Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 128 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Where is Malaysia in the midst of the Asian epidemic of diabetes mellitus?
    Zaini A
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2000 Oct;50 Suppl 2:S23-8.
    PMID: 11024580 DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8227(00)00175-3
    Population studies all over the world have clearly showed that the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is escalating at phenomenal scale and very likely we are heading towards epidemic proportions. In 1985, the estimated population of diabetic individuals in the world was 30 million but by 1995 this figure soared to 135 million. Based on current trends, epidemiologists predict that the population of diabetic individuals will swell up to a staggering 300 million by the year 2025. Almost half of that will be in the Asia Oceania region alone. Dr Hilary King of WHO pointed out that there will be a projected rise of about 42% in developed countries whereas the developing countries will see an escalation to the magnitude of 170% (H. King, R.E. Aubert, W.H. Herman, Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates and projections, Diabetes Care 21 (1998) 1414-1431; WHO Health Report 1997, WHO Switzerland). There will be a 3-fold rise of the disease in Asia and much of these will be seen in China (40 million) and India (55 million) by virtue of the massive population of these countries. Nevertheless, the other rapidly developing Asian nations like Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and those making up Indochina will experience the surge. At the same time the prevalence and incidence of diabetes complications will also increase. Based on recent WHO prediction (WHO Newsletter, The global burden of diabetes 1995-2025. World Diabetes 3 (1997) 5-6), it is estimated that by the year 2000 the following figures will be seen:Diabetes complications are major causes of premature death all over the world and most of these are avoidable. DCCT and UKPDS are landmark studies showing strong evidence that major complications can be drastically reduced by maintaining to near normoglycaemic control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology
  2. Fulltext Blindness and visual impairment amongst rural Malays in Kuala Selangor, Selangor
    Zainal M, Masran L, Ropilah AR
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):46-50.
    PMID: 10968137
    A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness and its causes amongst the adult rural Malay population in the district of Kuala Selangor, Selangor. By simple random sampling 330 samples were selected for the study. All samples underwent complete ophthalmological examination. The crude prevalence of visual impairment and blindness were 0.7% and 5.6% respectively. Age was the most important factor associated with the prevalence; gender, level of education and level of income was not significantly related. Cataract was the commonest cause of visual impairment and blindness while diabetic retinopathy was the second important cause.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  3. Fulltext Diabetic retinopathy in the community
    Yang YF, Chong HH, Yang YK
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):104-5.
    PMID: 11503288
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Asian T2DM patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
    Yang QH, Zhang Y, Zhang XM, Li XR
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2019;12(2):302-311.
    PMID: 30809489 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.02.19
    AIM: To investigate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), proliferative DR (PDR) and nonproliferative DR (NPDR) in Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
    METHODS: We performed a systematic search online search using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China WeiPu Library to identify eligible studies that reported the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2DM patients. Effect size (ES) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2DM patients, respectively.
    RESULTS: There were 41 references and 48 995 T2DM patients involved in this study. The prevalence of DR, PDR, and NPDR was 28%, 6%, and 27% in T2DM patients, respectively; while the prevalence of PDR and NPDR in DR patients was 17% and 83%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that prevalence of DR in T2DM patients from Singaporean, Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, and Chinese was 33%, 42%, 16%, 35%, 21% and 25%, respectively. In T2DM patients with NPDR from Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, Chinese, higher prevalence was found than that in PDR patients (45% vs 17%, 13% vs 3%, 30% vs 5%, 23% vs 2% and 22% vs 3%), as well as in DR patients (74% vs 26%, 81% vs 19%, 86% vs 14%, 92% vs 8% and 85% vs 15%). The prevalence of PDR in T2DM from India was higher than patients from other locations of Asia, and the same results were also observed in NPDR patients.
    CONCLUSION: In either T2DM Asian patients or DR patients, NPDR is more common than PDR. Based on our results, we should pay more attention to NPDR screening and management in T2DM patients, and we also recommend suitable interventions to prevent its progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  5. Systolic hypertension and duration of diabetes mellitus are important determinants of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in young diabetics
    Wan Nazaimoon WM, Letchuman R, Noraini N, Ropilah AR, Zainal M, Ismail IS, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1999 Dec;46(3):213-21.
    PMID: 10624787 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00095-9
    This cross-sectional study looked at the prevalence of microalbuminuria and retinopathy in a cohort of 926 young, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and determined the factors which were associated with these microvascular complications. The prevalence of microalbuminuria, defined as the albumin:creatinine ratio > or = 2.5 (for males) or > or = 3.5 mg/mmol (for females), was 13.4% in Type 1 DM, 69.5% in insulin-requiring Type 2 DM and 16% in Type 2 DM treated only with oral hypoglycemic agents. Compared to those with normal renal functions, these patients were older (P < or = 0.01), had significantly elevated blood pressures (P < 0.01 or P = 0.0001), and in the case of Type 1 DM, with a higher body mass index (P = 0.0001) and waist-hip ratio (P < 0.01). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Type 1 DM was found to increase with the duration of diabetes, from 1.4% in the newly-onset (< 5 years), to 9.9% in those with 5-10 years disease, to 35% among patients with more than 10 years of diabetes (P < 0.0001). In this study, it was also observed that 10% of the Type 2 DM patients already had retinopathy within 5 years of diagnosis, and the prevalence increased significantly to 42.9% (P < 0.0001) among patients who had been diabetics for more than 10 years. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that besides the disease duration, systolic blood pressure was the most common and significant determinant for both microalbuminuria and retinopathy in both types of DM, thus implying that in order to reduce the risk of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus, systolic and not just the diastolic blood pressure, should be effectively controlled.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology*
  6. The Malaysian cataract surgery registry: incidence and risk factors of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis over a 7-year period
    Wai YZ, Fiona Chew LM, Mohamad AS, Ang CL, Chong YY, Adnan TH, et al.
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2018;11(10):1685-1690.
    PMID: 30364221 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.17
    AIM: To report the incidence, risk factors and visual outcomes for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) based on 7-year data from the Malaysian Ministry of Health Cataract Surgery Registry (MOH CSR).

    METHODS: Data was collected from the web-based MOH CSR. All consecutive cataract surgery patients from 1st June 2008 to 31st December 2014 were identified. Exclusion criteria were traumatic cataract or previous ocular surgery. Demographic data, ocular co-morbidities, intraoperative details and postoperative visual acuity (VA) at final ophthalmological follow-up were noted. All eyes were taken for analysis. Subjects with POE were compared against subjects with no POE for risk factor assessment using multiple logistic regressions.

    RESULTS: A total of 163 503 subjects were screened. The incidence of POE was 0.08% (131/163 503). Demographic POE risk factors included male gender (OR: 2.121, 95%CI: 1.464-3.015) and renal disease (OR: 2.867, 95%CI: 1.503-5.467). POE risk increased with secondary causes of cataract (OR: 3.562, 95%CI: 1.740-7.288), uveitis (OR: 11.663, 95%CI: 4.292-31.693) and diabetic retinopathy (OR: 1.720, 95%CI: 1.078-2.744). Intraoperative factors reducing POE were shorter surgical time (OR: 2.114, 95%CI: 1.473-3.032), topical or intracameral anaesthesia (OR: 1.823, 95%CI: 1.278-2.602), posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL; OR: 4.992, 95%CI: 2.689-9.266) and foldable IOL (OR: 2.276, 95%CI: 1.498-3.457). POE risk increased with posterior capsule rupture (OR: 3.773, 95%CI: 1.915-7.432) and vitreous loss (OR: 3.907, 95%CI: 1.720-8.873). Postoperative VA of 6/12 or better was achieved in 15.27% (20/131) subjects with POE.

    CONCLUSION: This study concurs with other studies regarding POE risk factors. Further strengthening of MOH CSR data collection process will enable deeper analysis and optimization of POE treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  7. Fulltext Correlation of retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness with serum uric acid among type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Vinuthinee-Naidu MN, Zunaina E, Azreen-Redzal A, Nyi-Nyi N
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2017 Jun 14;17(1):91.
    PMID: 28615022 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0486-3
    BACKGROUND: Uric acid is a final breakdown product of purine catabolism in humans. It's a potent antioxidant and can also act as a pro-oxidant that induces oxidative stress on the vascular endothelial cells, thus mediating progression of diabetic related diseases. Various epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that uric acid has a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular thickness with serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eye Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan between the period of August 2013 till July 2015 involving type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with no diabetic retinopathy and with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). An evaluation for RNFL and macular thickness was measured using Spectralis Heidelberg optical coherence tomography. Six ml of venous blood was taken for the measurement of serum uric acid and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C).

    RESULTS: A total of 180 diabetic patients were recruited (90 patients with no diabetic retinopathy and 90 patients with NPDR) into the study. The mean level of serum uric acid for both the groups was within normal range and there was no significance difference between the two groups. Based on gender, both male and female gender showed significantly higher level of mean serum uric acid in no diabetic retinopathy group (p = 0.004 respectively). The mean serum uric acid was significantly higher in patient with HbA1C 
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/blood; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis*; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
  8. Fulltext Prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among the rural population - a case study of Temerloh Hospital
    Thevi T, Maslina B, Reddy SC
    Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(1):6-10.
    PMID: 25606238
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among new patients at the eye clinic of Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang.
    Method: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 1081 new patients were examined over a period of six months. Age, gender, ethnicity, visual acuity and diagnosis were noted from the medical records.
    Results: Out of 1081 examined, 607 (56.1%) were males, 783 (72.4%) were Malays. The mean age of patients was 45.2 years (ranging from one month to 91 years). Cataract (248, 22.9%) was the most common eye disease, followed by retinal diseases (124, 11.5%) and ocular trauma (106, 9.8%). Majority of the patients (48) suffering from ocular trauma had foreign body cornea. In 85 premature infants screened for retinopathy, 19 showed different stages of retinopathy of prematurity. Visual impairment was noted in 89 (8.2%) patients, severe visual impairment in 12 (1.1%) and blindness in 35 (3.2%); vision could not be determined in 85 premature infants (7.9%). Cataract was singled out as the cause of severe visual impairment in 11 out of 12 patients.
    Conclusion: Health education at primary health centres and availability of eye specialists in all the district hospitals will facilitate the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind persons by providing early treatment for eye problems (specifically prescription for spectacles, medical treatment and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation).
    Keywords: Visual impairment, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive errors, ocular trauma, conjunctivitis
    Study site: Eye clinic, Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  9. Fulltext Predictive factors of visual outcome of Malaysian cataract patients: a retrospective study
    Thevi T, Godinho MA
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2017;10(9):1452-1459.
    PMID: 28944207 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.09.19
    AIM: To explore the associations between various characteristics of Malaysian cataract patients and their management, and their post-operative visual outcomes, to inform relevant bodies to reduce cataract-related blindness.

    METHODS: We conducted a descriptive secondary data analysis of cataract surgery patients in Melaka Hospital, from 2007 to 2014 using the National Eye Database (NED). Patient-related factors (demographic features, systemic and ocular comorbidities) and management-related factors (surgical duration, type of surgery, type of lens) were analysed for their association with visual outcome (acuity).

    RESULTS: Most patients were Malays (48.23%) and Chinese (38.55%) aged 60-79y (range 0-100y). Hypertension (58.61%) and diabetes (44.89%) were major systemic comorbidities. Glaucoma (6.71%) and diabetic retinopathy (10.12%) were the main ocular comorbidities. Other comorbidities were age-related macular degeneration, pterygium, corneal opacities, macula diseases, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and pseudoexfoliation (0.70%-1.60%). Preoperatively 7150 (55.03%) eyes presented with poor vision. Uncomplicated phacoemulsification performed quickly with foldable lenses gave good results.

    CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians should initiate early detection to prevent late presentation of cataracts causing poor vision and should discuss the risks and benefits of cataract surgery while emphasizing the role of pre-existing comorbidities which may affect the visual outcomes. For good results, phacoemulsification should be done within 30min, without complications, using foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  10. Fulltext Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the University Hospital diabetic population
    Teoh GH, Yow CS, Ngan A, Zaini A
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):77-9.
    PMID: 6633344
    One hundred and forty-five diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic over a four week period were fully examined in an adjacent eye clinic. The fundi were examined with a Halogen light direct ophthalmoscope and the Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope after mydriasis to assess the presence of retinopathy. 44.1 percent of patients examined had Opbthalmoscopicaliy detectable retinopathy while 11 percent were found to have 'serious diabetic eye disease'. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Malaysia is comparable to those of Western countries and Japan.
    Study site: Diabetic clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology*
  11. Fulltext Comparison between the panoptic ophthalmoscope and the conventional direct ophthalmoscope in the detection of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy: the kuching diabetic eye study
    Tan AK, Mallika P. S., Aziz S, Asokumaran T, Intan G, Faridah HA
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(2):83-90.
    PMID: 25606193 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the conventional direct ophthalmoscope and the PanOptic ophthalmoscope in the detection of sight threatening retinopathy, as well as the "Ease of Use" of these equipments.
    METHODS: 200 diabetics, newly referred from primary health physicians were examined. Fundus examinations were performed with pupil dilatation in a dark room. The examinations were performed by a single investigator using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope, the conventional direct ophthalmoscope and slit lamp biomicroscopy.
    RESULTS: The overall sensitivity in detecting sight threatening retinopathy using the conventional direct ophthalmoscope was 73.2% (95% CI: 57.1-85.8%), specificity 93.7% (95% CI: 88.7-96.9%). For PanOptic ophthalmoscope, the overall sensitivity in detecting sight threatening retinopathy was 58.5% (95% CI: 42.1-73.7%), specificity 93.7% (95% CI: 88.7-96.9%). The conventional direct ophthalmoscope was 1.38 times (95% CI: 1.17-1.61 times) as easy to use compared to the PanOptic ophthalmoscope.
    CONCLUSION: The PanOptic ophthalmoscope is not superior to the conventional direct ophthalmoscope for the screening of Sight Threatening Retinopathy.
    KEYWORDS: PanOptic ophthalmoscope; conventional direct ophthalmoscope; sight threatening retinopathy
    Study site: Ophthalmology clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
  12. Fulltext Ophthalmology inpatient consultation: does it make a difference to inpatient management?
    Tajunisah I, Azida J, Zurina ZA, Reddy SC
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):130-3.
    PMID: 20058572 MyJurnal
    Ophthalmology consultation is one of the commonest requested services for inpatients in a tertiary hospital. A total of 290 ophthalmology consultation requests were received over a period of six months (average 12 consultation requests per week) and from these, 222 patients were examined. The patient demographics, the hospitalization data, type of consultations (screening, new problem, preexisting problem), reasons for consultations and the ophthalmology diagnosis were determined. Out of 290 consultation requests, internal medicine services requested the highest number (95, 32.8%); the commonest type of consultation was screening for eye diseases (161, 55.5%) and the most common reason for consultation was to rule out diabetic retinopathy (125, 43.1%). The top five ophthalmology diagnoses after examination were diabetic retinopathy (45, 20.3%), diabetic retinopathy ruled out (37, 16.6%), conjunctivitis (12, 5.4%), refractive error (11, 4.8%) and normal ocular examination (11, 4.9%). Inpatient ophthalmologic procedures were performed in 146 patients, the commonest of which was retinal laser photocoagulation. A total of 133 (59.9%) inpatients had a change in their management as a result of the ophthalmology consultation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis
  13. Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy--a study of 217 patients from University of Malaya Medical Centre
    Tajunisah I, Nabilah H, Reddy SC
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):451-6.
    PMID: 17243523
    Two hundred and seventeen diabetic patients attending the eye clinic were examined to determine the prevalence of retinal changes, and the association between diabetic retinopathy and risk factors. A detailed fundus examination was done, after dilating the pupils, using 90 D lens and slitlamp biomicroscope. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 112 patients (51.6%). Background retinopathy was seen in 40 out of 217 (18.4%), pre-proliferative retinopathy in 11 (5.1%), proliferative retinopathy in 61 (28.1%) and maculopathy in 58 (26.7%) patients. Factors significantly associated with occurrence of retinopathy were duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and presence of systemic complications (diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputation, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy).
    Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology*
  14. Fulltext Awareness of eye complications and prevalence of retinopathy in the first visit to eye clinic among type 2 diabetic patients
    Tajunisah I, Wong P, Tan L, Rokiah P, Reddy S
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(5):519-24.
    PMID: 22553714 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.05.12
    AIM: To assess the awareness of eye complications and the prevalence of retinopathy, in the first visit to eye clinic, among type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary medical centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    METHODS: An investigator-administered questionnaire was given to 137 patients with diabetes undergoing first time eye screening in the eye clinic. This was followed by a detailed fundus examination by a senior ophthalmologist to assess for presence of retinopathy.
    RESULTS: Almost 86% of respondents were aware of diabetic eye complications, especially in patients who had achieved tertiary educational level (96.3%). The majority of the patients (78.8%) were referred by their physicians and only 20.4% came on their own initiative. Many of the patients (43.8%) did not know how frequent they should go for an eye check-up and 72.3% did not know what treatments were available. Lack of understanding on diabetic eye diseases (68.6%) was the main barrier for most patients for not coming for eye screening earlier. Despite a high level of awareness, only 21.9% had recorded HbA1c level of <6.5% while 31.4% were under the erroneous assumption of having a good blood sugar control. A total of 29.2% had diabetic retinopathy in their first visit eye testing.
    CONCLUSION: In the present study, 29.2% of type 2 diabetic patients had retinopathy in their first time eye testing. Although the awareness of diabetic eye complications was high among first time eye screening patients, the appropriate eye care-seeking behavior was comparatively less and should be rectified to prevent the rise of this sight threatening eye disease.
    KEYWORDS: awa-reness; diabetic retinopathy; eye complications; eye screening
    Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
  15. Fulltext Ophthalmic problems among the elderly in Malaysia
    Singh P
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):213-6.
    PMID: 10968087
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology; Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy
  16. Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of jering beans (Archidendron jiringa) in normal and diabetic rats
    Shukri R, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Hamid AA
    J Sci Food Agric, 2011 Nov;91(14):2697-706.
    PMID: 21744354 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4516
    Jering (Archidendron jiringa) is eaten in the tropics and traditionally extolled for treating diabetes, high blood pressure and eliminating bladder stones. Jering contains an unusual amino acid-djenkolic acid (S,S'-methylenebiscysteine)-which may form sharp crystals in the urinary tract, causing pain and haematuria. This study evaluates the beneficial and toxic effects of dietary jering on tissues and organs in normal and diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control
  17. Fulltext Risk factors for retinopathy in diabetes mellitus in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Shriwas SR, Rahman Isa AB, Reddy SC, Mohammad M, Mohammad WBW, Mazlan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Dec;51(4):447-52.
    PMID: 10968032
    Few attempts have been made to determine the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy which is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. One hundred and forty patients of diabetes mellitus were studied to determine the prevalence and types of retinopathy, and its relation to various risk factors. Nearly half (48.6%) of the patients suffered from retinopathy. The significant associated risk factors were long duration of diabetes, proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine level. However, there was no significant association between the prevalence of retinopathy and high levels of serum cholesterol, C-peptide levels, associated hypertension, and glycaemic control of diabetes mellitus. An effective screening programme for detection of retinopathy in the patients of diabetes as a regular practice is encouraged.
    Study site: Diabetic clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology*
  18. Chitosan modified 5-fluorouracil nanostructured lipid carriers for treatment of diabetic retinopathy in rats: A new dimension to an anticancer drug
    Sharma DS, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kumar B, Chitranshi N, Gupta VK, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jan 01;224:810-830.
    PMID: 36302483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.168
    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the chronic complications of diabetes. It includes retinal blood vessels' damage. If untreated, it leads to loss of vision. The existing treatment strategies for DR are expensive, invasive, and need expertise during administration. Hence, there is a need to develop a non-invasive topical formulation that can penetrate deep to the posterior segment of retina and treat the damaged retinal vessels. In addition, it should also provide sustained release. In recent years, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been explored for treating DR and found successful. In this study, chitosan (CS) modified 5-Fluorouracil Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (CS-5-FU-NLCs) were prepared by modified melt emulsification-ultrasonication method and optimized by Box-Behnken Design. The size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of CS-5-FU-NLCs were 163.2 ± 2.3 nm, 0.28 ± 1.52, 21.4 ± 0.5 mV and 85.0 ± 0.2 %, respectively. The in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation study confirmed higher and sustained drug release in CS-5-FU-NLCs as compared to 5-FU solution. HET-CAM Model ensured the non-irritant nature of CS-5-FU-NLCs. In vivo ocular studies of CS-5-FU-NLCs confirmed antiangiogenic effect of 5-FU by CAM model and diabetic retinopathy induced rat model, indicating successful delivery of 5-FU to the retina.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
  19. Fulltext HbA1c and retinal sensitivity in diabetics using microperimetry
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ismail SA, Mutalib HA, Ngah NF
    J Optom, 2018 05 26;12(3):174-179.
    PMID: 29843983 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.03.007
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between HbA1c values and retinal sensitivity at central 10° using the MP-1 microperimeter.

    METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on 32 healthy subjects (control group) and 60 diabetic patients. The diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised of 30 patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and group 2 had 30 patients with mild non-proliferative DR. A full-threshold microperimetry of the central 10° of retina (the macula) was performed on all subjects, utilizing 32 points with the MP-1. The relationship between light sensitivity and HbA1c value was calculated using linear regression analysis.

    RESULTS: Total mean sensitivity at 10° for group 1 without DR, group 2 with mild NPDR and control group were 18.67±0.83, 17.98±1.42 and 19.45±0.34 (dB), respectively. There was a significant difference in total mean retinal sensitivity at 10° between the 3 groups (F(2,89)=18.14, p=0.001). A simple linear regression was calculated to predict HbA1c based on retinal sensitivity. A significant regression equation was found (F(1,90)=107.61, p=0.0001, with an R2 of 0.545). The linear regression analysis revealed that there was a 0.64dB decline in mean retinal sensitivity within the central 10° diameter with an increase of 1mmHg of HbA1c.

    CONCLUSION: Retinal sensitivity at the central 10° of the macula is affected by changes in HbA1c values.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology*
  20. Fulltext Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and Its association to diabetic retinopathy in a Malaysian tertiary hospital
    Samsudin IN, Md Saleh R, Thambiah SC, Mohamad Amir Hamzah AS, Wan Khalik WNF, George E
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2014;10(2):47-51.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. Its development and progression have been linked to dyslipidaemia, although the link remains inconclusive.
    Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among type 2 diabetic patients with DR in a tertiary setting and to determine the association between dyslipidaemia and DR severity.
    Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study using retrospective data of type 2 diabetic patients attending the opthalmology clinic of a tertiary centre from January 2007 to June 2014. Results of their fasting lipid profile and clinical data were retrieved from the hospital information system.
    Results: A total of 178 patient’s data were collected. 120 (n=67.4%) patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NDPR) with moderate NPDR being the most prevalent. Dyslipidaemia was noted in 151 (84.8%) of the patients. Patients had a combination of more than one abnormality in the lipid profile with increased LDL-cholesterol being the main abnormality. Dyslipidaemia was however, not significantly associated with DR severity.
    Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia was highly prevalent in DR patients. The dyslipidaemia was however not associated with severity of DR.
    Study site: Ophthalmology clinic, Hospital (?name), Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links