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Light transmission and internal scattering in pulsed laser-etched partially-transparent silicon wafers

Rohaizar MH, Sepeai S, Surhada N, Ludin NA, Ibrahim MA, Sopian K, et al.

Heliyon, 2019 Nov;5(11):e02790.
PMID: 31768436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02790

Continuing trend in silicon wafer thickness directed at cost reduction approaches basic boundaries created by: (a) mismatch between Al paste and Si wafer thermal expansion and (b) incomplete optical absorption. With its symmetrical front and back electrical contacts, the bifacial solar cell setup reduces stress due to mismatch thermal expansion, decreases metal use and increases high temperature efficiency. Efficiency improvement is accomplished in bifacial solar cells by capturing light from the back surface. Partially transparent wafers provide an option to improve near-infrared radiation absorption within Si wafer. To fully absorb optical radiation, three-dimensional texture of these kinds of wafers is essential. Pulsed laser interactions, thermal oxidation, and wet chemical etching are included in this research. A feature of its energy and pattern setup is the interaction of pulsed laser with Si, running at 1.064 μm wavelength and micro-second length. Two experimental settings were explored: (a) post-laser chemical etching with potassium hydro-oxide etching with thermal oxide as etching mask and (b) post-laser heat Si surface oxidation. Due to fast melting and recrystallization, laser pulsed processing inherently produces its own texture. Some of these spherically-shaped, randomly focused characteristics improve inner scattering and boost near-infrared absorption within the wafer. These characteristics are separated during chemical etching with the thermally-grown oxide layer as an etch mask. Comparison of optical absorption in both surfaces shows almost a rise in the magnitude of absorption in non-etched surfaces. Detailed optical (optical microscope and IR absorption), morphological (field emission scanning electron microscope) and heat imaging (far IR camera) analyses were performed to comprehend physical processes that contribute to near-IR absorption improvement. Such kinds of partially-transparent, three-dimensional textured Si wafers are anticipated to discover applications for bifacial solar cells as substrates.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Randomized clinical trial comparing helmet continuous positive airway pressure (hCPAP) to facemask continuous positive airway pressure (fCPAP) for the treatment of acute respiratory failure in the emergency department

Adi O, Via G, Salleh SH, Chuan TW, Rahman JA, Muhammad NAN, et al.

Am J Emerg Med, 2021 Nov;49:385-392.
PMID: 34271286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.031

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether non-invasive ventilation (NIV) delivered by helmet continuous positive airway pressure (hCPAP) is non-inferior to facemask continuous positive airway pressure (fCPAP) in patients with acute respiratory failure in the emergency department (ED).
METHODS: Non-inferiority randomized, clinical trial involving patients presenting with acute respiratory failure conducted in the ED of a local hospital. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either hCPAP or fCPAP as per the trial protocol. The primary endpoint was respiratory rate reduction. Secondary endpoints included discomfort, improvement in Dyspnea and Likert scales, heart rate reduction, arterial blood oxygenation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), dryness of mucosa and intubation rate.
RESULTS: 224 patients were included and randomized (113 patients to hCPAP, 111 to fCPAP). Both techniques reduced respiratory rate (hCPAP: from 33.56 ± 3.07 to 25.43 ± 3.11 bpm and fCPAP: from 33.46 ± 3.35 to 27.01 ± 3.19 bpm), heart rate (hCPAP: from 114.76 ± 15.5 to 96.17 ± 16.50 bpm and fCPAP: from 115.07 ± 14.13 to 101.19 ± 16.92 bpm), and improved dyspnea measured by both the Visual Analogue Scale (hCPAP: from 16.36 ± 12.13 to 83.72 ± 12.91 and fCPAP: from 16.01 ± 11.76 to 76.62 ± 13.91) and the Likert scale. Both CPAP techniques improved arterial oxygenation (PaO2 from 67.72 ± 8.06 mmHg to 166.38 ± 30.17 mmHg in hCPAP and 68.99 ± 7.68 mmHg to 184.49 ± 36.38 mmHg in fCPAP) and the PaO2:FiO2 (Partial pressure of arterial oxygen: Fraction of inspired oxygen) ratio from 113.6 ± 13.4 to 273.4 ± 49.5 in hCPAP and 115.0 ± 12.9 to 307.7 ± 60.9 in fCPAP. The intubation rate was lower with hCPAP (4.4% for hCPAP versus 18% for fCPAP, absolute difference -13.6%, p = 0.003). Discomfort and dryness of mucosa were also lower with hCPAP.
CONCLUSION: In patients presenting to the ED with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema or decompensated COPD, hCPAP was non-inferior to fCPAP and resulted in greater comfort levels and lower intubation rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks/standards*; Masks/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Pathological findings in a mouse model of Japanese encephalitis infected via the footpad

Fu, Tzeh Long, Ong, Kien Chai, Wong, Kum Thong

Neurology Asia, 2015;20(4):349-354.
MyJurnal

We have developed and characterised a mouse model of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection via
footpad inoculation in order to better mimic viral transmission by mosquito bites. Two-week-old and
5-week-old mice consistently developed signs of infection such as ruffled fur, weight loss, hunchback
posture, tremors, mask-like facies and occasionally, hindlimb paralysis at 4 days post infection (dpi)
and 11-13 dpi, respectively. Most of the animals died within 24 to 48 hours following the onset of signs
of infection, with mortalities of 100% and 33.3% in 2-week-old and 5-week-old mice, respectively.
Mild meningitis and variable parenchymal inflammation with formation of microglial nodules, focal
necrosis and neuronophagia, and perivascular cuffing by inflammatory cells were observed in the
caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Viral antigens/RNA
were demonstrated by immunohistochemisty and in situ hybridization, respectively, in most of these
areas as well as in the hippocampus and cerebellum, albeit more focally. The pathological findings in
this mouse model were generally similar to human Japanese encephalitis (JE) and other established JE
models but perhaps, compared to other JEV mouse models, it demonstrates lethal encephalitic infection
more consistently. We believe that our mouse model should be useful to study the pathogenesis of JE,
and for testing anti-viral drugs and vaccines

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Fulltext The role of inversion and face masks on simultaneous and delayed face matching tasks

Estudillo AJ, Wong HK

PLoS One, 2024;19(1):e0295407.
PMID: 38166082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295407

Although it is generally accepted that face recognition relies on holistic processing, it has been suggested that the simultaneous face matching task may depend on a more analytical or featural processing approach. However, empirical evidence supporting this claim is limited. In two experiments, we further explored the role of holistic and featural processing on simultaneous face matching by manipulating holistic processing through inversion and presenting faces with or without face masks. The results from Experiment 1 revealed that both inversion and face masks impaired matching performance. However, while the inversion effect was evident in both full-view and masked faces, the mask effect was only found in upright, but not inverted, faces. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 but, the inversion and mask effects were stronger in delayed face matching than in simultaneous face matching. Our findings suggest that simultaneous face matching relies on holistic processing, but to a smaller extent compared to higher memory-demanding identification tasks.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks*
Fulltext Brain laryngeal mask--study in 50 spontaneously breathing patients

Reddy SV, Win N

Singapore Med J, 1990 Aug;31(4):338-40.
PMID: 2255930

Brain laryngeal mask (BLM) was used to assess its suitability in 50 spontaneously breathing patients by one lecturer and 4 Medical Officers. Insertion of the laryngeal mask was successful at the first attempt in 42 patients, second attempt in 7 and third attempt in one. The incidence of airway obstruction secondary to downfolding of the epiglottis, which was corrected by reinsertion, was 16%. Post-operative complications included clenching of teeth in 5 patients, vomiting in 2 and excessive salivation in 3. The incidence of sore throat was 10%.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Fulltext The 50% and 95% effective doses of desflurane for removal of the classic laryngeal mask airway in spontaneously breathing anaesthetised adults

Hui MT, Subash S, Wang CY

Anaesthesia, 2011 Apr;66(4):274-7.
PMID: 21401540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06620.x

The 50% and 95% effective doses of desflurane for removal of the classic laryngeal mask airway after suction of the upper airway, in anaesthetised spontaneously breathing adult patients, are not known. To determine these, we studied 38 healthy patients, aged between 18 and 44 years. The target desflurane concentration in each individual patient was determined by the Dixon up-and-down method. When the predetermined target end-tidal desflurane concentration reached steady state, we kept a constant end-expiratory partial pressure between the alveolus and the brain for 10 min before attempting to remove the classic laryngeal mask airway after suctioning the upper airway. The initial desflurane target concentration was set at 6% and up-down desflurane increments were 0.1%. This continued until there were at least six crossover pairs. From the probit analysis, the 50% effective dose of desflurane was 5.29% (95% CI 5.132-5.379%) and the 95% effective dose was 5.55% (95% CI 5.429-6.394%).

Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Masks*
Randomised comparison of the LMA Supreme with the I-Gel in spontaneously breathing anaesthetised adult patients

Chew EE, Hashim NH, Wang CY

Anaesth Intensive Care, 2010 Nov;38(6):1018-22.
PMID: 21226431

We compared the performance of the LMA Supreme (SLMA) with the I-Gel during anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing adult patients. Ninety patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were studied in a prospective randomised controlled study. Our primary outcome measure was oropharyngeal leak pressure. We also compared the overall insertion success rate, ease of insertion, adequacy of ventilation and incidence of complications. The mean (SD), oropharyngeal leak pressure for the SLMA was 25.6 (5.1) cmH2O, which was greater than for the I-Gel 20.7 (5.9) cmH2O (P = 0.0001). The first attempt and overall insertion success rates were similar between the two groups (SLMA 97.8 and 97.8%; I-Gel 93.3 and 100%, P = 0.132). The SLMA was rated easier to insert than the I-Gel (P = 0.011), but the time taken for insertion (P = 0.433) was similar. The incidence of complications was low in both groups. The grade of fibreoptic view was better with the I-Gel than the SLMA (P = 0.001). We conclude that in adults with normal airways, the SLMA is easier to insert and provides a higher oropharyngeal leak pressure, but fibreoptic views are better with the i-gel.

Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Masks*
Fentanyl dose for the insertion of Classic Laryngeal Mask Airways in non-paralysed patients induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg

Tan AS, Wang CY

Anaesth Intensive Care, 2010 Jan;38(1):65-9.
PMID: 20191779

The aim of this randomised, controlled trial was to determine the optimum dose of fentanyl in combination with propofol 2.5 mg x kg(-1) when inserting the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway. Seventy-five ASA I or II patients were randomly assigned to five groups of fentanyl dosage: 0 microg x kg(-1) (placebo), 0.5 microg x kg(-1), 1.0 microg x kg(-1), 1.5 microg x kg(-1) and 2.0 microg x kg(-1). Anaesthesia was induced by first injecting the study drug over 10 seconds. Three minutes after the study drug was injected, propofol (2.5 mg x kg(-1)) was injected over 10 seconds. The Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway was inserted four minutes and 30 seconds after injection of the study drug. Insertion conditions were evaluated using a four-category score. Thirty-nine males and 36 females aged 19 to 59 years were studied. The incidence of prolonged apnoea increased as fentanyl dose increased. We found that there was a high rate of successful first attempt at insertion with 1 microg x kg(-1) and 1.5 microg x kg(-1), 93% and 87% respectively, compared to 87% in the 2.0 microg x kg(-1) group. The 1.0 microg x kg(-1) group also achieved an 80% optimal insertion conditions score of 4, compared to 73% in the 1.5 microg x kg(-1) group and 80% in the 2 microg x kg(-1) group. Therefore we recommend 1.0 microg x kg(-1) as the optimal dose of fentanyl when used in addition to propofol 2.5 mg/kg for the insertion of the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway.

Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Masks*
Randomised crossover comparison of the Ambu AuraOnce Laryngeal Mask with the LMA Classic laryngeal mask airway in paralysed anaesthetised patients

Shariffuddin II, Wang CY

Anaesthesia, 2008 Jan;63(1):82-5.
PMID: 18086075

We compared the performance of the Ambu AuraOnce Laryngeal Mask with that of the LMA Classic laryngeal mask airway during controlled anaesthesia. Forty patients requiring intermittent positive pressure ventilation were studied using a randomised crossover design. The mean (SD) oropharyngeal leak pressure for the Ambu device (19 (7.5) cmH2O) was significantly greater than for the LMA Classic (15 (5.2) cmH2O; p = 0.004), and the number of attempts for successful insertions was significantly less (39 (50%) vs 45 (56%), respectively; p = 0.02). There was one failure to obtain a patent airway with the Ambu Laryngeal Mask and none with the LMA Classic. Insertion of the Ambu Laryngeal Mask required more manipulations to achieve a patent airway than did the LMA Classic (6 (15%) vs 1 (2.5%), respectively; p = 0.045), but the time taken for insertion was similar between the two groups. The incidence of trauma, grade of fibreoptic view, peak airway pressure and quality of ventilation during maintenance of anaesthesia were similar in both groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Masks*
Fulltext Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy after the use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Protector

Tham LY, Beh ZY, Shariffuddin II, Wang CY

Korean J Anesthesiol, 2019 12;72(6):606-609.
PMID: 31304693 DOI: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00354

BACKGROUND: The laryngeal mask airway (LMAⓇ) ProtectorTM (Teleflex Medical Co., Ireland) is the latest innovation in the second generation of LMA devices. One distinguishing feature of this device is its integrated, color-coded cuff pressure indicator (Cuff PilotTM technology) which enables continuous cuff pressure monitoring and allows adjustments when necessary; this ensures patient safety due to better monitoring.
CASE: We report a case of postoperative unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy after uncomplicated use of the LMA Protector. To the best of our knowledge, this could be the second reported case.
CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that anesthetists need to routinely measure cuff pressure and that the Cuff PilotTM technology is not a panacea for potential cranial nerve injury after airway manipulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Masks/adverse effects*
A pilot study on the efficacy of nasal rinsing during ablution in reducing acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) among male Hajj pilgrims

Ramli RR, Mohamad I, Ab Wahab MS, Naing NN, Wan Din WS

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Aug;13(4):364-369.
PMID: 31435348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.04.004

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nasal rinsing during ablution in reducing acute respiratory tract infection among male Hajj pilgrims.
Methods: A quasi-experimental trial study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of nasal rinsing between two groups. The intervention group was instructed to perform nasal rinsing during ablution, while the control group was not asked to do nasal rinsing. Both groups were provided progress diaries to record the symptoms of respiratory tract infection, including cough, rhinorrhoea, nasal blockage, fever, and sore throat, as well as thick phlegm, shortness of breath, epistaxis, and changes in sense of smell. The groups were also instructed to record any visits to clinics for their symptoms throughout their stay in Makkah for the Hajj ritual.
Results: The study showed that nasal rinsing significantly reduced the symptoms of cough, rhinorrhoea, and nasal blockage. The intervention group had an increased number of visits to healthcare facilities for treatment, when compared to those of the control group. There were no significant differences in the groups regarding the symptoms of fever and sore throat.
Conclusion: Nasal rinsing can be included as part of intervention methods that include vaccination and the use of a face mask. Nasal rinsing can be easily practiced by the pilgrims, since it is a Sunnah act in ablution, which is an integral element of Muslims' daily life.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Fulltext Prerequisite for COVID-19 Prediction: A Review on Factors Affecting the Infection Rate

Tang SGH, Hadi MHH, Arsad SR, Ker PJ, Ramanathan S, Afandi NAM, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Oct 11;19(20).
PMID: 36293576 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012997

Since the year 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as the dominant topic of discussion in the public and research domains. Intensive research has been carried out on several aspects of COVID-19, including vaccines, its transmission mechanism, detection of COVID-19 infection, and its infection rate and factors. The awareness of the public related to the COVID-19 infection factors enables the public to adhere to the standard operating procedures, while a full elucidation on the correlation of different factors to the infection rate facilitates effective measures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection by policy makers and enforcers. Hence, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive and analytical review of different factors affecting the COVID-19 infection rate. Furthermore, this review analyses factors which directly and indirectly affect the COVID-19 infection risk, such as physical distance, ventilation, face masks, meteorological factor, socioeconomic factor, vaccination, host factor, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the availability of COVID-19 testing. Critical analysis was performed for the different factors by providing quantitative and qualitative studies. Lastly, the challenges of correlating each infection risk factor to the predicted risk of COVID-19 infection are discussed, and recommendations for further research works and interventions are outlined.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Fulltext Clinical performance of the LMA Protector™ airway in moderately obese patients

Shariffuddin II, Chaw SH, Ng LW, Lim CH, Zainal Abidin MF, Wan Zakaria WA, et al.

BMC Anesthesiol, 2020 07 31;20(1):184.
PMID: 32736516 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01100-z

BACKGROUND: The 4th National Audit Project of The Royal College of Anaesthetists and The Difficult Airway Society (NAP4) reported a higher incidence of supraglottic airway device (SAD) related pulmonary aspiration in obese patients especially with the first-generation SADs. The latest single-use SAD, the Protector™ provides a functional separation of the respiratory and digestive tracts and its laryngeal cuff with two ports allowing additional suction in tandem with the insertion of a gastric tube. The laryngeal cuff of LMA Protector™ allows a large catchment reservoir in the event of gastric content aspiration.
METHODS: We evaluated the performance characteristics of the LMA Protector™ in 30 unparalysed, moderately obese patients. First attempt insertion rate, time for insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), and incidence of complications were recorded.
RESULTS: We found high first and second attempt insertion rates of 28(93%) and 1(33%) respectively, with one failed attempt where no capnography trace could be detected, presumably from a downfolded device tip. The LMA Protector™ was inserted rapidly in 21.0(4.0) seconds and demonstrated high OLP of 31.8(5.4) cmH2O. Fibreoptic assessment showed a clear view of vocal cords in 93%. The incidence of blood staining on removal of device was 48%, postoperative sore throat 27%, dysphagia 10% and dysphonia 20% (all self-limiting, resolving a few hours postoperatively).
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the LMA Protector™ was associated with easy, expedient first attempt insertion success, demonstrating high oropharyngeal pressures and good anatomical position in the moderately obese population, with relatively low postoperative airway morbidity.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617001152314 . Registered 7 August 2017.

Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Masks*
Fulltext Eye-masks and earplugs compared to headband in nulliparas on increasing spontaneous vaginal delivery: a randomized trial

Hong JGS, Vimaladevi A, Razif NA, Omar SZ, Tan PC

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023 May 24;23(1):378.
PMID: 37226087 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05685-4

BACKGROUND: A majority of pregnant women experience sleep disruption during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Lack of sleep is associated with preterm birth, prolonged labor and higher cesarean section rate. Six or less hours of night sleep in the last month of pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of caesarean births. Eye-masks and earplugs compared to headband improve night sleep by 30 or more minutes. We sought to evaluate eye-mask and earplugs compared to sham/placebo headbands on spontaneous vaginal delivery.
METHODS: This randomized trial was conducted from December 2019-June 2020. 234 nulliparas, 34-36 weeks' gestation with self-reported night sleep

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

Zainuddin Z, Shaker AAH

Family Physician, 2005;13(3):2-4.
MyJurnal

Thyroid diseases are common in women, including at the time of pregnancies. Many typical features of hyperthyroidism are common in normal pregnancies and this may delay or mask the diagnosis. Uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis increases the rate of miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature labour and perinatal mortality. Multi-disciplinary efforts are required to achieve optimal control of thyrotoxicosis. Anti-thyroid drugs are safe and should be used with the lowest possible doses. Radioiodine treatment is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Indications of surgery include: compression symptoms, thyroid malignancy, non-compliance to medications or when the patient develop drugs side effects

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Fulltext Knowledge and practice of medical students of the usage of personal protective equipment: a comparison of two cohorts of students at the International Medical University

Thiruselvi Subramaniam, Rosalind Chi Neo Loo

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2015;9(2):25-31.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Standard precautions in health care is the essence of medical practice encompassing the safety of patients and health care workers including medical students. Barriers to the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) exist across the world but identification of areas of weaknesses and appropriate remedies will reduce them. This study assesses knowledge and use of PPE among fourth year students after a period of educational interventions.
Objective: To evaluate appropriate use, awareness and knowledge about PPE among fourth year students after interventions.
Method: A cross- sectional study where forty year 4 students (Group B) were randomly observed and later asked to answer a questionnaire. Students had undergone interventions to improve PPE use, which included lectures and video sessions during each posting. Results were compared with a previous group (Group A). Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse the data.
Results: There was statistically significant improvement in the use of PPE like wearing and removing mask during invasive procedures (p < 0.001) and hand-washing before and after a non- invasive task (p < 0.001) . Comparison of Groups A and B on the results of the questionnaire for ‘Questions in which more than 10% students answered incorrectly’, showed that there was improvement in Group B in all the questions, some being statistically significant with p value=0.01.
Conclusion: An overall improvement in the use of the PPE and knowledge was noted. Sometimes, students’ attitude and personality may be a challenge and these students may defy changes, but this can be overcome if the strategies are embedded in the curriculum and taught from as early as the first semester.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is the dominant route of transmission: droplets and aerosols

Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Al-Malkey M, Alsubki R, Ezzikouri S, Al-Hababi FH, et al.

Infez Med, 2021 03 01;29(1):10-19.
PMID: 33664169

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. On a daily basis the number of deaths associated with COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. The main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 is through the air (airborne transmission). This review details the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the aerodynamics, and different modes of transmission (e.g. droplets, droplet nuclei, and aerosol particles). SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by an infected person during activities such as expiration, coughing, sneezing, and talking. During such activities and some medical procedures, aerosols and droplets contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 particles are formed. Depending on their sizes and the environmental conditions, such particles stay viable in the air for varying time periods and can cause infection in a susceptible host. Very few studies have been conducted to establish the mechanism or the aerodynamics of virus-loaded particles and droplets in causing infection. In this review we discuss the various forms in which SARS-CoV-2 virus particles can be transmitted in air and cause infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks
Fulltext Controlled ventilation with Brain laryngeal mask

Miranda AF, Reddy VG

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):65-9.
PMID: 2152071

A Brain laryngeal mask was assessed in fifty patients undergoing general anaesthesia who required controlled ventilation. The mask was inserted in all patients without any difficulty and the satisfactory seal obtained enabled ventilation in all patients in a wide range of positions. Airway obstruction occurred in seven patients secondary to downfolding of the epiglottis and this was rectified by reinsertion. The incidence of sore throat was 10%. The Brain laryngeal mask is a safe alternative to the tracheal tube for controlled ventilation during general anaesthesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks*
Fulltext Compliance of the Gulf Cooperation Council airlines with COVID-19 mitigation measures

Alshahrani NZ, Alshahrani SM, Alshahrani AM, Leggat PA, Rashid H

J Travel Med, 2021 02 23;28(2).
PMID: 33146380 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa205
Matched MeSH terms: Masks/statistics & numerical data
How do surgeons weather the storm of COVID-19 pandemic?

Voon K, Premnath N

Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):762-763.
PMID: 33219197

COVID-19 has infected more than 10 million people worldwide and it has become one of the biggest challenges in the modern medical history. Wearing of face masks, social distancing, effective hand hygiene and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment are important in flattening the curve of the pandemic. The role of the surgeons in this battle against COVID-19 include curbing the spread of the disease, to protect and preserve the surgical workforce and to ensure the continuance of essential surgical services. We report our experience in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary surgical centre in the Penang General Hospital in Northern Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Masks/supply & distribution*

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