Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 45 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Design suggestions for an mHealth app to facilitate communication between pharmacists and the Deaf: perspective of the Deaf community (HEARD Project)
    Jacob SA, Chong EY, Goh SL, Palanisamy UD
    Mhealth, 2021;7:29.
    PMID: 33898598 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2020.01.04
    Background: Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) patients have trouble communicating with community pharmacists and accessing the healthcare system. This study explored the views on a proposed mobile health (mHealth) app in terms of design and features, that will be able to bridge the communication gap between community pharmacists and DHH patients.

    Methods: A community-based participatory research method was utilized. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in Malaysian sign language (BIM) with a total of 10 DHH individuals. Respondents were recruited using purposive sampling. Video-recordings were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic approach.

    Results: Two themes emerged: (I) challenges and scepticism of the healthcare system; and (II) features of the mHealth app. Respondents expressed fears and concerns about accessing healthcare services, and stressed on the need for sign language interpreters. There were also concerns about data privacy and security. With regard to app features, the majority preferred videos instead of text to convey information about their disease and medication, due to their lower literacy levels.

    Conclusions: For an mHealth app to be effective, app designers must ensure the app is individualised according to the cultural and linguistic diversity of the target audience. Pharmacists should also educate patients on the potential benefits of the app in terms of assisting patients with their medicine-taking.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  2. Fulltext Cultural adaptation and linguistic validation of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire in Malaysia
    Tan CS, Hassali MA, Neoh CF, Saleem F, Horne R
    Value Health Reg Issues, 2018 May;15:161-168.
    PMID: 29730249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2017.12.010
    BACKGROUND: Low rate of adherence was found strongly associated with patients' beliefs across the studies about chronic diseases with hypertension. A crucial move is needed to bridge the gap between appropriate assessment tools and local hypertensive patients' medication adherence.

    OBJECTIVE: To produce a translated version in Malay language of Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) that was "conceptually equivalent" to the original English version for use in local clinical practice and research.

    METHODS: The forward translation process was conducted by two independent professional translators and back translation was done by two other independent translators. A reliability analysis was conducted on 238 conveniently selected hypertensive patients. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability for the randomly selected 40 patients in a period of 2 weeks. Discriminant validity was tested through Necessity-Concerns differential, BMQ subscales, and other parameters.

    RESULTS: The overall Cronbach alpha for the internal consistency was good (0.860). The subscales of the BMQ demonstrated adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha value of 0.759 for Specific-Necessity, 0.762 for Specific Concern, 0.624 for General-Overuse, and 0.756 for General-Harm. The ICC was excellent (0.922). Discriminant validity revealed that BMQ Specific-Necessity score was significantly inversely correlated with the systolic blood pressure level. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels (P = 0.038; P = 0.05) were reported to be significantly correlated with the Necessity-Concerns differential, with Necessity score equal or exceeding Concerns score.

    CONCLUSIONS: The Malay-translated version of BMQ is a reliable and valid tool to assess patient belief about medication, especially medication adherence among the hypertensive patients in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics*
  3. Fulltext MALAY SINGLE SENTENCE PARSER
    MUHAMMAD IQBAL NORDIN, NOOR HAFHIZAH ABD RAHIM
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(3):87-95.
    MyJurnal
    Parser is aprocess of classifying sentence structuresof a language. Parser receives a sentence and breaks it up into correct phrases. The purpose of this research is to develop a Malay single sentence parser that can help primary school studentsto learn Malay language according to the correct phrases. Thisis because research in Malay sentenceparsinghasnot gottenenough attention from researchers tothe extent ofbuildingparserprototypes. This research used top-down parsing technique,and grammar chosen was context-free grammar (CFG) for Malay language. However, to parse a sentence with correct phrase was a difficult task due to lack of resourcesfor obtainingMalay lexicon. Malay lexicon is a database that storesthousands of words with their correct phrases. Therefore, this research developeda Malay lexicon based on an articlefrom Dewan Masyarakatmagazine. In conclusion, this research can providehelpto the primaryschoolstudentsto organize correct Malay single sentences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  4. Fulltext A systematic translation and cultural adaptation process for Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21)
    Rosnah I, Noor Hassim I, Shafizah AS
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Oct;68(5):424-34.
    PMID: 24632873 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was first constructed to measure eating behavior in an English population in the United States. It has been validated and translated for various populations in different languages. The aim of this article is to describe a systematic process for translating the questionnaire from English to Malay language.

    METHODOLOGY: The report of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) Task Force was used as the basis for the systematic translation process. The process began with preparation; followed by forward translation (2 independent translators), reconciliation, back translation (2 independent translators), back translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing results and finalization, proofreading; and ended with the final report. Four independent Malay translators who fluent in English and reside in Malaysia were involved in the process. A team of health care researchers had assisted the review of the new translated questionnaires.

    RESULTS: Majority of the TFEQ-R21 items were experiencing, conceptually and semantically equivalence between original English and translated English. However, certain phrase such as "feels like bottomless pit" was difficult to translate by forward translators. Cognitive debriefing was a very helpful process to ensure the TFEQ-R21 Malay version was appropriate in term of wording and culturally accepted. A total of four redundant comments in regards to response scale wording, word confusion and wording arrangement.

    CONCLUSION: The systematic translation process is a way to reduce the linguistic discrepancies between the English and Malay language in order to promote equivalence and culturally adapted TFEQ-R21 questionnaire.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  5. Fulltext Interventions for children with dyslexia: A review on current intervention methods
    Nurul Anis MY, Normah CD, Mahadir A, Norhayati I, Rogayah AR, Dzalani H
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 10;73(5):311-320.
    PMID: 30350811 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Dyslexia is a neurobiological impairment that primarily affects reading ability. It is commonly known as a reading disorder which is likely to be present at birth and is generally identified at pre-school level. Dyslexia is manifested through difficulties with accurate word recognition and also by poor performance in reading and writing.

    METHOD: The main objective of this paper is to review the various methods or treatments that are used to manage the literacy and cognitive abilities for children with dyslexia particularly in Malaysia. The articles were obtained from online databases such as PubMed, Ebscohost and Medline during the time frame of six years starting from 2000 until 2016. An initial count of 300 articles were generated but only 13 articles met the inclusive criteria.

    RESULTS: There are a few types of interventions such as the multisensory method, the phonological intervention, and the cognitive training method which can be used to improve literacy and cognitive deficits among children with dyslexia. In Malaysia, most of the treatments are focused on the aspects of language such as word mastery, alphabet identification and writing skills. The cognitive training were carried out to improve specific domain such as visuospatial skills, memory skills and psychomotor skills.

    CONCLUSION: There is yet no studies which has employed the comprehensive method of combining the intervention of cognitive functions and linguistics-literacy deficits. It is imperative that researchers in Malaysia go beyond literacy skills and take into consideration the underlying cognitive functions which contribute to the specific reading and writing difficulties of Malaysian children with dyslexia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  6. Microsatellite DYS385 polymorphism among the Tai and Mon-Khmer speaking populations of Northern Thailand
    Jatupol Kampuansai, Siriwadee Chomdej
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1453-1459.
    Microsatellite DYS385 is a highly polymorphic marker in the Y chromosome. It has been used for investigating population genetic structure and personal identification in various ethnic groups of the world. This research aimed to analyze the microsatellite DYS385 polymorphism among 9 Tai and 11 Mon-Khmer speaking populations of northern Thailand. Fiftysix different haplotypes were found in 453 samples from 20 populations. Haplotype diversities and discrimination powers of populations belonging to the Tai linguistic family was higher than those of the Mon-Khmer group. Genetic affinities based on DYS385 variation do not conform to linguistic classification but a fraction of genetic divergence patterns can be explained by geographic distances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  7. Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Malaysian version of Diabetes Quality of Life-Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI): Methodological issues to avoid to misinterpretation
    Safiri S, Ayubi E
    Res Social Adm Pharm, 2016 11 24;13(2):398.
    PMID: 27914951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.11.004
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics*
  8. Response to Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Malaysian version of Diabetes Quality of Life-Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI): Methodological issues to avoid misinterpretation
    Neoh CF, Samah S, Wong YY, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Lim SM, et al.
    Res Social Adm Pharm, 2017 02 12;13(4):884.
    PMID: 28259586 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.02.004
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics/standards*
  9. Fulltext Cross-linguistic patterns in the acquisition of quantifiers
    Katsos N, Cummins C, Ezeizabarrena MJ, Gavarró A, Kuvač Kraljević J, Hrzica G, et al.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2016 08 16;113(33):9244-9.
    PMID: 27482119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601341113
    Learners of most languages are faced with the task of acquiring words to talk about number and quantity. Much is known about the order of acquisition of number words as well as the cognitive and perceptual systems and cultural practices that shape it. Substantially less is known about the acquisition of quantifiers. Here, we consider the extent to which systems and practices that support number word acquisition can be applied to quantifier acquisition and conclude that the two domains are largely distinct in this respect. Consequently, we hypothesize that the acquisition of quantifiers is constrained by a set of factors related to each quantifier's specific meaning. We investigate competence with the expressions for "all," "none," "some," "some…not," and "most" in 31 languages, representing 11 language types, by testing 768 5-y-old children and 536 adults. We found a cross-linguistically similar order of acquisition of quantifiers, explicable in terms of four factors relating to their meaning and use. In addition, exploratory analyses reveal that language- and learner-specific factors, such as negative concord and gender, are significant predictors of variation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics*
  10. Fulltext An Integrated Approach of Fuzzy Linguistic Preference Based AHP and Fuzzy COPRAS for Machine Tool Evaluation
    Nguyen HT, Md Dawal SZ, Nukman Y, Aoyama H, Case K
    PLoS One, 2015;10(9):e0133599.
    PMID: 26368541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133599
    Globalization of business and competitiveness in manufacturing has forced companies to improve their manufacturing facilities to respond to market requirements. Machine tool evaluation involves an essential decision using imprecise and vague information, and plays a major role to improve the productivity and flexibility in manufacturing. The aim of this study is to present an integrated approach for decision-making in machine tool selection. This paper is focused on the integration of a consistent fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and a fuzzy COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) for multi-attribute decision-making in selecting the most suitable machine tool. In this method, the fuzzy linguistic reference relation is integrated into AHP to handle the imprecise and vague information, and to simplify the data collection for the pair-wise comparison matrix of the AHP which determines the weights of attributes. The output of the fuzzy AHP is imported into the fuzzy COPRAS method for ranking alternatives through the closeness coefficient. Presentation of the proposed model application is provided by a numerical example based on the collection of data by questionnaire and from the literature. The results highlight the integration of the improved fuzzy AHP and the fuzzy COPRAS as a precise tool and provide effective multi-attribute decision-making for evaluating the machine tool in the uncertain environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  11. Fulltext Building a green Belt and Road: A systematic review and comparative assessment of the Chinese and English-language literature
    Teo HC, Campos-Arceiz A, Li BV, Wu M, Lechner AM
    PLoS One, 2020;15(9):e0239009.
    PMID: 32932516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239009
    International attention on the environmental impacts of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is increasing, but little is known internationally about the large corpus of Chinese BRI environmental research. We present the first systematic review of the Chinese and English-language BRI environmental research, supported with text mining and sentiment analysis. We found that the research is dominated by Chinese authors writing about BRI routes within China in Chinese, even though concerns around BRI are largely about impacts and benefits within host countries, and the volume of publications in English is recently catching up. Different disciplines and methods are well-represented across languages, apart from specific types of Chinese social science papers. The sentiments of academic research are largely neutral and less polarised than media discourse. We recommend that scientists and practitioners should pay more attention to BRI environmental impacts in developing countries and proactively engage local voices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics/methods*
  12. Fulltext Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
    Nikitina L, Paidi R, Furuoka F
    PLoS One, 2019;14(1):e0210668.
    PMID: 30640925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210668
    Quantitative applied linguistics research often takes place in restricted settings of an intact language classroom, workplace, phonetics laboratory or longitudinal sample. In such settings the samples tend to be small, which raises several methodological problems. The main aim of the current paper is to give a detailed explanation of methodological and practical implications inherent in a robust statistical method called bootstrapped quantile regression (BQR) analysis. Importantly for applied linguistics research, the BQR method could help to deal with methodological difficulties inherent in small sample studies. The current study employed a moderately small sample (N = 27) of students learning the Japanese language in a Malaysian public university. It examined the relationships between the students' language learning motivation (specifically, integrative orientation), the students' images or stereotypes about Japan and their global attitudes toward the target language country and its people. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the students' attitudes toward the target language country and their integrative orientation. In addition, these attitudes were found to be the most constant determinant of the integrative orientation. Besides the applied linguistics research, the BQR method can be used in a variety of the human sciences research where a sample size is small.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics/methods*
  13. Fulltext Geographical and social isolation drive the evolution of Austronesian languages
    Padilla-Iglesias C, Gjesfjeld E, Vinicius L
    PLoS One, 2020;15(12):e0243171.
    PMID: 33259529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243171
    The origins of linguistic diversity remain controversial. Studies disagree on whether group features such as population size or social structure accelerate or decelerate linguistic differentiation. While some analyses of between-group factors highlight the role of geographical isolation and reduced linguistic exchange in differentiation, others suggest that linguistic divergence is driven primarily by warfare among neighbouring groups and the use of language as marker of group identity. Here we provide the first integrated test of the effects of five historical sociodemographic and geographic variables on three measures of linguistic diversification among 50 Austronesian languages: rates of word gain, loss and overall lexical turnover. We control for their shared evolutionary histories through a time-calibrated phylogenetic sister-pairs approach. Results show that languages spoken in larger communities create new words at a faster pace. Within-group conflict promotes linguistic differentiation by increasing word loss, while warfare hinders linguistic differentiation by decreasing both rates of word gain and loss. Finally, we show that geographical isolation is a strong driver of lexical evolution mainly due to a considerable drift-driven acceleration in rates of word loss. We conclude that the motor of extreme linguistic diversity in Austronesia may have been the dispersal of populations across relatively isolated islands, favouring strong cultural ties amongst societies instead of warfare and cultural group marking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  14. Fulltext Decision making procedure based on Jaccard similarity measure with z-numbers
    Mohamad, D., Ibrahim, S.Z.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(2):561-574.
    MyJurnal
    Fuzzy set with similarity measure approaches are known to be effective in handling imprecise and
    subjective information to solve decision making problems. Many methods have been introduced based on these two concepts. However, most methods do not take into account the reliability factor of the imprecise information in the evaluation process. In 2010, Zadeh coined the idea of Z-number that has the ability to consider the reliability factor or the level of confidence of human’s information expression. Since then, some decision-making methods have included this concept. In this paper, we present a new fuzzy decision making procedure by integrating the Jaccard similarity measure with Z-number to solve a multi criteria decision making problem. The conversion method of the Z-number based linguistic value to trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is used and the Jaccard similarity measure of the expected intervals of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is applied to obtain the final decision. The feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by investigating the preference factors that could influence customers to buy their preferred choice of car. The proposed methodology is applicable to solving decision making with a fuzzy environment to achieve a reliable and optimal decision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  15. The effects of linguistic modification on ESL students' comprehension of nursing course test items
    Bosher S, Bowles M
    Nurs Educ Perspect, 2008 May-Jun;29(3):165-72.
    PMID: 18575241
    Recent research has indicated that language may be a source of construct-irrelevant variance for non-native speakers of English, or English as a second language (ESL) students, when they take exams. As a result, exams may not accurately measure knowledge of nursing content. One accommodation often used to level the playing field for ESL students is linguistic modification, a process by which the reading load of test items is reduced while the content and integrity of the item are maintained. Research on the effects of linguistic modification has been conducted on examinees in the K-12 population, but is just beginning in other areas. This study describes the collaborative process by which items from a pathophysiology exam were linguistically modified and subsequently evaluated for comprehensibility by ESL students. Findings indicate that in a majority of cases, modification improved examinees' comprehension of test items. Implications for test item writing and future research are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  16. Changes in Error Patterns during N-back Training Indicate Reliance on Subvocal Rehearsal
    Chooi WT, Logie R
    Mem Cognit, 2020 11;48(8):1484-1503.
    PMID: 32661910 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-020-01066-w
    Contemporary cognitive training literature suggests that training on an adaptive task produces improvements only in the trained task or near transfer effects. No study has yet systematically explained the mechanism behind improved performance on the N-back. In this study, we first investigated how improvements in an N-back task using eight pairs of phonologically similar words as stimuli occurred by examining error distributions of the task over training sessions. Nineteen participants (non-native English speakers) trained for 20 sessions over 5 weeks. We observed a reduction in false alarms to non-target words and fewer missed target words. Though the absolute number of phonological-based errors reduced as training progressed, the proportion of this error type did not decrease over time suggesting participants increasingly relied on subvocal rehearsal in completing the N-back. In the second experiment, we evaluated if improvements developed during N-back training transferred to tasks that relied on serial order memory using simple span tasks (letter span with phonologically distinct letters, letter span with phonologically similar letters, digit span forward, and digit span backward). Twenty-nine participants trained on the N-back and 16 trained on the Operation Span (OSPAN) for 15 sessions over 4 weeks. Neither group of participants showed improvements on any of the simple span tasks. In the third experiment, 20 participants (16 native English speakers) trained on the N-back for 15 sessions over 4 weeks also showed increasing reliance on subvocal rehearsal as they progressed through training. Self-report strategy use did not predict improvements on the N-back.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  17. Fulltext The satisfaction with life scale: Psychometric properties in Pakistani population
    Barki N, Choudhry FR, Munawar K
    Med J Islam Repub Iran, 2020;34:159.
    PMID: 33500886 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.159
    Background: The construct of satisfaction with life has been studied across various cultures through the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) has been validated across several populations and languages. There are no published psychometric properties of its Urdu version. Hence, the aim of this study was to ascertain the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the SWLS among the Urdu speaking population of Pakistan. Methods: The SWLS has already been translated into Urdu, and the Urdu version is available on the author's website however there is no information about its psychometric properties. To establish the psychometric properties especially the factor structure of the already translated Urdu SWLS, the SWLS-Urdu was administered to Urdu speaking population residing in Pakistan. The statistical analyses (i.e., normality through skewness and kurtosis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test of sphericity, and test and re-test reliability) were conducted through SPSS version 25.0. Structure Equation Modelling via maximum likelihood method of estimation was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis on the data using AMOS 20.0. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The study was completed by recruiting 120 participants from different universities in Lahore, Pakistan. The sample was equally divided between male and female participants. The mean age of participants was 22.7(3.6) years. Test of the adequacy of the sample through Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin showed KMO=0.88 and Bartlett's test of sphericity (p<0.001). The Cronbach's alpha reliability of the scale was 0.90 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a one-factor model as a good fit with strong statistical evidence. No factorial group variances were noticed in male and female participants. Conclusion: This study shows that Urdu SWLS has sound psychometric properties, is linguistically and culturally acceptable, and equally useful in assessing satisfaction with life in the Urdu speaking population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  18. Fulltext Language structure in Kelantan's flood situation from the perspective of Speech Act
    Aswadi Mohamad, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):17-25.
    MyJurnal
    This article focuses in structure of language within the village society in Manik Urai Kelantan during
    the flood situation. The research was specifically to identify the structure of Speech Act use by the rural
    community to give information about flood. Besides, this research observes the application of
    linguistics methodology during flood situation using Speech Act Theory which is the categorization of
    Speech Act by Searle (1969). This theory was choose for the ability to detail linguistic's differences
    based on the structure of Speech Act categories such as representatives, directives, commissives,
    expresives and declaratives. For the purpose of the research, a video about flood situation was choose
    and transcribe to observe the the structure of speech act within the village society in the flood situation.
    The result of the research shows all Speech Act have their structure. The beneficial of this research is as
    a guideline and reference for the readers and language researchers especially those who were active
    participant of volunteer field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  19. Fulltext The development of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System model to diagnosis diabetes disease data set
    Mamuda M, Sathasivam S
    MATEMATIKA, 2017;33(1):11-19.
    MyJurnal
    Medical diagnosis is the extrapolation of the future course and outcome of a disease and a sign of the likelihood of recovery from that disease. Diagnosis is important because it is used to guide the type and intensity of the medication to be administered to patients. A hybrid intelligent system that combines the fuzzy logic qualitative approach and Adaptive Neural Networks (ANNs) with the capabilities of getting a better performance is required. In this paper, a method for modeling the survival of diabetes patient by utilizing the application of the Adaptive NeuroFuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is introduced with the aim of turning data into knowledge that can be understood by people. The ANFIS approach implements the hybrid learning algorithm that combines the gradient descent algorithm and a recursive least square error algorithm to update the antecedent and consequent parameters. The combination of fuzzy inference that will represent knowledge in an interpretable manner and the learning ability of neural network that can adjust the membership functions of the parameters and linguistic rules from data will be considered. The proposed framework can be applied to estimate the risk and survival curve between different diagnostic factors and survival time with the explanation capabilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
  20. Static watson-crick linear grammars and its computational power
    Aqilahfarhana Abdul Rahman, Wan Heng Fong, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Sherzod Turaev, Nurul Liyana Mohamad Zulkufli
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(3):283-296.
    MyJurnal
    DNA computing, or more generally, molecular computing, is a recent development on computations using biological molecules, instead of the traditional silicon-chips. Some computational models which are based on different operations of DNA molecules have been developed by using the concept of formal language theory. The operations of DNA molecules inspire various types of formal language tools which include sticker systems, grammars and automata. Recently, the grammar counterparts of Watson-Crick automata known as Watson-Crick grammars which consist of regular, linear and context-free grammars, are defined as grammar models that generate double-stranded strings using the important feature of Watson-Crick complementarity rule. In this research, a new variant of static Watson-Crick linear grammar is introduced as an extension of static Watson-Crick regular grammar. A static Watson-Crick linear grammar is a grammar counterpart of sticker system that generates the double-stranded strings and uses rule as in linear grammar. The main result of the paper is to determine some computational properties of static Watson-Crick linear grammars. Next, the hierarchy between static Watson-Crick languages, Watson-Crick languages, Chomsky languages and families of languages generated by sticker systems are presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links