Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 33 in total

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  1. Stertor and position
    Simon MF
    Lancet, 1901;158:417.
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)85242-9
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  2. Asphyxia from defective ship-board ventilation
    Brooke GE
    Lancet, 1916;188:18.
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)26402-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  3. Gas in warfare
    Macfarlane LRS
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:25-30.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  4. Microplankton bloom in a brackish water lagoon of Terengganu
    Shamsudin L, Shazili NA
    Environ Monit Assess, 1991 Oct;19(1-3):287-94.
    PMID: 24233946 DOI: 10.1007/BF00401318
    Increased primary plankton productivity was observed in a brackish water lagoon of Terengganu during the study period between January 1988 to December 1988. The lagoon is also the site for the fish cage culture activities of sea bass during the study period. An examination of water quality at the sampling stations during the study period indicated that both the organic and inorganic nutrients were high during the pre-monsoon period. The source of the nutrient in the lagoon was believed to be derived from the agro-based industrial effluents, fertilisers from paddy fields as well as untreated human and animal wastes. This coincided with the peak production of plankton in the surface waters of the brackish water lagoon. During this period both cultured and indigenous fish species were seen to suffer from oxygen asphyxiation (suffocation due to lack of oxygen). The primary productivity values ranged from 9 to 22 μg/L/h during the peak period while the microplankton species were composed of diatom, flagellates and dinoflagellates. Reduction in the primary productivity values were obtained with reduction in sallinity, specially during the peak monsoon months (November to March) corresponding to the Northeast monsoon period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  5. Factors associated with clinically significant perinatal asphyxia in the Malaysian neonates: a case-control study
    Boo NY, Lye MS
    J Trop Pediatr, 1992 12;38(6):284-9.
    PMID: 1844086 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/38.6.284
    A 2-month prospective study was carried out in a Kuala Lumpur maternity hospital to determine the antenatal and intrapartum factors associated with perinatal asphyxia in the Malaysian neonates. The incidence of perinatal asphyxia was 18.7 per 1000 livebirths. Of the 75 asphyxiated neonates born during this period, 70 (93.3 per cent) were of term or post-term gestation. The incidence of perinatal asphyxia was more common in the neonates with one of the following characteristics: low birth weight (< 2500 g), breech delivery, or delivery by instrumentation or lower segment Caesarean section (P < 0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis of the asphyxiated and the control neonates in a nested case-control study (after controlling for sex, race, birth weight, modes of delivery, and maternal gravida) showed that there were two associated factors which were of statistical significance. These were: small-for-gestation neonates and the presence of intrapartum problems. Our study suggests that to reduce the incidence of perinatal asphyxia, the common causes of small-for-gestation neonates and the common types of intrapartum problems should be identified to enable appropriate preventive measures to be carried out.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology*
  6. Fulltext Case report--a neonate with nonimmune hydrops fetalis
    Ram SP, Ariffin WA, Kassim Z
    Singapore Med J, 1993 Oct;34(5):459-61.
    PMID: 8153701
    A post-dated intra-uterine growth retarded male Malay baby was born to a 30-year-old mother gravida II by Caesarean section. Her previous pregnancy ended in still-birth. The baby was severely asphyxiated at birth. He was intubated and immediately admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. He had anasarca, anaemia, purpura and firm, massive hepatosplenomegaly. X-rays revealed ascites and bilateral metaphysiitis of the long bones. The haemoglobin level was 5.0 gm/dl and PCV 18.3%. Coombs' test was negative. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were prolonged. The baby and mother were positive for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and the treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests. The baby was actively resuscitated but expired at three and a half hours of life due to overwhelming sepsis associated with severe anaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia Neonatorum/etiology
  7. A review of perinatal mortality in Peninsular Malaysia from 1980 to 1989
    Musa Mohd Nordin, Mohd Sham Kasim, Wong, Swee Lan
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1993;5(1):9-19.
    MyJurnal
    An analysis of perinatal statistics in Peninsular Malaysia from 1980 — 1989 was undertaken. The Perinatal Mortality Rate showed a 42% decrease over the 10 year period. The Perinatal Mortality Rate was higher among the Indian and Malay ethnic groups compared to the Chinese. This was largely contributed by the higher Stillbirth rate in the former 2 ethnic groups. The Indians have the highest rate of low birthweight babies. There is a decline in the rate of low birthweight babies born over the studied decade. The major causes of early neonatal mortality included problems asociated with prematurity, asphyxia neonatorum, septicaemia and congenital anomalies. Further epi-demiological research is required to identify other riskfactors which contribute to this ethnic biased perinatal mortality rates. Besides intensifying and upgrading current multifaceted approaches, interventional strategies need to be directed to the identified high risk groups. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia Neonatorum
  8. Fulltext Post mortem caesarian section
    Ravindran J
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):284-5.
    PMID: 8926913
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia Neonatorum
  9. Dinoflagellate bloom in tropical fish ponds of coastal waters of the South China Sea
    Shamsudin L, Awang A, Ambak A, Ibrahim S
    Environ Monit Assess, 1996 May;40(3):303-11.
    PMID: 24198160 DOI: 10.1007/BF00398875
    Red tide of dinoflagellate was observed in brackish water fish ponds of Terengganu along the coast of the South China Sea during the study period between January 1992 to December 1992. The nearby coastal moat water facing the South China Sea is the source of water for fish pond culture activities of sea bass during the study period. An examination of water quality in fish ponds during the study period indicated that both the organic nutrients were high during the pre-wet monsoon period. The source of the nutrients in coastal water was believed to be derived from the agro-based industrial effluents, fertilizers from paddy fields and untreated animal wastes. This coincided with the peak production of dinoflagellate in the water column in October 1992. The cell count ranges from 8.3 to 60.4×10.4×10(4)/l during the bloom peak period and the bloom species were compared entirely of non-toxic dinoflagellates with Protoperidinium quinquecorne occurring >90% of the total cell count. However, both cultured and indigenous fish species were seen to suffer from oxygen asphyxiation (suffocation due to lack of oxygen). The bloom lasted for a short period (4-5 days) with a massive cell collapse from subsurface to bottom water on the sixth day. The productivity values ranged from 5-25 C g/ l / h with a subsurface maximum value in October 1992. Two species of Ciliophora, Tintinnopsis and Favella, were observed to graze on these dinoflagellates at the end of the bloom period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  10. The effect of thyroxine on the renal function of asphyxiated neonates
    Rostenberghe, H.V., Haider, D., Abdullah, Y., Amir, H., Abdul Razak, A.R.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 1998;10(2):19-23.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroxine has been shown to have a beneficial effect on renal function in cases of impending renal failure in ani-mal studies.'5 Studies of the use of thyroxine in humans in impending renal failure are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral thyroxine on the renal function of asphyxiated term neonates who often have renal impairment.
    A randomised control trial was conducted, involving 30 term asphyxiated neonates. The study group (n=15) was given thyroxine (50 pg) orally on days 1, 2 and 3 of life and placebo was given to the control group (n=15). Renal function was studied on day 1 and day 4 of life. The two groups did not differ significantly as regards gestational age, birth weight, severity of asphyxia, preg-nancy or delivery complications, fluids administered and drugs used. There was no significant difference in urine output, creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of sodium on day 1 but there was a trend towards a worse renal function on day 1 in the treatment group. The creatinine clearance was significantly better in the treat-ment group on day 4 (p = 0.017). Urine output and fractional excretion of sodium on day 4 were better in the treatment group but the differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.14 and 0.057 respectively). Statistical analysis on the differences between day 4 and day 1 showed statistical significance only for creatinine clearance: creatinine clearance day 4 minus creatinine clearance day 1 was 52.6 (±32.4) for the thyroxine group and 7.3 (±7.8) for the controls (p= 0.006).
    These data support the hypothesis that thyroxine may have a significant beneficial effect on the renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Thyroxine may be proven useful in future for patients with impending renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia; Asphyxia Neonatorum
  11. Early cranial ultrasound changes as predictors of outcome during first year of life in term infants with perinatal asphyxia
    Boo NY, Chandran V, Zulfiqar MA, Zamratol SM, Nyein MK, Haliza MS, et al.
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2000 Aug;36(4):363-9.
    PMID: 10940172
    OBJECTIVES: To identify the types of early cranial ultrasound changes that were significant predictors of adverse outcome during the first year of life in asphyxiated term infants.

    METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective cohort study. Shortly after birth, cranial ultrasonography was carried out via the anterior fontanelles of 70 normal control infants and 104 asphyxiated infants with a history of fetal distress and Apgar scores of less than 6 at 1 and 5 min of life, or requiring endotracheal intubation and manual intermittent positive pressure ventilation for at least 5 min after birth. Neurodevelopmental assessment was carried out on the survivors at 1 year of age.

    RESULTS: Abnormal cranial ultrasound changes were detected in a significantly higher proportion (79.8%, or n = 83) of asphyxiated infants than controls (39.5%, or n = 30) (P < 0.0001). However, logistic regression analysis showed that only three factors were significantly associated with adverse outcome at 1 year of life among the asphyxiated infants. These were: (i) decreasing birthweight (for every additional gram of increase in birthweight, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.999, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.998, 1.000; P = 0.047); (ii) a history of receiving ventilatory support during the neonatal period (adjusted OR = 8.3; 95%CI 2.4, 28.9; P = 0.0009); and (iii) hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy stage 2 or 3 (adjusted OR = 5.8; 95%CI 1.8, 18.6; P = 0.003). None of the early cranial ultrasound changes was a significant predictor.

    CONCLUSIONS: Early cranial ultrasound findings, although common in asphyxiated infants, were not significant predictors of adverse outcome during the first year of life in asphyxiated term infants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia Neonatorum/mortality*; Asphyxia Neonatorum/physiopathology*
  12. Perinatal characteristics and outcome of neonates born in thick meconium-stained liquor
    Ida, S.B.O., Teh, K.H., Quah, B.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):16-21.
    MyJurnal
    Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) frequently occurs in neonates born in thick meconium-stained liquor (TMSL). It continues to be a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality despite aggressive approaches to intervention. This study aims to identify the perinatal characteristics of deliveries with TMSL associated with the development of MAS and to describe the outcome of those babies who developed MAS.
    All newborns with TMSL born in Hospital Alor Setar, Kedah from 1 October 1998 to 30 April 1999 were prospectively studied. In the hospital, all newborns with TMSL were routinely admitted to the Special Care Nursery for observation. Relevant data regarding pregnancy, delivery, resuscitation and outcome of newborns with and without MAS were collected and analysed. The incidence of TMSL among hospital deliveries was 2.2% (95% C.I. 1.8-2.5%). Thirty-six percent (95% C.I. 28.4-44.7%) of newborns with TMSL developed MAS. Significant risk factors associated with the development of MAS were non-Malay mothers (p=0.04, OR=3.32), resuscitation by paediatric medical officers (p=0.02, OR=2.84) and direct tracheal suction during resuscitation (p=0.02, OR=2.61). The presence of non-Malay mothers or resuscitation by paediatric medical officers or direct tracheal suction during resuscitation gave a sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 36.7%, a positive predictive value of 44.1% and a negative predictive value of 84.6% for the development of MAS. Asphyxia, pneumothorax and persistent pulmonary hyper-tension occurred in 25.5%, 7.8% and 5.9% of the babies with MAS respectively. Mechanical ventilation was required in 51% and the mortality rate was 3.9%. In conclusion, the incidence of TMSL and MAS and the mortality rate of neonates with MAS were comparable with that in developed countries. The presence of any one of the significant risk factors had high sensitivity but low specificity for the development of MAS. Newborns were unlikely to develop MAS if all these risk factors were absent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  13. Two cases of death due to plastic bag suffocation
    Nadesan K, Beng OB
    Med Sci Law, 2001 Jan;41(1):78-82.
    PMID: 11219130
    Deaths due to plastic bag suffocation or plastic bag asphyxia are not reported in Malaysia. In the West many suicides by plastic bag asphyxia, particularly in the elderly and those who are chronically and terminally ill, have been reported. Accidental deaths too are not uncommon in the West, both among small children who play with shopping bags and adolescents who are solvent abusers. Another well-known but not so common form of accidental death from plastic bag asphyxia is sexual asphyxia, which is mostly seen among adult males. Homicide by plastic bag asphyxia too is reported in the West and the victims are invariably infants or adults who are frail or terminally ill and who cannot struggle. Two deaths due to plastic bag asphyxia are presented. Both the autopsies were performed at the University Hospital Mortuary, Kuala Lumpur. Both victims were 50-year old married Chinese males. One death was diagnosed as suicide and the other as sexual asphyxia. Sexual asphyxia is generally believed to be a problem associated exclusively with the West. Specific autopsy findings are often absent in deaths due to plastic bag asphyxia and therefore such deaths could be missed when some interested parties have altered the scene and most importantly have removed the plastic bag. A visit to the scene of death is invariably useful.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia/etiology; Asphyxia/pathology*
  14. Comparison of serum cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme mass concentrations in asphyxiated term infants during the first 48 h of life
    Boo NY, Hafidz H, Nawawi HM, Cheah FC, Fadzil YJ, Abdul-Aziz BB, et al.
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2005 Jul;41(7):331-7.
    PMID: 16014136
    This prospective study aimed to compare serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) mass concentrations and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations during the first 48 h of life in asphyxiated term infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia Neonatorum/blood*; Asphyxia Neonatorum/enzymology
  15. Fulltext Ingestion of a voice-master prosthesis followed by a potentially fatal aspiration
    Philip R, Imran AG, Dinsuhaimi S, Shahid H
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):233-5.
    PMID: 16898319 MyJurnal
    Various complications are associated with the use of indwelling voice prostheses. We present problems faced by a patient with his Voice-Master prosthesis, the ingestion of the prosthesis followed by a potentially fatal aspiration. The Voice-Master is unique in that in can be re-inserted. The safety strap is removed after primary insertion once the prosthesis is secure. However, during re-insertions this safety mechanism is no longer present. Therefore we recommend the placement of a temporary stitch or tie to minimize the risks of ingestion or aspiration of the prosthesis during re-insertions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia/etiology*; Asphyxia/surgery
  16. Delayed hanging death: a case report
    Kumar V
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2007 Jan;57(1):39-41.
    PMID: 17319420
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  17. Hanging without knot in the noose
    Kumar V
    J Forensic Leg Med, 2007 Jan;14(1):35-8.
    PMID: 16530454
    Death by hanging is believed to be a painless method of committing suicide. In most cases the noose has a knot and on this basis only it can be labeled as atypical or typical hanging. A 35 year Chinese man committed suicide by hanging with a ligature material made of electric wire where there was no knot present on the noose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia/etiology*; Asphyxia/pathology
  18. Fulltext Understanding the decision-delivery interval in cesarean births
    Naseem, Rashid, Nalliah, Sivalingam
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2007;1(2):61-68.
    MyJurnal
    Avoiding the adverse neonatal effects of perinatal asphyxia has been one of the common indications for cesarean deliveries in current obstetric practice. Expeditious delivery is dependent on decision to perform cesarean delivery and time lines achieved. A decision-delivery interval of 30 minutes, a concept initiated by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has open to debate as controversy reins about neonatal outcome when this time interval is considered in isolation. Time lines alone are probably not the only criteria to be employed, and may contribute to errors in interpretation by professional regulatory bodies and the society at large. Procedures prior to decision making like trial of labour, fetal scalp sampling and readily available resources for instituting emergent cesarean delivery invariably need to be considered. Though decision to delivery time is an integral component of critical conduct intervals in the acutely compromised fetus, a more pragmatic approach needs to be taken considering potential and known logistical and obstetric factors in line with good obstetric practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia
  19. Suicide and ethnicity in Malaysia
    Murty OP, Cheh LB, Bakit PA, Hui FJ, Ibrahim ZB, Jusoh NB
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2008 Mar;29(1):19-22.
    PMID: 19749611 DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31815b4c57
    This article highlights methods of ending life in different ethnic groups. This inference is drawn from analysis of data from suicidal cases from the University Malaya Medical Centre mortuary. This study also looked at sex, age, social, and employment factors. Kuala Lumpur has sizeable populations of Muslims, Chinese, Indians and Indonesian, etc. This study is based on 251 cases of suicide that were reported at the University Malaya Medical Centre from 2000 to 2004. Malaysia has a population of 22,662,365 people with 3 major ethnic groups: Malay (58%), Chinese (24%), and Indians (8%) with a minority of "others" (10%), which includes foreigners, Sabahan, and Sarawakian. This research found suicides of 164 male (65%) and 87 female (35%) victims. Their age ranged from 15 to 80 years. The age group from 21 to 30 had the highest total cases of suicide (83 of 251; 33.1%). Among ethnic groups highest rate of suicide was among Chinese with a total of 120 cases (120 of 251; 47.8%). As far as lone method of suicide is concerned, hangings accounted for the highest proportion of cases (108 of 251; 43%). Among ethnic groups, jumping from height was the commonest method used by Chinese (49 of 120; 41%), Malay (9 of 16; 56%), and others (15 of 28; 53.4%); whereas, hanging was the commonest method of committing suicide by Indians (49 of 87); Muslims showed the lowest cases of suicide (18 of 251; 7.2%). In poisoning group Indian was the highest ethnic group who used this method (20 of 37; 54.1%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia/mortality
  20. Choking on food: a rare case of alexander leukodystrophy and choking
    Murty OP, Mun K, Gopinath N, Wong KT
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2008 Dec;29(4):364-7.
    PMID: 19259028 DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181859ff7
    Every body has to eat to survive but it becomes a matter of great concern, when the life provider food becomes an asphyxiating agent. In this case, a 60-year-old woman choked herself while swallowing biscuits. On autopsy examination, biscuits were found lodged in larygo-pharynx. Brain showed marked dystrophy and loosened lusterless white matter. On histopathologic examination, brain tissue had numerous eosinophilic globules representing astrocytic processes called "Rosenthal fibers"; hence, it was diagnosed as a case of Alexander dystrophy. It is a disease of white matter, where there is a progressive degeneration of the white matter of the brain because of imperfect growth or development of the myelin sheath. The histopathology of brain showed Rosenthal fibers in abundance. This is one of the rarest disease in which choking can occur because of lack of nervous and muscular coordination and weakness. Its specific relation to choking is documented in this report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asphyxia/etiology*; Asphyxia/pathology
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