility, low permeability and quick blood clearance, which leads to their low bioavailability. Nanoengineered systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers and nanotubes can considerably enhance the targeted action of the flavonoids with improved efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties, and flavonoids can be successfully translated from bench to bedside through various nanoengineering approaches. This review addresses the therapeutic potential of various flavonoids and highlights the cutting-edge progress in the nanoengineered systems that incorporate flavonoids for treating lung cancer.

Molecular insights and therapeutic implications of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols for targeting lung carcinoma: part I

Das SS, Tambe S, Prasad Verma PR, Amin P, Singh N, Singh SK, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2022 Oct;17(23):1779-1798.

PMID: 36636930 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0133

Lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for most lung cancer cases. Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems have exhibited immense potential in lung cancer therapy due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, in vivo stability, bioavailability, prolonged and targeted delivery, gastrointestinal absorption and therapeutic efficiency of their numerous chemotherapeutic agents. However, traditional chemotherapeutics have systemic toxicity issues; therefore, dietary polyphenols might potentially replace them in lung cancer treatment. Polyphenol-based targeted nanotherapeutics have demonstrated interaction with a multitude of protein targets and cellular signaling pathways that affect major cellular processes. This review summarizes the various molecular mechanisms and targeted therapeutic potentials of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols in the effective management of lung cancer.

Advancements in nanotherapeutics targeting senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Paudel KR, Mehta M, Shukla SD, Panth N, Chellappan DK, Dua K, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2022 Oct;17(23):1757-1760.

PMID: 35060764 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0373

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptide tethered nanoparticulate system for enhanced antitumoral efficacy of paclitaxel

Ghanghoria R, Tekade RK, Mishra AK, Chuttani K, Jain NK

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2016 Apr;11(7):797-816.

PMID: 26980704 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.19

Paclitaxel (PTX) is an effective anticancer agent used in the therapy of a wide variety of cancers. However, the drug is difficult to formulate due to its low solubility, and therefore, it is administered under slow infusion with castor oil/ethanol solution as surfactant that causes serious side effects. This investigation investigates leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-tethered nanparticulate system as modality for cancer-specific delivery of PTX and therefore minimizing the adverse effects.

Methotrexate and beta-carotene loaded-lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a preclinical study for breast cancer

Jain A, Sharma G, Kushwah V, Garg NK, Kesharwani P, Ghoshal G, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2017 Aug;12(15):1851-1872.

PMID: 28703643 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0011

AIM: This work was intended to investigate the targeting potential of fructose-tethered lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles (F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs) co-loaded with beta carotene (BC) and methotrexate (MTX) in breast cancer therapeutics and find out the possible protective role of BC on MTX-induced toxicity.

MATERIALS & METHODS: F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs were fabricated using self-assembled nano-precipitation technique. Fructose was conjugated on the surface of the particles. The in vitro cytotoxicity, sub-cellular localization and apoptotic activity of F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs were evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The antitumor potential of F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs was further studied.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Outcomes suggested that F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs induced the highest apoptosis index (0.89) against MCF-7 cells. Following 30 days of treatment, the residual tumor progression was assessed to be approximately 32%, in animals treated with F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs. F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs are competent to selectively convey the chemotherapeutic agent to the breast cancers. Beta carotene ameliorated MTX-induced hepatic and renal toxicity.

Fulltext Nanotechnology against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): diagnosis, treatment, therapy and future perspectives

Rashidzadeh H, Danafar H, Rahimi H, Mozafari F, Salehiabar M, Rahmati MA, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 Mar;16(6):497-516.

PMID: 33683164 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0441

COVID-19, as an emerging infectious disease, has caused significant mortality and morbidity along with socioeconomic impact. No effective treatment or vaccine has been approved yet for this pandemic disease. Cutting-edge tools, especially nanotechnology, should be strongly considered to tackle this virus. This review aims to propose several strategies to design and fabricate effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by the aid of nanotechnology. Polymeric, inorganic self-assembling materials and peptide-based nanoparticles are promising tools for battling COVID-19 as well as its rapid diagnosis. This review summarizes all of the exciting advances nanomaterials are making toward COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis and therapy.

Nanomedicine-driven therapeutic interventions of autophagy and stem cells in the management of Alzheimer's disease

Alhodieb FS, Rahman MA, Barkat MA, Alanezi AA, Barkat HA, Hadi HA, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2023 Mar 20.

PMID: 36938800 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0108

Drug-loaded, brain-targeted nanocarriers could be a promising tool in overcoming the challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease therapy. These nanocargoes are enormously flexible to functionalize and facilitate the delivery of drugs to brain cells by bridging the blood-brain barrier and into brain cells. To date, modifications have included nanoparticles (NPs) coating with tunable surfactants/phospholipids, covalently attaching polyethylene glycol chains (PEGylation), and tethering different targeting ligands to cell-penetrating peptides in a manner that facilitates their entry across the BBB and downregulates various pathological hallmarks as well as intra- and extracellular signaling pathways. This review provides a brief update on drug-loaded, multifunctional nanocarriers and the therapeutic intervention of autophagy and stem cells in the management of Alzheimer's disease.

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