Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 30 in total

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  1. A case report of primary hyperparathyroidism with severe bony involvement and nephrolithiasis
    Chan SP, Hew FL, Jayaram G, Kumar G, Chang KW, Tay A
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2001 Jan;30(1):66-70.
    PMID: 11242630
    INTRODUCTION: Although the majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have a relatively asymptomatic benign disorder, there are patients who have a more aggressive disorder.

    CLINICAL PICTURE: We report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism presenting during pregnancy complicated by antepartum haemorrhage and severe prematurity. The diagnosis was made postpartum, when her problems rapidly progressed to result in severe neuromuscular weakness, bilateral pathological hip fractures as well as nephrolithiasis.

    TREATMENT: Surgical parathyroidectomy was performed. The underlying lesion was a large solitary parathyroid adenoma with cystic elements.

    CONCLUSION: Primary hyperparathyroidism is not an innocuous disease and can result in severe morbidity if left untreated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/etiology*
  2. Bilateral renal calculi
    Sreenevasan G
    Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1974 Jul;55(1):3-12.
    PMID: 4845653
    Bilateral renal calculi were present in 114 (10.7%) of 1,070 cases of proved urinary calculus admitted to the Urological Department of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, during the period November 1968-May 1973. The management of bilateral renal calculi is discussed with reference to the first 100 cases in this series. The introduction of renography has greatly facilitated the decision as to which kidney should be operated on first. The management of patients with and without uraemia is discussed and the use of the modified V and V-Y incisions for the removal of staghorn calculi is described. Complications and results are briefly reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/diagnosis; Kidney Calculi/radiography; Kidney Calculi/surgery*
  3. Proteomics and detection of uromodulin in first-time renal calculi patients and recurrent renal calculi patients
    Wai-Hoe L, Wing-Seng L, Ismail Z, Lay-Harn G
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2009 Oct;159(1):221-32.
    PMID: 19145410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8503-x
    Renal calculi disease or known as kidney stone disease is the most common urological disorder in both men and women, although it is more prevalent in men. The lifetime chance for an individual to develop renal calculi is approximately 10% whereas the risk of recurrence in a 10-year period is 74%. Therefore, a diagnostic tool for screening or detecting renal calculi is greatly needed. In this study, we analyze urinary protein profiles from patients with renal calculi for the first time (RC), healthy subjects (HS), and patients with recurrent renal calculi (RRC) to identify a biomarker for detecting the disease. Urinary proteins were isolated by salt precipitation and the proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. Target proteins were analyzed with LC/MS/MS. Thirty-two proteins were identified from healthy subjects and patients. Uromodulin was the most abundant urinary protein in HS but was a very faint band if detected at all from those that formed renal calculi for the first time (p < 0.05). Yet the excreted levels of urinary uromodulin in RRC were similar to those of the HS suggesting that uromodulin is a reliable biomarker for only RC. In addition, a few immunoglobulins that were commonly found in the urine of both RC and RRC, which include Ig alpha heavy chain 1, Ig gamma-2 c region, Ig gamma-3 heavy chain disease protein, Ig heavy chain variable region, Ig heavy constant region gamma 4, and Ig heavy chain. Ig heavy chain Fab frag and antibody a5b7 chain B may serve as potential biomarkers for renal calculi disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/diagnosis*; Kidney Calculi/urine*
  4. Multielement analysis of human hair and kidney stones by instrumental neutron activation analysis with the k0-standardization method
    Abugassa I, Sarmani SB, Samat SB
    Appl Radiat Isot, 1999 Jun;50(6):989-94.
    PMID: 10355102
    This paper focuses on the evaluation of the k0 method of instrumental neutron activation analysis in biological materials. The method has been applied in multielement analysis of human hair standard reference materials from IAEA, No. 085, No. 086 and from NIES (National Institute for Environmental Sciences) No. 5. Hair samples from people resident in different parts of Malaysia, in addition to a sample from Japan, were analyzed. In addition, human kidney stones from members of the Malaysian population have been analyzed for minor and trace elements. More than 25 elements have been determined. The samples were irradiated in the rotary rack (Lazy Susan) at the TRIGA Mark II reactor of the Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology and Research (MINT). The accuracy of the method was ascertained by analysis of other reference materials, including 1573 tomato leaves and 1572 citrus leaves. In this method the deviation of the 1/E1+ alpha epithermal neutron flux distribution from the 1/E law (P/T ratio) for true coincidence effects of the gamma-ray cascade and the HPGe detector efficiency were determined and corrected for.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/chemistry*
  5. Comparative effectiveness and safety of various treatment procedures for lower pole renal calculi: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
    Lee SW, Chaiyakunapruk N, Chong HY, Liong ML
    BJU Int, 2015 Aug;116(2):252-64.
    PMID: 25381743 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12983
    To compare the effectiveness of various treatments used for lower pole renal calculi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/surgery*
  6. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of kidney stones
    Sarmani S, Kuan LL, Bakar MA
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 1990 7 1;26-27:497-502.
    PMID: 1704755
    Kidney stone samples of the types calcium oxalate, uric acid, and xanthine were analyzed for their elemental contents by neutron activation analysis to study both the elemental correlation and influence of element on stone precipitation processes. Elements, such as Al, Au, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, Sb, Se, Sr, and Zn, were determined quantitatively. Calcium oxalate stones contained higher concentration of all the elements analyzed compared to uric acid or xanthine stones. The concentrations of Cl, Fe, K, Na, Sr, and Zn were relatively higher than Au, Co, Cr, and Sb. A positive correlation exists between Ca and Zn, whereas a negative correlation exists between Sr and Ca. Zinc may play an important role in the formation of calcium oxalate stone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/chemistry*
  7. Qualification and application of an ELISA for the determination of Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) in human urine and its use for screening of kidney stone disease
    Lau WH, Leong WS, Ismail Z, Gam LH
    Int J Biol Sci, 2008 Aug 04;4(4):215-22.
    PMID: 18695745
    Kidney stone disease affects 1 - 20% of the general population. At present, the diagnosis of a stone is done using radiography method when noticeable symptoms appeared. We developed a non-invasive quantitative assay for urinary THP, namely ELISA; whereby our previous study and other reports had shown the usefulness of THP as biomarker for kidney stone disease. Since urine is biological fluid that is easily obtainable, this method could be used as a screening assay for kidney stone prior to confirmation with radiography. The ELISA gave assay linearity r(2) > 0.999 within the range of 109 ng/mL to 945 ng/mL THP. Assay precisions were < 4% (C.V.) for repeatability and < 5% (C.V.) for reproducibility. Assay accuracy range from 97.7% to 101.2% at the various THP concentrations tested. Assay specificity and sensitivity were 80% and 86%, respectively. The cut-off points at P < 0.05 were 37.0 and 41.2 mug/mL for male and female, respectively. The assay is cost effective and rapid whereby the cost for assaying each urine sample in duplicate is approximately USD0.35 and within 5 hours, 37 samples can be assayed alongside full range of standards and 3 QC samples in each plate. Furthermore, sample preparation is relatively easy where urine sample was diluted 10 times in TEA buffer. The usability of the ELISA method for diagnosis of kidney stone disease is evaluated with 117 healthy subjects and 58 stone formers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/diagnosis*; Kidney Calculi/urine*
  8. Clinical significance of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 polymorphisms in gout
    Das Gupta E, Sakthiswary R, Lee SL, Wong SF, Hussein H, Gun SC
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2018 Mar;21(3):705-709.
    PMID: 27456670 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12918
    AIM: The main objective of this study is to elucidate the clinical significance of the SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 polymorphism among male gout patients.
    METHOD: We consecutively recruited all newly diagnosed male gout patients who were treatment-naive from the rheumatology outpatient clinics of two Malaysian hospitals. Age-matched healthy male adults were employed as controls. All subjects were tested for the SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 genotypes, serum uric acid (SUA), urine uric acid and creatinine levels. All gout subjects were examined for the presence of tophi and sonographically screened for renal calculi.
    RESULTS: A total of 73 male gout patients and 73 age-matched healthy male adults were recruited in this study. The genotypic frequencies of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs1172228 did not differ significantly between the gout cases and the healthy controls. The gout subjects with the CC genotype had significantly higher SUA levels (P = 0.002), family history of gout (P < 0.050) and the occurrence of renal calculi (P = 0.026). The SUA-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of the occurrence of renal calculi in the CC genotype (OR = 1 [reference]) was significantly higher than the CT genotype (OR = 0.338, 95%CI: 0.141-0.813) and the TT genotype (OR = 0.271, 95%CI: 0.086-0.854).
    CONCLUSIONS: The genotypic distribution of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs1172228 in male gout patients did not differ significantly from that of healthy male controls. However, the CC genotype in gout had significant associations with higher levels of SUA, renal calculi and a positive family history of gout.
    Study site: Rheumatology clinic, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Malaysia and Putrajaya Hospital, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/blood; Kidney Calculi/genetics*; Kidney Calculi/urine
  9. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Raman: An effective complementary approach to analyze renal-calculi
    Muhammed Shameem KM, Chawla A, Mallya M, Barik BK, Unnikrishnan VK, Kartha VB, et al.
    J Biophotonics, 2018 06;11(6):e201700271.
    PMID: 29411942 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700271
    Presence of renal-calculi (kidney stones) in human urethra is being increasingly diagnosed over the last decade and is considered as one of the most painful urological disorders. Accurate analysis of such stones plays a vital role in the evaluation of urolithiasis patients and in turn helps the clinicians toward exact etiologies. Two highly complementary laser-based analytical techniques; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy have been used to identify the chemical composition of different types of renal-calculi. LIBS explores elemental characteristics while Raman spectroscopy provides molecular details of the sample. This complete information on the sample composition might help clinicians to identify the key aspects of the formation of kidney stones, hence assist in therapeutic management and to prevent recurrence. The complementarity of both techniques has been emphasized and discussed. LIBS spectra of different types of stones suggest the probable composition of it by virtue of the major, minor and trace elements detected from the sample. However, it failed to differentiate the crystalline form of different hydrates of calcium oxalate stone. This lacuna was overcome by the use of Raman spectroscopy and these results are compared with conventional chemical analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  10. Fulltext Parathyroid Carcinoma: Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in a Retrospective Review of Eight Cases seen in a Single Center
    Shahar S, Lim KP, Mohamad M
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2019;34(2):229-232.
    PMID: 33442162 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.034.02.17
    Eight cases of parathyroid carcinoma were identified (8 females; median age 45 years, range 28-72). Half of whom were diagnosed preoperatively. Hypercalcemic symptoms were seen in 87.5% of the patients and the main complication was nephrolithiasis. At presentation, the median calcium was 3.675 mmol/L, median phosphate of 0.68 mmol/L, median intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was 211 pmol/L. Five patients had regional nodes metastasis and 1 had distant metastasis to the lungs. Parathyroid gland invasion to adjacent structures was seen in 62.5% of cases while another 62.5% showed capsular or vascular infiltration on histology with median tumour size of 3.2 cm. Recurrent hypercalcemia occurred in 50% of the patients with median time of recurrence of 21 months. In this case series, we found that patients with severe hypercalcemia and high iPTH also exhibited a high index suspicion of PC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  11. Some genito-urinary considerations
    Monro JK
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;3:400-5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  12. Fulltext Satisfaction and perceptions of patients toward kidney stones disease management: a review of literature
    Nouri, Ahmed Ibrahim, Hassal, Mohamed Azmi, Allayla, Tuqa Haitham
    Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2018;16(1):55-60.
    MyJurnal
    Urolithiasis considered as a disease condition that is neglected in terms of research because of its perceived low prevalence and possibly the seemingly good prognosis associated with it. However, in recent years, the prevalence of urolithiasis is increasing in both developed and developing countries and the disease is associated with significant burden and healthcare cost from patients’ caregivers, and society’s perspective. All healthcare providers (including pharmacists) have an important role to play in the management of this disease and it deserves more attention in terms of clinical practice and research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of patient satisfaction, from the aspect of defining satisfaction of patients, perceptions toward disease management, and a review of literature of satisfaction of patients with kidney stones and its magnitude in healthcare provided. The medical literature has many articles about urolithiasis management options. However, there have been no sufficient published studies discussing patient-reported outcomes of kidney stone management to evaluate their satisfaction, preferences, treatment expectations, and quality of life. Future studies are needed to spot the light on kidney stones patients’ preferences and reported outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  13. Fulltext Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with reno-colic fistula: A rare complication of urinary tract infection
    Onn LV, Bickle I, Chua HB, Telisinghe PU, Chong CF, Chong VH
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):33-36.
    PMID: 29527279
    Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common presentations in general practice and, in most instances, occurs in a single episode and is easily treated with a course of anti-microbial therapy. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infections, it is important to consider evaluation for any underlying causes. We report the case of a 32 year old female who had recurrent UTIs; this was a case of recurrent UTI secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis from renal stones with resultant reno-colic fistula formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  14. Fulltext Reliability and validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among urological patients: a Malaysian study
    Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS
    Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2001 Oct;55(5):509-13.
    PMID: 11555347 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00897.x
    This present study was undertaken to validate the English version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in urological patients. Validity and reliability were studied in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients without LUTS. Reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Sensitivity to change was expressed as the effect size in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention score in additional patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Internal consistency was excellent. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the 12 items with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.37-0.79, while total scores was 0.79 in the population study. Test-retest correlation coefficient for the 12 items score were highly significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (0.35-0.79). It showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to the effects of treatment. A high degree of significant level between baseline and post-treatment scores were observed across all 12 items in the treatment cohort but not in the control group. The GHQ-12 is suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change in urological disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/psychology
  15. Fulltext Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with lithiasis and chronic gout
    Kaur G, Naik VR, Rahman MNG
    Singapore Med J, 2004 Mar;45(3):125-6.
    PMID: 15029415
    Diffusely-infiltrating mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with lithiasis and chronic gout is reported in a 61-year-old Malay man. The patient underwent left nephrectomy and vesiculo-lithotomy. This tumour is postulated to arise in response to chronic irritation of the urothelium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/etiology*
  16. Fulltext Retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stones smaller than 2 cm
    Ho CC, Hafidzul J, Praveen S, Goh EH, Bong JJ, Lee BC, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 2010 Jun;51(6):512-5.
    PMID: 20658113
    Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is accepted as the gold standard treatment for renal stones that are smaller than 2 cm. Recently, retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has been introduced as another form of treatment. We report our experience in dealing with renal stones smaller than 2 cm using RIRS as the primary treatment and following failed ESWL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/pathology; Kidney Calculi/surgery*
  17. Fulltext Urinary erythrocyte morphology as a diagnostic aid in haematuria
    Ahmad G, Segasothy M, Morad Z
    Singapore Med J, 1993 Dec;34(6):486-8.
    PMID: 8153706
    The value of urinary erythrocyte morphology in diagnosing glomerular and nonglomerular haematuria was studied using phase contrast microscopy in 105 patients with significant haematuria. Fifty-eight (93.6%) out of 62 patients with glomerulonephritis had dysmorphic erythrocytes and 40 (93.1%) out of the 43 patients with nonglomerular disease had isomorphic erythrocytes in the urine. A mixed picture of glomerular and nonglomerular haematuria was seen in 5 patients. The sensitivity was 93.6%, the specificity was 97.7% and the positive predictive value was 98.3% for glomerulonephritis in patients with dysmorphic haematuria. The positive predictive value for a nonglomerular source of bleeding was 96.7% with isomorphic haematuria. It is concluded that phase contrast microscopic examination of erythrocytes in urine is a simple, inexpensive and noninvasive technique that reliably distinguishes between glomerular and nonglomerular bleeding in patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/diagnosis; Kidney Calculi/urine
  18. Fulltext Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis with a Hypertrophied, Trabeculated Urinary Bladder
    Iqbal S, Raiz I, Faiz I
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):106-115.
    PMID: 28894411 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.14
    Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis involves the dilatation of the renal pelvis, calyces and ureter; it develops secondary to urinary tract obstruction and leads to a build-up of back pressure in the urinary tract, and it may lead to impairment of renal function and ultimately culminate in renal failure. Although clinically silent in most cases, it can be diagnosed as an incidental finding during evaluation of an unrelated cause. In a minority of patients, it presents with signs and symptoms. Renal calculus is the most common cause, but there are multiple non-calculus aetiologies, and they depend on age and sex. Pelviureteric junction obstruction, benign prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture, neurogenic bladder, retroperitoneal mass and bladder outlet obstruction are some of the frequent causes of hydroureteronephrosis in adults. The incidence of non-calculus hydronephrosis is more common in males than in females. Ultrasonography is the most important baseline investigation in the evaluation of patients with hydronephrosis. Here, we report a rarely seen case of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis associated with a hypertrophied, trabeculated bladder in an adult male cadaver, suspected to be due to a primary bladder neck obstruction, and analyse its various other causes, clinical presentations and outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  19. Renal diseases in pregnancy: a clinical review and appraisal
    Sinnathuray TA
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):253-6.
    PMID: 4261295
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/complications
  20. Fulltext Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a diabetic patient with pelvic-ureteric stone
    Chan AC, Rohan MJ, Hamid A, Azam A
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Jun;62(2):166-7.
    PMID: 18705456 MyJurnal
    Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare but life threatening infection of kidney that is characterized by gas formation within or around the kidney. We describe a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis as a consequence of inadequately treated pelvic-ureteric stone in a diabetic man and complement this with a brief review of the literature pertaining in particular to the management of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/complications*
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