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Cyprinid fishes of the genus Neolissochilus in Peninsular Malaysia

Khaironizam MZ, Akaria-Ismail M, Armbruster JW

Zootaxa, 2015;3962(1):139-57.
PMID: 26249381 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.7

Meristic, morphometric and distributional patterns of cyprinid fishes of the genus Neolissochilus found in Peninsular Malaysia are presented. Based on the current concept of Neolissochilus, only two species are present: N. soroides and N. hendersoni. Neolissochilus hendersoni differs from N. soroides by having lower scale and gill raker counts. Neolissochilus soroides has three mouth types (normal with a rounded snout, snout with a truncate edge, and lobe with a comparatively thick lower lip). A PCA of log-transformed measurements did not reveal significant differences between N. hendersoni and N. soroides, or between any of the morphotypes of N. soroides; however, a CVA of log-transformed measurements successfully classified 87.1% of all specimens. Removing body size by running a CVA on all of the principal components except PC1 (which was correlated with length) only slightly decreased the successful classification rate to 86.1%. Differences in morphometrics were as great between the three morphotypes of N. soroides as between any of the morphotypes and N. hendersoni suggesting that the morphotypes should be examined in greater detail with genetic tools. The PCA of morphometrics revealed separate clouds for N. hendersoni and N. soroides, but no differences between the N. soroides morphotypes. This study revealed that N. hendersoni is recorded for the first time in the mainland area of Peninsular Malaysia. Other nominal species of Neolissochilus reported to occur in the river systems of Peninsular Malaysia are discussed. Lissochilus tweediei Herre in Herre & Myers 1937 and Tor soro Bishop 1973 are synonyms of Neolissochilus soroides.

Matched MeSH terms: Lip
Fulltext Depreissia decipiens, an enigmatic canopy spider from Borneo revisited (Araneae, Salticidae), with remarks on the distribution and diversity of canopy spiders in Sabah, Borneo

Deeleman-Reinhold CL, Miller J, Floren A

Zookeys, 2016.
PMID: 26877691 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.556.6174

Depreissia is a little known genus comprising two hymenopteran-mimicking species, one found in Central Africa and one in the north of Borneo. The male of Depreissia decipiens is redescribed, the female is described for the first time. The carapace is elongated, dorsally flattened and rhombus-shaped, the rear of the thorax laterally depressed and transformed, with a pair of deep pits; the pedicel is almost as long as the abdomen. The male palp is unusual, characterized by the transverse deeply split membranous tegulum separating a ventral part which bears a sclerotized tegular apophysis and a large dagger-like retrodirected median apophysis. The female epigyne consists of one pair of large adjacent spermathecae and very long copulatory ducts arising posteriorly and rising laterally alongside the spermathecae continuing in several vertical and horizontal coils over the anterior surface. Relationships within the Salticidae are discussed and an affinity with the Cocalodinae is suggested. Arguments are provided for a hypothesis that Depreissia decipiens is not ant-mimicking as was previously believed, but is a mimic of polistinine wasps. The species was found in the canopy in the Kinabalu area only, in primary and old secondary rainforest at 200-700 m.a.s.l. Overlap of canopy-dwelling spider species with those in the understorey are discussed and examples of species richness and endemism in the canopy are highlighted. Canopy fogging is a very efficient method of collecting for most arthropods. The canopy fauna adds an extra dimension to the known biodiversity of the tropical rainforest. In southeast Asia, canopy research has been neglected, inhibiting evaluation of comparative results of this canopy project with that from other regions. More use of fogging as a collecting method would greatly improve insight into the actual species richness and species distribution in general.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip; Lip
Fulltext A new species of Aciconula (Amphipoda, Senticauda, Caprellidae) from Sultan Iskandar Marine Park, Malaysia

Lim JHC, Azman BAR, Othman BHR

Zookeys, 2019;859:17-29.
PMID: 31327920 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.859.33284

A new species of caprellid, Aciconulatinggiensis (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Caprellidae) was discovered from Pulau Tinggi, Sultan Iskandar Marine Park (SIMP), South China Sea, Malaysia. The new Malaysian species can be distinguished from the other Aciconula species by the combination of the following characters: 1. the presence of a very small suture between head and pereonite 1; 2. antenna 1 flagellum with 4 articles; 3. inner lobe of lower lip unilobed; 4. gnathopod 2 palm of propodus with a large proximal projection (stretching from the proximal margin of the palm to nearly mid-way of palm); 5. pereopods 3-4 with 2 articles (article 1 subrectangular, article 2 conical or tapering at the tip with 1 plumose seta and 2 normal setae) and; 6. pereopod 5 covered with relatively dense and long setae. An updated identification key for the five known species in the genus, including information on the respective geographical distribution and habitat, is presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Lip
Fulltext Anaphylactic shock following the bite of a wild Kayan slow loris (Nycticebus kayan): implications for slow loris conservation

Madani G, Nekaris KA

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis, 2014;20(1):43.
PMID: 25309586 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-43

BACKGROUND: Asian slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) are one of few known venomous mammals, yet until now only one published case report has documented the impact of their venomous bite on humans. We describe the reaction of a patient to the bite of a subadult Nycticebus kayan, which occurred in the Mulu District of Sarawak in 2012.

FINDINGS: Within minutes of the bite, the patient experienced paraesthesia in the right side of the jaw, ear and right foot. By 40 minutes, swelling of the face was pronounced. The patient was admitted to Mulu National Park Health Clinic/Klinik Kesihatan Taman Mulu Tarikh, at which time he was experiencing: swollen mouth, chest pain, mild abdominal pain, nausea, numbness of the lips and mouth, shortness of breath, weakness, agitation and the sensation of pressure in the ears due to swelling. The blood pressure was 110/76, the heart ratio was 116 and oxygen saturation was 96%. The patient was treated intramuscularly with adrenaline (0.5 mL), followed by intravenous injection of hydrocortisone (400 mg) and then intravenous fluid therapy of normal saline (500 mg). By 8 h10 the next day, the patient's condition had significantly improved with no nausea, and with blood pressure and pulse rate stable.

CONCLUSIONS: A handful of anecdotes further support the real danger that slow loris bites pose to humans. As the illegal pet trade is a major factor in the decline of these threatened species, we hope that by reporting on the danger of handling these animals it may help to reduce their desirability as a pet.

Matched MeSH terms: Lip
Assessment of growth and feeding practices in children with cleft lip and palate

Gopinath VK, Muda WA

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005 Jan;36(1):254-8.
PMID: 15906679

Feeding difficulties in cleft lip and palate (CLP) infants is commonly observed and is the most traumatic experience the family has to face. These infants are undernourished and have compromised growth. The purpose of this study was to 1) assess general health and growth parameters in children with CLP and in normal children; and 2) investigate the feeding methods of CLP infants and normal infants. A total of 221 children from birth to six years of both sexes, with CLP (60 children) and normal (161 children) were selected. The CLP and normal children were divided into three subgroups by age. The practice of feeding the infants in subgroup I was assessed using standard piloted questionnaires. The assessment of growth was done at baseline and at six months in all the subgroups.The general well being of the children was assessed by noting the number of common infections. Results showed that a significantly higher percentage of mothers with normal babies (p < 0.01) had a positive attitude towards breast feeding. When compared to normal children, CLP children were more susceptible to infections (p < 0.05) and measured significantly lower on the height growth curve(p < 0.05). Hence, height can be used to monitor growth in CLP children.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip/complications*
Fulltext Speech disorders in operated cleft lip and palate children in Northeast Malaysia

Normastura AR, Mohd Khairi MD, Azizah Y, Nizam A, Samsuddin AR, Naing L

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):21-5.
PMID: 18935726

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and association of speech disorders among operated cleft lip and palate children (CLP) in Northeast Malaysia. A comparative cross sectional study was performed on 98 operated CLP and 109 non-cleft subjects that aged between 3- 12-years-old. Data collection was done clinically and also by recording speech samples of each subject from both groups using a portable cassette recorder. Results showed that the prevalence of speech abnormality was 61.2% (95% CI: 51.41-71.04) and the risk of having speech abnormality was 174.5 times (95% CI: 23.04, 1320.67; P value < 0.001) in CLP children compared to non-cleft children. Therefore it was found that children with appropriately repaired CLP in Northeast Malaysia failed to have normal speech.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip/complications*; Cleft Lip/surgery*
An exploratory study on speech and hearing outcomes in children with cleft lip and palate

Mohd Ibrahim H, Mohamed Yusoff FH, Ahmad K, Van Dort S

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):321-5.
PMID: 26988203 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the treatment outcomes of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) receiving surgical care for primary lip and palate closure in Malaysia.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the speech and hearing status of Malay-speaking children with CLP residing in Kuala Lumpur.
METHODS: Parents whose children were between the age of 5 and 7 years were recruited via the Cleft Lip and Palate Association of Malaysia (CLAPAM) registry. Parents completed a survey and the children completed a speech and hearing assessment at the Audiology and Speech Sciences Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
OUTCOMES: Speech measures include nasality rating, nasalance scores, articulation errors and speech intelligibility rating, while hearing measures include hearing thresholds and tympanometry results for each child.
RESULTS: Out of 118 registered members who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 21 agreed to participate in the study. The overall speech and hearing status of children in this sample were poor. Only four (19%) participants had normal speech intelligibility rating and normal hearing bilaterally. In terms of overall cleft management, only four (19%) participants were seen by a cleft team while seven (33%) had never had their hearing tested prior to this study.
CONCLUSION: Participants in this sample had poor outcomes in speech and hearing and received uncoordinated and fragmented cleft care. This finding calls for further large scale research and collaborative efforts into improving and providing centralised, multidisciplinary care for children born with CLP.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip
Fulltext Ectrodactary, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip-palate syndrome

Choong YY, Norazlina B

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):88-91.
PMID: 11503303

The EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip-palate) is a rare disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait or can occur sporadically. We describe a case of this syndrome with chronic ocular surface disorder secondary to abnormalities of ocular adnexia.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip/complications*
Fulltext Lower lip numbness due to peri-radicular dental infection

Ngeow WC

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Dec;53(4):446-8.
PMID: 10971994

Lower lip numbness has always been a sinister symptom. Much has been written about it being the sole symptom of pathological lesions and metastatic tumours in the mandible. It may also be a symptom of manifestations of certain systemic disorders. A case of lower lip numbness resulting from the compression of the mental nerve by a peri-radicular abscess is presented because of the unusual nature of this spread of infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Lip*; Periapical Abscess/complications*
Fulltext EEC syndrome with urogenital anomalies and compound naevus

Omar I, Jidon AJ

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):364-8.
PMID: 8183155
Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip/therapy*
Oral carcinoma in the Malay male

Ramanathan K, Lakshimi S

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Mar;28(3):143-8.
PMID: 4278210
Matched MeSH terms: Lip Neoplasms/epidemiology
'Pai Syndrome' with anterior alveolar polyp: A variant of a rare clinical entity

Debnath KK, Kanapaty Y, Yong DJ, Chandran S, Bakri A

Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):229-230.
PMID: 31256179

'Pai syndrome' (PS) is a rare congenital syndrome. Presented here, a new-born baby-girl who exhibited the characteristic features of having a midline nasal (septal) polyp, an anterior alveolar process polyp, and a pericallosal lipoma associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis of the brain. Both polyps were lined with stratified-squamous epithelium. The overall features were largely consistent with those described by Pai et al., in 1987. A midline cleft-lip (with or without cleft-alveolus) is one of the most common features of the syndrome which was however absent in this case. Instead, an anterior alveolar polyp is present, which is relatively rare.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip
The impact of cleft lip and palate on the quality of life of young children: A scoping review

Yusof MS, Mohd Ibrahim H

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):250-258.
PMID: 36988538

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) are among the most common congenital abnormalities. The purpose of the present study was to review the literature relating to the quality of life (QoL) in young patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and to identify the specific aspect of QoL in young patients with CL/P that is mostly affected. Other associated variables within studies that may have an impact on QoL were also identified.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were conducted. Independent reviewers screened the title, abstract and full texts according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles published in English from January 2012 to March 2022 reporting the QoL of non-syndromic young patients aged 7-18 years with CL/P were included. Review articles and articles reporting the psychological adjustment of parents or other family members with CL/P were excluded.
RESULTS: 975 publications were identified, of which 20 studies met our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported that the CL/P condition has a negative impact on the QoL. Psychological health, functional well-being, socialemotional well-being and school environment are domains that are affected. Compared with typically developing young patients, those with CL/P had lower QoL scores even though QoL was assessed using different instruments across studies. The impact of CL/P on overall QoL scores varied by age but not gender or cleft type.
CONCLUSION: Our reviews had shown the presence of CL/P negatively affects the QoL of young patients. Psychological health is the most affected QoL domain. Understanding the impacted domain will help in planning and delivering better health care for individuals with CL/P and reducing the stigma commonly associated with CL/P. Future studies should target intervention on psychological health and consider resilience factors towards positive adjustment.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip*
Fulltext Dental anomalies and facial profile abnormality of the non-syndromic cleft lip and palate children in Kelantan

Abd Rahman N, Abdullah N, Samsudin AR, Naing Mohd Ayub Sadiq L

Malays J Med Sci, 2004 Jul;11(2):41-51.
PMID: 22973126

This study was done to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and facial profile abnormality and its association with the non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) as compared to the non-cleft children. A comparative cross sectional study was conducted where the case group consist of 98 non-syndromic CLP children-unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) who attended the Combined Clinic at Kota Bharu Dental Clinic (KBDC) while the comparison group comprised of 109 non-cleft children who attended the outpatient clinic at KBDC. Their ages were between 3 to 12 years old. Clinical oral and facial profile examinations were carried out to look for dental anomalies (morphology, number and alignment of teeth) and facial profile abnormality. The prevalence of anomalies in morphology of teeth in CLP (24.5%) and non-cleft (10.1%), number of teeth in CLP (44.9%) and non-cleft (7.3%), mal-alignment in CLP (79.6%) and non-cleft (27.5%) and facial profile abnormality in CLP (26.5%) and non-cleft (9.1 %). There was a significant association between CLP and anomalies in morphology, number, mal-alignment and abnormality in facial profile; (p < 0.05). Therefore, there was a high prevalence and risk of dental anomalies and facial profile abnormality in the CLP children compared to the non-cleft children.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip
Parameatal Cyst : A report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Sinha RK, Mukherjee S, Mitra N, Saha B, Kumar J

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Nov;22(6):71-73.
PMID: 28223890

Cyst formation in the parameatal area is a relatively rare entity and not many cases have been reported in the literature. Two such cases are reported here. First patient was a 46 year old sexually active male who developed a spherical, cystic swelling of 1 cm in size on right lip of external urethral meatus. The second case was a 4 year old boy who presented with asymptomatic recurrent left parameatal swelling. In both the cases, cysts were completely excised and defects were sutured. Histologically, the cyst walls were lined by tall squamous and columnar epithelium. Good cosmetic results were obtained in these two cases without any recurrence at 2 two months follow up.

Matched MeSH terms: Lip
Fulltext An overview of indices used to measure treatment effectiveness in patients with cleft lip and palate

Haque S, Alam MK, Arshad AI

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Jan-Feb;22(1):4-11.
PMID: 25892945 MyJurnal

In the contemporary era, the demand for orthodontic treatment is ever rising. Orthodontic treatment duration can range from a year to a few years. Our aim is to assess the available techniques of categorising treatment effectiveness in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to study their effect on improvement of treatment outcomes. The electronic databases including Medline-PUBMED, Science Direct, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched from 1987 to 2013, and 40 311 relevant articles were found. Of these, we identified 22 articles including original articles as well as literature reviews. The different parameters and indices that are applied to speed-up orthodontic treatment outcomes in patients with CLP were identified as the GOSLON Yardstick, 5-year-old index, EUROCRAN index, Huddart Bodenham system, modified Huddart Bodenham system, GOAL Yardstick and, Bauru-Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Yardstick. This overview can create better awareness regarding the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of the different indices. It can enable better assessment and provide the impetus needed for a sustained upgrade in the standards of care for CLP in daily orthodontics.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip
Fulltext Common dental anomalies in cleft lip and palate patients

Haque S, Alam MK

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Mar-Apr;22(2):55-60.
PMID: 26023296 MyJurnal

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common orofacial congenital malformation in live births. CLP can occur individually or in combination with other congenital deformities. Affected patients experience a number of dental, aesthetic, speech, hearing, and psychological complications and have a higher incidence of severe dental conditions. The purpose of this study is to characterise the different types of dental anomalies that are frequently associated with CLP patients based on a literature survey.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip
Fulltext Assessment of nutrient intake in cleft lip and palate children after surgical correction

Gopinath VK

Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Oct;20(5):61-6.
PMID: 24643339 MyJurnal

This research aimed to compare the nutrient intake of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with that of normal children (without CLP) in the same age groups. The study was conducted at the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 139 children, of both sexes, from two to six years of age, either with CLP (40 children) or without CLP (99 children), were selected. The CLP and non-CLP children were grouped according to age, which is a key determinant of nutrient intake. Children in subgroup I were between the ages of 2 and 4 years, the group comprising 48 normal children of mean age 39.85 months (SD 7.1), and 20 CLP children of mean age 37.05 months (SD 5.9). Children in subgroup II were those over 4 years and up to 6 years old, and the group comprised 51 normal children, of mean age 64.16 months (SD 7.9), and 20 CLP children of mean age 56.75 months (SD 9.9). A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake in subgroups I and II, using a 24 hours diet recall method. The nutrient intake of CLP children was shown to have no significant differences from that of normal children. A comparison of intake per day with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Malaysian children showed that the consumption of nutrients was inadequate in both the normal and CLP children, in both age sub-groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip
Unusual clinical presentation of a severely protruding premaxilla in patient with bilateral clefts

Burezq H, Bang RL, George A, Mukhtar A

J Craniofac Surg, 2007 Jul;18(4):971-4.
PMID: 17667698

Prominent premaxilla is one of the problems encountered when dealing with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients. Secondary alveolar bone grafting with these patients would achieve filling of the osseous defect, supports the alar base, eliminate the oro-nasal fistula and enhance the maxillary instability. This article describes the management of a bilateral cleft lip and palate patient with an extremely protruding premaxilla done in one stage surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such degree of severity in the English literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip/surgery*
Effects of Multiple Factors on Treatment Outcome in the Three-Dimensional Maxillary Arch Morphometry of Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Haque S, Khamis MF, Alam MK, Ahmad WMAW

J Craniofac Surg, 2020 May 04.
PMID: 32371703 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006464

Studies have claimed that the maxillary arch dimension of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patient is significantly smaller than normal patient. Multiple factors (both congenital and post natal treatment factors) are believed to have an impact on the treatment outcome (maxillary arch retardation) of UCLP patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple factors on the treatment outcome by assessing the maxillary arch dimension of UCLP Children. Eighty-five Malaysian UCLP children were taken who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Laser scanned 3D digital models of UCLP subjects were prepared before any orthodontic treatment and bone grafting at 7.69 ± 2.46 (mean± SD) years of age. Intercanine width (ICW), intermolar width (IMW), and arch depth (AD) measurements of maxillary arch were measured with Mimics software. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between multiple factors (gender, UCLP type, UCLP side, family history of cleft, family history of class III malocclusion, techniques of cheiloplasty, and techniques of palatoplasty) and maxillary arch dimensions (ICW, IMW, and AD). P value was set at 5%. Significant association was found between 2 techniques of cheiloplasty and ICW (P = 0.001) and also between 2 techniques of palatoplasty and ICW (P = 0.046) of maxilla. No significant association observed in IMW and AD in relation to all other factors. Modified Millard techniques of Cheiloplasty and Bardach technique of palatoplasty had unfavorable effect on the treatment outcome by assessing the maxillary arch dimension (ICW) using laser scanned 3D digital models in Malaysian UCLP children.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip; Lip

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