Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 49 in total

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  1. Racial characteristics of human teeth with special emphasis on the Mongoloid dentition
    Yaacob H, Nambiar P, Naidu MD
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Jun;18(1):1-7.
    PMID: 10879216
    Determining the racial affinity of an unknown individual from dentition for identification is indeed a difficult endeavour. However, there are certain dental characteristics which are predominant in certain racial groups and these contribute important indicators in the identification process. Inherited dental characteristics are modified by prenatal and postnatal environmental and nutritional conditions. They can also become less discernible due to admixture of the various races.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/classification; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  2. High frequencies of a rearrangement (+ATA; -T) at -530 to the beta-globin gene in different populations indicate the absence of a correlation with a silent beta-thalassemia determinant
    Wong SC, Stoming TA, Efremov GD, Huisman TH
    Hemoglobin, 1989;13(1):1-5.
    PMID: 2703362
    DNA samples from numerous subjects of different racial and ethnic backgrounds, with or without various hemoglobinopathies (classical beta-thalassemia; silent beta-thalassemia, Hb E, sickle cell anemia), were studied for a rearrangement (+ATA; -T) at nucleotide -530 in the 5' flanking region of the beta-globin gene using amplified DNA and 32P-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide probes. The data show that this unusual sequence is a common feature among East-Asians and Blacks (particularly SS patients), and is not associated with mild thalassemic features typical for the silent form of beta-thalassemia, as has been suggested (5).
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  3. Fulltext The other-race effect and holistic processing across racial groups
    Wong HK, Estudillo AJ, Stephen ID, Keeble DRT
    Sci Rep, 2021 04 19;11(1):8507.
    PMID: 33875735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87933-1
    It is widely accepted that holistic processing is important for face perception. However, it remains unclear whether the other-race effect (ORE) (i.e. superior recognition for own-race faces) arises from reduced holistic processing of other-race faces. To address this issue, we adopted a cross-cultural design where Malaysian Chinese, African, European Caucasian and Australian Caucasian participants performed four different tasks: (1) yes-no face recognition, (2) composite, (3) whole-part and (4) global-local tasks. Each face task was completed with unfamiliar own- and other-race faces. Results showed a pronounced ORE in the face recognition task. Both composite-face and whole-part effects were found; however, these holistic effects did not appear to be stronger for other-race faces than for own-race faces. In the global-local task, Malaysian Chinese and African participants demonstrated a stronger global processing bias compared to both European- and Australian-Caucasian participants. Importantly, we found little or no cross-task correlation between any of the holistic processing measures and face recognition ability. Overall, our findings cast doubt on the prevailing account that the ORE in face recognition is due to reduced holistic processing in other-race faces. Further studies should adopt an interactionist approach taking into account cultural, motivational, and socio-cognitive factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  4. Ocular conditions among the Orang Asli, the jungle aborigines of West Malaysia
    Weerekoon L
    Trans Ophthalmol Soc N Z, 1973;25:30-5.
    PMID: 4519227
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  5. Fulltext Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
    Wang A, Shen J, Rodriguez AA, Saunders EJ, Chen F, Janivara R, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2023 Dec;55(12):2065-2074.
    PMID: 37945903 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01534-4
    The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  6. [Anthropological studies on the East Malayan Negrito]
    Wagenseil F
    Z Morphol Anthropol, 1967;59(1):1-25.
    PMID: 5607808
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group*
  7. Fulltext Economic perspective of coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Usman M, Ali Y, Riaz A, Riaz A, Zubair A
    J Public Aff, 2020 Aug 07.
    PMID: 32837324 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2252
    This study aims to present a quick overview of the novel coronavirus (afterward COVID-19) which triggers from Wuhan, spread approximately 213 countries and territories around the globe, and still currently ongoing. Particularly, we are interested to investigate the economic perspective of COVID-19. This paper uses data from online published articles and current media sources, as the COVID-19 situation is unfolding yet. To deeply explore the said matter, we divide the economic impact into six dimensions that is, Chinese economy, Central Asian economies, South Asian economies, South East and West Asian economies, European economies, Northern African, and Middle Eastern economies. The paper concludes that epidemic situations like COVID-19 severely affect economies around the globe. The basic reasons behind such severity are immobility of labor, reduction in productivity, discontinuation of the supply chain, a decline in exports, uncertainty, and so on. This study is quite important for businesses and policymakers to estimate and plan current and post-COVID-19 situations.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  8. Inborn errors of metabolism
    Thong, M.K., Choy, Y.S., Rawi, R.M.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001;13(1):19-26.
    MyJurnal
    Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a group of disorders that causes abnormal function of biochemical pathways. Archibald Garrod des-cribed the first inborn error of metabolism in 1893. He described alkaptonuria in a patient whose urine turned black on standing and the development of arthritis in adult life.' Subse-quently, Garrod encapsulated the idea of IEM in 1908 with the concept of 'chemical indivi-duality'. Beadle and Tatum proposed the concept of one gene - one enzyme in 1945.2 Phenyl-ketonuria (PKU) was described in 1934 and amongst the first to be recognised as a cause of mental handicap with a biochemical basis.' Effective treatment for PKU with low pheny-lalanine diet was introduced in 1955. Molecular characterisation of genetic defects localised to alleles in various chromosomes were performed in the last two decades
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  9. Some impressions of childbearing in tropical areas. II. Pre-eclampsia and low birthweight
    Thompson B, Baird D
    J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 1967 Aug;74(4):499-509.
    PMID: 6033270
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  10. Some impressions of childbearing in tropical areas. 3. Outcome of labour
    Thompson B, Baird D
    J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 1967 Aug;74(4):510-22.
    PMID: 6033271
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  11. Fulltext Composition of amino Acids, fatty acids, minerals and dietary fiber in some of the local and import rice varieties of Malaysia
    Thomas, R., Bhat, Rajeev, Kuang, Y.T.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(3):1148-1155.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, three popular, regionally grown rice varieties (Bario, brown and white) were compared with three of the most popular and highly marketed imported rice varieties (black, glutinous and basmati rice) in Penang region of Malaysia. Rice samples were evaluated for amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, heavy metals and dietary fiber composition. Overall, amino acids content among all the rice samples were comparable to each other. Results with regard to minerals showed potassium to be high in brown rice (197.41 mg/100g), while magnesium was recorded to be high in black rice (107.21 mg/100g). Heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, mercury and lead, though present, they were in negligible amounts. Among all the rice varieties investigated, the total saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid content was highest in black rice (5.89%). The soluble dietary fiber was higher in white rice (16.39%), whereas insoluble dietary fiber was high in brown (16.51%) and black rice (14.49%), respectively. Results generated from this study is anticipated to benefit both the health wary consumers (based on their potential nutritional attributes) as well as the local food industries to choose the best rice variety while developing novel rice based food products.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  12. Antiribosomal P protein antibodies in different populations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Teh LS, Lee MK, Wang F, Manivasagar M, Charles PJ, Nicholson GD, et al.
    Br J Rheumatol, 1993 Aug;32(8):663-5.
    PMID: 8348266
    We report a significantly increased prevalence of antiribosomal P protein antibodies in Malaysian Chinese patients (38%) with SLE compared to white Caucasian (13%) and Afro-Caribbean (20%) patients. The increased prevalence was not due to a generalized increase in autoantibody production because anti-dsDNA and anti-SSA antibodies were present in comparable frequencies in the three ethnic groups while anti-Sm and anti-SSB antibodies were rarely found in the Malaysian Chinese patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group*
  13. Colour detection thresholds in faces and colour patches
    Tan KW, Stephen ID
    Perception, 2013;42(7):733-41.
    PMID: 24344549
    Human facial skin colour reflects individuals' underlying health (Stephen et al 2011 Evolution & Human Behavior 32 216-227); and enhanced facial skin CIELab b* (yellowness), a* (redness), and L* (lightness) are perceived as healthy (also Stephen et al 2009a International Journal of Primatology 30 845-857). Here, we examine Malaysian Chinese participants' detection thresholds for CIELab L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) colour changes in Asian, African, and Caucasian faces and skin coloured patches. Twelve face photos and three skin coloured patches were transformed to produce four pairs of images of each individual face and colour patch with different amounts of red, yellow, or lightness, from very subtle (deltaE = 1.2) to quite large differences (deltaE = 9.6). Participants were asked to decide which of sequentially displayed, paired same-face images or colour patches were lighter, redder, or yellower. Changes in facial redness, followed by changes in yellowness, were more easily discriminated than changes in luminance. However, visual sensitivity was not greater for redness and yellowness in nonface stimuli, suggesting red facial skin colour special salience. Participants were also significantly better at recognizing colour differences in own-race (Asian) and Caucasian faces than in African faces, suggesting the existence of cross-race effect in discriminating facial colours. Humans' colour vision may have been selected for skin colour signalling (Changizi et al 2006 Biology Letters 2 217-221), enabling individuals to perceive subtle changes in skin colour, reflecting health and emotional status.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/psychology
  14. Fulltext Dysregulated aldosterone secretion in persons of African descent with endothelin-1 gene variants
    Tan JW, Gupta T, Manosroi W, Yao TM, Hopkins PN, Williams JS, et al.
    JCI Insight, 2017 12 07;2(23).
    PMID: 29212952 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95992
    Compared with persons of European descent (ED), persons of African descent (AD) have lower aldosterone (ALDO) levels, with the assumption being that the increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with AD is not related to ALDO. However, the appropriateness of the ALDO levels for the volume status in AD is unclear. We hypothesized that, even though ALDO levels are lower in AD, they are inappropriately increased, and therefore, ALDO could mediate the increased CVD in AD. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed data from HyperPATH - 1,788 individuals from the total cohort and 765 restricted to ED-to-AD in a 2:1 match and genotyped for the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1). Linear regression analyses with adjustments were performed. In the total and restricted cohorts, PRA, ALDO, and urinary potassium levels were significantly lower in AD. However, in the AD group, greater ALDO dysregulation was present as evidenced by higher ALDO/plasma renin activity (PRA) ratios (ARR) and sodium-modulated ALDO suppression-to-stimulation indices. Furthermore, EDN1 minor allele carriers had significantly greater ARRs than noncarriers but only in the AD group. ARR levels were modulated by a significant interaction between EDN1 and AD. Thus, EDN1 variants may identify particularly susceptible ADs who will be responsive to treatment targeting ALDO-dependent pathways (e.g., mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists).
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  15. Fulltext Selected neuropeptide genes show genetic differentiation between Africans and non-Africans
    Tai KY, Wong K, Aghakhanian F, Parhar IS, Dhaliwal J, Ayub Q
    BMC Genet, 2020 03 14;21(1):31.
    PMID: 32171244 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-0835-8
    BACKGROUND: Publicly available genome data provides valuable information on the genetic variation patterns across different modern human populations. Neuropeptide genes are crucial to the nervous, immune, endocrine system, and physiological homeostasis as they play an essential role in communicating information in neuronal functions. It remains unclear how evolutionary forces, such as natural selection and random genetic drift, have affected neuropeptide genes among human populations. To date, there are over 100 known human neuropeptides from the over 1000 predicted peptides encoded in the genome. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the genetic variation in continental human populations across all known neuropeptide genes by examining highly differentiated SNPs between African and non-African populations.

    RESULTS: We identified a total of 644,225 SNPs in 131 neuropeptide genes in 6 worldwide population groups from a public database. Of these, 5163 SNPs that had ΔDAF |(African - non-African)| ≥ 0.20 were identified and fully annotated. A total of 20 outlier SNPs that included 19 missense SNPs with a moderate impact and one stop lost SNP with high impact, were identified in 16 neuropeptide genes. Our results indicate that an overall strong population differentiation was observed in the non-African populations that had a higher derived allele frequency for 15/20 of those SNPs. Highly differentiated SNPs in four genes were particularly striking: NPPA (rs5065) with high impact stop lost variant; CHGB (rs6085324, rs236150, rs236152, rs742710 and rs742711) with multiple moderate impact missense variants; IGF2 (rs10770125) and INS (rs3842753) with moderate impact missense variants that are in linkage disequilibrium. Phenotype and disease associations of these differentiated SNPs indicated their association with hypertension and diabetes and highlighted the pleiotropic effects of these neuropeptides and their role in maintaining physiological homeostasis in humans.

    CONCLUSIONS: We compiled a list of 131 human neuropeptide genes from multiple databases and literature survey. We detect significant population differentiation in the derived allele frequencies of variants in several neuropeptide genes in African and non-African populations. The results highlights SNPs in these genes that may also contribute to population disparities in prevalence of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.

    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  16. Fulltext A preliminary study of genetic differentiation of two important cultured oyster species, Crassostrea iredalei and C. belcheri in Malaysia based on cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene
    Suzana M., Siti Azizah M. N., Devakie, M. N.
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2009;14(1):14-17.
    MyJurnal
    This paper reports on a preliminary genetic investigation of two commercially cultured oyster species, white and black scar oysters, Crassostrea belcheri and C. iredalei, respectively. A total
    of 68 individuals from three different areas in Malaysia namely a C. belcheri sample from Semporna (Sabah) and two populations of C. iredalei from Trai (Sabah) and Setiu (Terengganu) were
    collected and analysed based on sequence analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Alignment of COI gene was done using Alignment Explorer/CLUSTAL in Mega4.1. Genetic distances
    within and between populations were calculated using Kimura 2-parameter. Phylogenetic dendograms were generated by Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods.
    The ingroup taxa were divided into two main clusters separating C. iredalei and C. belcheri with 99% bootstrap value. The two C. iredalei populations were homogeneous suggesting high
    connectivity in the South China Sea for this species. The common central haplotype in the minimum spanning networks programme is believed to be the ancestral variant for the two species. The
    findings from this study provides important baseline data for the aquaculture, management and monitoring of cultured populations of the oyster species.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  17. Human gait and the human foot: an ethnological study of flatfoot. I
    Stewart SF
    Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1970 May-Jun;70:111-23.
    PMID: 5445716
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group*
  18. Immunoglobulin G allotypes in Malayan aborigines
    Steinberg AG, Eng LI
    Hum. Hered., 1972;22(3):254-8.
    PMID: 4116753
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  19. Alpha-Fetoprotein levels in normal males from seven ethnic groups with different hepatocellular carcinoma risks
    Sizaret P, Tuyns A, Martel N, Jouvenceaux A, Levin A, Ong YW, et al.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1975 Aug 22;259:136-55.
    PMID: 54017
    Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels of 1,335 males (15 years and older) of seven ethnic groups (Chinese, Indians, and Malays from Singapore, Caucasians from Lyon, and Blacks from Nairobi, forest, and the savanna region of the Ivory Coast) were determined by radioimmunoassay. A few elevated levels (up to 30 nanounits/ml) were detected in some normal individuals, especially in the older age-groups. In addition, there was a systematic age-dependency of AFP levels particularly evident in the groups from Singapore-Lyon, in which there was a 50% AFP increase between the ages of 20 and 40. Comparison between Africans on the one hand and people from Singapore-Lyon on the other hand revealed highly significant differences (p less than 0.001), especially in the younger groups, whereas Chinese, Malays, and Indians from Singapore had very similar AFP pattern; this suggests an important role for environmental factors in the regulation of AFP levels. The age dependency of the presumed effect of environmental factors is in keeping with experimental data showing that young animals respond more vigorously to AFP-stimulating factors. Although the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differs in the three Singapore groups (the highest in Chinese and the lowest in Indians), no relationship was observed in this study between mean AFP level and HCC incidence in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
  20. Gametocytocidal and sporontocidal effects of primaquine upon two strains of Plasmodium falciparum
    Rieckmann KH, McNamara JV, Kass L, Powell RD
    Mil Med, 1969 Sep;134(10):802-19.
    PMID: 4987059
    Matched MeSH terms: African Continental Ancestry Group
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