METHODS: Participants were drawn from the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Cohort Study (median follow-up = 16.4 years). Cox models analysed the relationship between BF% and incident fractures (all and hip). Linear and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions modelled the relationship between BF% and BUA.
RESULTS: 14,129 participants (56.2 % women) were included. There were 1283 and 537 incident all and hip fractures respectively. The participants had a mean (standard deviation) age of 61.5 (9.0) years for women and 62.9 (9.0) years for men. Amongst men, BF% was not associated with incident all fractures. While BF% 23 % was associated with increased risk of hip fractures by up to 50 % (hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 1.49 (1.06-2.12)). In women, BF% 35 % was not associated with this outcome. Higher BF% was associated with lower risk of incident hip fractures in women. Higher BF% was associated with higher BUA amongst women. Higher BF% up to ~23 % was associated with higher BUA amongst men.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher BF% is associated with lower risk of fractures in women. While there was no association between BF% and all fractures in men, increasing BF% >23 % was associated with higher risk of hip fractures in men. This appears to be independent of estimated bone mineral density. Fracture prevention efforts need to consider wider physical, clinical, and environmental factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 breast cancer outpatients within the first year of diagnosis and yet to commence oncological treatment. Body composition parameters [body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, fat mass over fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM), muscle mass, and visceral fat] were obtained using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Body fat percentage was categorized into two groups which were normal (<35%) and high (≥35%). The E-DII was calculated from the validated 165-items Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized into three groups or tertiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the E-DII and body fat percentage.
RESULTS: Mean body weight, body fat percentage, FM/FFM, and visceral fat increased as E-DII increased from the lowest tertile (T1) to the most pro-inflammatory tertile (T3) (p for trend <0.05). E-DII was positively associated with body fat percentage (OR 2.952; 95% CI 1.154-7.556; p = 0.024) and remained significant after adjustment for cancer stage, age, physical activity, ethnicity, smoking history, and presence of comorbidities. Compared to T1, participants in T3 had a significantly lower consumption of fiber, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin C, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, zinc, magnesium, and selenium, but a higher intake of total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids.
CONCLUSIONS: A higher E-DII was associated with increased body fat percentage, suggesting the potential of advocating anti-inflammatory diet to combat obesity among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to August 2020 on T1DM children between 6 and 18 years old who attended the Paediatric Endocrine Clinic Putrajaya Hospital. Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody 720) were measured to analyse their effects towards glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) via SPSS 21.
RESULTS: A total of 63 T1DM were recruited with an equal male-to-female ratio. The mean age was 12.4 ± 3.3 years old with a mean HbA1c of 9.8 ± 2.0%. The prevalence of overweight/obese and excessive body fat was 17.5 and 34.9%, respectively. Only 3 (6.8%) fulfilled the metabolic syndrome criteria. The waist circumference had a significant relationship with HbA1c. Every 10 cm increment of waist circumference was predicted to raise HbA1c by 0.8. The odds ratio of having abdominal obesity among T1DM with excessive body fat was 9.3 times.
CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal obesity is significantly associated with a poorer glycaemic control in T1DM children. Monitoring of waist circumference should be considered as part of the routine diabetic care.
RESULTS: The gene expression profile of SUB in the adult sheep was not affected by the pre- or early postnatal nutrition history. In PER, 993 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LOW versus HIGH and NORM, respectively, but no DEG was found between HIGH and NORM. DEGs identified in the mismatched pre- and postnatal nutrition groups LOW-HCHF (101) and HIGH-HCHF (192) were largely downregulated compared to NORM-CONV. Out of 831 DEGs, 595 and 236 were up- and downregulated in HCHF versus CONV, respectively. The functional enrichment analyses revealed that transmembrane (ion) transport activities, motor activities related to cytoskeletal and spermatozoa function (microtubules and the cytoskeletal motor protein, dynein), and responsiveness to the (micro) environmental extracellular conditions, including endocrine and nervous stimuli were enriched in the DEGs of LOW versus HIGH and NORM. We confirmed that mismatched pre- and postnatal feeding was associated with long-term programming of adipose tissue remodeling and immunity-related pathways. In agreement with phenotypic measurements, early postnatal HCHF feeding targeted pathways involved in kidney cell differentiation, and mismatched LOW-HCHF sheep had specific impairments in cholesterol metabolism pathways.
CONCLUSIONS: Both pre- and postnatal malnutrition differentially programmed (patho-) physiological pathways with implications for adipose functional development associated with metabolic dysfunctions, and PER was a major target.