Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 72 in total

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  1. Basilar invagination: A mimicker of bulbar-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    Tan JSH, Lee S, Hiew FL
    eNeurologicalSci, 2021 Mar;22:100321.
    PMID: 33553704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100321
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive onset motor deficits with heterogenous presentations ranging from dysarthria to foot drop. Approximately 20% of the patients present with focal bulbar symptoms, in which some may remain restricted to bulbar region (isolated bulbar palsy), and the remaining eventually spreads to involve other body regions (classical ALS). Without accompanying upper and lower motor neurons signs elsewhere, differential diagnoses for isolated bulbar symptoms are extensive, include ALS variants as well as potentially treatable mimics. Therefore, it is important to take heed on every possible aetiology that may disrupt the hypoglossal nucleus, nerve, or lingual muscle itself. Herein, we illustrated a rare presentation of Group A basilar invagination, which mimicked bulbar-onset ALS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue
  2. Upregulation of SOX-2, FZD9, Nestin, OCT-4 and FGF-4 expression in human chorion derived-stem cells after angiogenic induction
    Abdul Rahman H, Manzor NF, Tan GC, Tan AE, Chua KH
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:57-8.
    PMID: 19024982
    Angiogenic induction was made to promote angiogenesis by differentiating stem cells towards endothelial cells. However, the stemness property of induced cells has not been revealed yet. Hence, we aim to evaluate the differential mRNA expression of stemness genes in human chorion-derived stem cells (CDSC) after being cultured in EDM50 comprised bFGF and VEGF. Results indicated that CDSC cultured in EMD50 expressed significantly higher mRNA level of Sox-2, FZD9, BST-1 and Nestin. In addition Oct-4, FGF-4 and ABCG-2 were also upregulated. Our finding suggested that CDSC after angiogenic induction enhanced its stem cell properties. This could be contributed for the mechanism of stem cell therapy in ischemic problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*
  3. Fulltext Analysis of the survival motor neuron and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein genes in Malay patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
    Zilfalil BA, Zabidi-Hussin AMH, Watihayati MS, Rozainah MY, Naing L, Sutomo R, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):512-4.
    PMID: 15779584 MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is diagnosed based on clinical observation with or without muscle biopsy. Molecular analyses of the SMA-related genes have not been available so far. In this preliminary study, we searched for homozygous deletion of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN1) and Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP) genes in Malay patients with SMA and found homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7 and 8 in all the patients while homozygous deletion of NAIP exon 5 was detected in only our type 1 patients but not in the type 3 patient. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first SMA cases diagnosed at the molecular level in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*
  4. Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in chronic diabetic wound - A randomised trial
    Nik Hisamuddin NAR, Wan Mohd Zahiruddin WN, Mohd Yazid B, Rahmah S
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Oct;74(5):418-424.
    PMID: 31649219
    INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) towards diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients in addition to the standard wound care management.

    METHODS: Fifty-eight diabetic patients with ulcers at Wagner Grade 2 and above involved in this study after presented at two study centres of tertiary teaching hospitals. The assigned patients received conventional wound care with additional HBOT given at 2.4 ATA for 90 minutes. Patients in the control group who received conventional wound care only were treated and observed for 30 days. The progress of wound healing was observed and measured at day 0, 10, 20 and 30 of study. The data collected were analysed using SPSS software (ver. 22) to study the association of HBOT towards healing of the diabetic foot ulcers.

    RESULTS: Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis with Greenhouse-Geisser correction indicated that the means of wound size over time points (Day 0, 10, 20 and 30) among patients under HBOT group were statistically significantly different [F(1,61)=30.86, p<0.001)] compared to conventional therapy group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that HBOT group has nearly 44 times higher odds to achieve at least 30% wound size reduction within the study period (95%CI: 7.18, 268.97, p<0.001).

    CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study indicated that as an adjunctive therapy to conventional wound care, HBOT affected the rate of healing in diabetic foot ulcers significantly in terms of wound size reduction when compared to administering the conventional wound care alone.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  5. NAIP-deletion analysis in Malaysian patients with spinal muscular atrophy
    Watihayati MS, M S W, Zabidi AM, A M H ZH, Tang TH, T H T, et al.
    Kobe J Med Sci, 2007;53(4):171-5.
    PMID: 17932457
    Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease, which is characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. SMA is classified into 3 clinical subtypes, type I (severe), type II (intermediate), and type III (mild). Two genes, SMN1 and NAIP, have been identified as SMA-related genes. The SMN1 gene is now recognized as a responsible gene for the disease because it is deleted or mutated in most SMA patients. However, the role of the NAIP gene in SMA has not been fully clarified. To clarify the contribution of NAIP to the disease severity of SMA, we studied the relationship between NAIP-deletion and clinical phenotype in Malaysian patients. A total of 39 patients lacking SMN1 (12 type I, 19 type II, and 8 type III patients) were enrolled into this study. Seven out of 12 patients with type I SMA (approximately 60%) showed NAIP deletion. On the contrary, only 2 out of 20 type II patients and none of type III patients showed NAIP deletion. There was a statistically significant difference in NAIP-deletion frequency among the clinical subtypes (Fisher's exact probability test, p value = 0.014). In conclusion, according to our data that NAIP deletion was more frequent in type I SMA than in type II-III SMA, the NAIP gene may be a modifying factor for disease severity of SMA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
  6. Oestradiol effects on neuroendocrine responses induced by water deprivation in rats
    Vilhena-Franco T, Mecawi AS, Elias LL, Antunes-Rodrigues J
    J Endocrinol, 2016 Nov;231(2):167-180.
    PMID: 27613338
    Water deprivation (WD) induces changes in plasma volume and osmolality, which in turn activate several responses, including thirst, the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) secretion. These systems seem to be influenced by oestradiol, as evidenced by the expression of its receptor in brain areas that control fluid balance. Thus, we investigated the effects of oestradiol treatment on behavioural and neuroendocrine changes of ovariectomized rats in response to WD. We observed that in response to WD, oestradiol treatment attenuated water intake, plasma osmolality and haematocrit but did not change urinary volume or osmolality. Moreover, oestradiol potentiated WD-induced AVP secretion, but did not alter the plasma OT or angiotensin II (Ang II) concentrations. Immunohistochemical data showed that oestradiol potentiated vasopressinergic neuronal activation in the lateral magnocellular PVN (PaLM) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei but did not induce further changes in Fos expression in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) or subfornical organ (SFO) or in oxytocinergic neuronal activation in the SON and PVN of WD rats. Regarding mRNA expression, oestradiol increased OT mRNA expression in the SON and PVN under basal conditions and after WD, but did not induce additional changes in the mRNA expression for AVP in the SON or PVN. It also did not affect the mRNA expression of RAS components in the PVN. In conclusion, our results show that oestradiol acts mainly on the vasopressinergic system in response to WD, potentiating vasopressinergic neuronal activation and AVP secretion without altering AVP mRNA expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism; Nerve Tissue Proteins/secretion
  7. C-terminal splice variants of P/Q-type Ca2+ channel CaV2.1 α1 subunits are differentially regulated by Rab3-interacting molecule proteins
    Hirano M, Takada Y, Wong CF, Yamaguchi K, Kotani H, Kurokawa T, et al.
    J Biol Chem, 2017 06 02;292(22):9365-9381.
    PMID: 28377503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.778829
    Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) mediate neurotransmitter release controlled by presynaptic proteins such as the scaffolding proteins Rab3-interacting molecules (RIMs). RIMs confer sustained activity and anchoring of synaptic vesicles to the VDCCs. Multiple sites on the VDCC α1 and β subunits have been reported to mediate the RIMs-VDCC interaction, but their significance is unclear. Because alternative splicing of exons 44 and 47 in the P/Q-type VDCC α1 subunit CaV2.1 gene generates major variants of the CaV2.1 C-terminal region, known for associating with presynaptic proteins, we focused here on the protein regions encoded by these two exons. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the C-terminal domain (CTD) encoded by CaV2.1 exons 40-47 interacts with the α-RIMs, RIM1α and RIM2α, and this interaction was abolished by alternative splicing that deletes the protein regions encoded by exons 44 and 47. Electrophysiological characterization of VDCC currents revealed that the suppressive effect of RIM2α on voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) was stronger than that of RIM1α for the CaV2.1 variant containing the region encoded by exons 44 and 47. Importantly, in the CaV2.1 variant in which exons 44 and 47 were deleted, strong RIM2α-mediated VDI suppression was attenuated to a level comparable with that of RIM1α-mediated VDI suppression, which was unaffected by the exclusion of exons 44 and 47. Studies of deletion mutants of the exon 47 region identified 17 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side of a polyglutamine stretch as being essential for the potentiated VDI suppression characteristic of RIM2α. These results suggest that the interactions of the CaV2.1 CTD with RIMs enable CaV2.1 proteins to distinguish α-RIM isoforms in VDI suppression of P/Q-type VDCC currents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism*
  8. Fulltext Assessing SABU (Serum Anti Bisa Ular), the sole Indonesian antivenom: A proteomic analysis and neutralization efficacy study
    Tan CH, Liew JL, Tan KY, Tan NH
    Sci Rep, 2016 11 21;6:37299.
    PMID: 27869134 DOI: 10.1038/srep37299
    Serum Anti Ular Bisa (SABU) is the only snake antivenom produced locally in Indonesia; however, its effectiveness has not been rigorously evaluated. This study aimed to assess the protein composition and neutralization efficacy of SABU. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion liquid chromatography and shotgun proteomics revealed that SABU consists of F(ab')2 but a significant amount of dimers, protein aggregates and contaminant albumins. SABU moderately neutralized Calloselasma rhodostoma venom (potency of 12.7 mg venom neutralized per ml antivenom, or 121.8 mg venom per g antivenom protein) and Bungarus fasciatus venom (0.9 mg/ml; 8.5 mg/g) but it was weak against the venoms of Naja sputatrix (0.3 mg/ml; 2.9 mg/g), Naja sumatrana (0.2 mg/ml; 1.8 mg/g) and Bungarus candidus (0.1 mg/ml; 1.0 mg/g). In comparison, NPAV, the Thai Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom, outperformed SABU with greater potencies against the venoms of N. sputatrix (0.6 mg/ml; 8.3 mg/g), N. sumatrana (0.5 mg/ml; 7.1 mg/g) and B. candidus (1.7 mg/ml; 23.2 mg/g). The inferior efficacy of SABU implies that a large antivenom dose is required clinically for effective treatment. Besides, the antivenom contains numerous impurities e.g., albumins that greatly increase the risk of hypersensitivity. Together, the findings indicate that the production of SABU warrants further improvement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  9. Salvinia molesta dan pistia stratiotes sebagai agen fitoremediasi dalam rawatan air sisa kumbahan
    Marlia M. Hanafiah, Nan Hamiza Syazira Megat Mohamad, Nur Izzah Hamna Abd. Aziz
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1625-1634.
    Akumulasi logam berat dan bahan pencemar ke dalam ekosistem akuatik memberi impak negatif kepada alam sekitar dan organisma akuatik. Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes merupakan spesies yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang cepat dan berkemampuan dalam mengakumulasi logam berat dan menyerap nutrien menjadikan ia sesuai digunakan untuk merawat air sisa melalui kaedah bioteknologi iaitu fitoremediasi. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kualiti air sisa kumbahan sebelum dan selepas rawatan menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi. Selain itu, objektif kajian ini juga adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai agen fitoremediasi bagi rawatan air sisa. Sampel tumbuhan akuatik berbeza berat iaitu 10, 20 dan 30 g diuji untuk rawatan tersebut. Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan perbezaan kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen yang bererti (p<0.05) bagi 10, 20 dan 30 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sepanjang kajian dijalankan iaitu daripada hari 0 sehingga hari ke-7. Keputusan kajian juga menunjukkan 30 dan 20 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta dapat menyingkirkan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen dengan lebih cepat berbanding berat tumbuhan 10 g. Ujian ANOVA satu hala juga tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti bagi kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen antara Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  10. Variasi profil 210Po dan 210Pb dalam teras sedimen di pesisir pantai perairan Sarawak
    Zal U’yun Wan Mahmood, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Zaharudin Ahmad, Abdul Kadir Ishak
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.
    Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat variasi taburan 210Po dan 210Pb melalui profil menegak aktivitinya, serta nisbah aktiviti 210Po/210Pb di dalam teras sedimen yang diambil di beberapa stesen persampelan pesisir pantai perairan Sarawak. Didapati profil taburan radionuklid tersebut dalam teras sedimen adalah berubah-ubah mengikut lokasi persampelan dan telah dibuktikan melalui analisis ANOVA yang menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan bererti pada 95% aras keyakinan bagi aktiviti 210Po (p = 0.000), 210Pb (p = 0.035) dan 210Po/210Pb (p = 0.000) di semua lokasi kajian. Secara umumnya, aktiviti 210Po dan 210Pb yang diukur masing-masing dalam julat 337 ke 2460 Bq/kg, 11 ke 84 Bq/kg di SR 01; 224 ke 2008 Bq/kg, 6 ke 80 Bq/kg di SR 02; 119 ke 1595 Bq/kg, 6 ke 84 Bq/kg di SR 03; 241 ke 2294 Bq/kg, 5 ke 82 Bq/kg di SR 04 dan 175 ke 1340 Bq/kg, 4 ke 44 Bq/kg di SR 05. Merujuk kepada julat tersebut, didapati aktiviti 210Po adalah lebih tinggi daripada aktiviti 210Pb dengan purata nisbah 210Po/210Pb di semua stesen adalah melebihi satu, iaitu dalam julat 20 ke 35. Variasi profil taburan radionuklid tersebut dipercayai dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor sekitaran dan telah dibuktikan terdapat korelasi yang kuat di antara taburan radionuklid dengan komposisi sedimen jenis kelodak (210Po:r = 0.701 dan 210Pb: r = 0.648), kedalaman air (210Po: r = -0.647) dan jarak stesen dari daratan (210Po: r = 0.746 dan 210Pb: r = 0.975). Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa faktor-faktor tersebut merupakan penyumbang utama ke atas perubahan yang berlaku kepada taburan 210Po dan 210Pb.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  11. Skor pengukuran kebergunaan perisian kursus matematik berdasarkan faktor penilai
    Noraidah Sahari @ Ashaari, Hairulliza Mohd Judi, Abdul Azim Abdul Ghani, Mohd Hasan Selamat, Aida Suraya Md Yunus
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bukti kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan metrik pengukuran kebergunaan perisian kursus matematik secara psikometrik dan seterusnya membentuk rumus skor kebergunaan. Kertas ini membincangkan pembentukan rumus kebergunaan. Berdasarkan pandangan secara teori, satu model hipotesis kebergunaan dengan tiga faktor iaitu kebolehgunaan, kefungsian dan kecekapan dan 85 metrik dicadangkan. Melalui pengesahan pakar dan ujian kebolehpercayaan metrik kebergunaan dikurangkan kepada 64. Instrumen dengan 64 metrik ditadbir ke atas 620 guru matematik di lima zon di Malaysia. Mereka diminta melayari perisian kursus matematik (PKM) sambil melengkapkan instrumen. Analisis faktor penjelajahan dilakukan untuk mengesahkan konstruk kebergunaan manakala analisis faktor pengesahan dijalankan untuk membentuk model berstruktur dengan memadankan 34 metrik dengan model hipotesis. Ujian-t dan ujian ANOVA mendapati tiga pembolehubah iaitu, bidang pengkhususan guru, pengalaman menggunakan komputer dan ralat penilaian menyumbang kepada skor kebergunaan. Dapatan ini digunakan untuk membentuk rumus kebergunaan PKM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  12. Gravity investigation of the Bukit Bunuh impact crater at Lenggong, Perak, Malaysia
    Abdul Rahim Samsudin, Abdul Rahim Harun, Mohd Hariri Arifin, Umar Hamzah, Mokhtar Saidin, M. Shyeh Sahibul Karamah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1629-1634.
    An archeological study, conducted by the Archaeological Global Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia shows the evidence of shock metamorphisms (suevite breccia) and crater morphology at Bukit Bunuh in Lenggong area of north Perak, Malaysia. A regional gravity survey focusing at Bukit Bunuh and its surrounding area was conducted to justify the occurrence and to determine the diameter and subsurface geological structure of the Bukit Bunuh impact crater. The gravity survey, using a Scintrex CG5 gravity meter, comprises 476 gravity stations with a 500 m spacing covering an area of approximately 160 km2. The elevation of the gravity stations were obtained by using a pair of Wellace and Tiernan altimeters. The gravity data were corrected for drift, free air, bouguer, latitude and terrain in order to produce a corrected gravity data of the study area. The data were processed and analysed using Oasis Montaj (Geosoft software) to produce bouguer, residual, Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) residual, regional and Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) regional anomaly maps for qualitative and quantitative interpretations. The bouguer gravity map shows relatively low negative anomaly with nearly circular shaped contour around the Bukit Bunuh area. This anomaly was interpreted as the remnant of meteorite impact structure with rounded shaped crater in the study area. The bouguer anomaly map shows that the Bukit Bunuh impact crater has a diameter of approximately 2.5 km. The impact structure was successfully modeled as a complex impact crater with maximum depth of about 300 m. The bouguer anomaly map also showed the possible occurences of at least two more impact craters located in the northeast and southeast areas of the Bukit Bunuh crater and these structures need further investigation for confirmation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  13. Soil properties and variation between three forest types in tropical watershed forest of Chini Lake, Peninsular Malaysia
    Khairil M, Wan Juliana WA, Nizam M, Razi Idris W
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1635-1643.
    Three forest types were recognized at Chini watershed namely inland, seasonal flood and riverine forests. The soil physico-chemical characteristics from the three forest types were investigated to determine the soil properties variation within a landscape scale. Thirty sampling stations were established, represented by fourteen inland, nine stations in seasonal flood forest and seven in riverine forest. In each station, three soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm depth by using an auger. The study showed 71% of the soil in the inland forest was found to be dominated by clay, 44% of the soil in the seasonal flood forest by clay loam and 42% of the soil in the riverine forest was dominated by silty clay. The pH of all three types of forest studied was acidic and insignificantly different. Organic matter content in the study sites was moderate. The mean of electric conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values in the studied soils were low. Based on ANOVA, there were significant differences of the available P and K, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations and electrical conductivity amongst the three forest types (p<0.05). Cluster analysis showed that the variations of the soil physico-chemical characteristics between the three forest types were low thus indicating that the soil physico-chemical investigated in this study were not the only main contributing factors in floristic variation of the three forest types in Chini watershed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  14. Usaha penanaman semula pokok paya bakau: kajian ke atas Bruguiera cylindrica di Pulau Carey, Selangor
    Arbain Mokhtar, Azniza Abdul Ghani, Rozainah MZ
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Penanaman semula hutan paya bakau dipertimbangkan sebagai satu usaha terbaik bagi melindungi dan memelihara kawasan pesisir pantai. Dalam kajian ini sejumlah 180 anak benih Bruguiera cylindrica telah ditanam di kawasan pesisir pantai Pulau Carey. Dua set eksperimen daripada segi corak dan medium dilakukan dengan 3 plot replika bagi setiap rawatan dengan kaedah Blok Rawak Lengkap. Kadar keterushidupan anak bakau B. cylindrica dicatat setiap 2 minggu selama 20 minggu. Keputusan menunjukkan corak penanaman secara kelompok adalah lebih sesuai (20%). Anak bakau yang ditanam secara langsung di atas tanah menunjukkan kadar hidup yang lebih tinggi (30%). Namun ujian analisis ANOVA menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara ketiga-tiga corak taburan penanaman dan penggunaan medium yang berbeza ini terhadap keterushidupan anak bakau B. cylindrica.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  15. Taburan, biojisim dan kedinamikan pokok sapindaceae di plot 50 ha di Hutan Simpan Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Nur 'Aqilah M, Nizam M, Latiff A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1523-1528.
    Data bagi Sapindaceae dalam suatu plot kekal 50 ha di Hutan Simpan Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia telah diperoleh dari Institut Penyelidikan Hutan Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong dan telah diguna untuk menilai pengeluaran primer dan taburan famili. Lima bancian telah dijalankan dalam tahun 1985-2005 dan analisis data telah dijalankan ke atas bancian terakhir. Walau bagaimanapun perbandingan telah dibuat antara kelima-lima bancian untuk menentukan kevariabelan. Daripada bancian tahun 2005, 10 genus dan 18 spesies Sapindaceae telah direkodkan di dalam plot. Sejumlah 13360 dirian pokok telah dikira dan spesies yang paling banyak ialah Xerospermum noronhianum (7678 dirian). Jumlah biojisim bagi famili telah dianggarkan sebanyak 7.25 t/ha dan biojisim atas tanah tertinggi telah disumbangkan oleh X. noronhianum, dengan anggaran sebanyak 2.78 t/ha. Spesies ini juga mempunyai nilai keluasan pangkal tertinggi dengan 17.68 m2/ha. Anggaran biojisim untuk 20 tahun telah berkurangan secara signifikan (ANOVA, p<0.05) antara empat bancian. Genus yang mempunyai dirian tertinggi ialah Xerospermum (57.47%). Bagi melihat corak taburan, Indeks Taburan Morisita (Id) telah digunakan dan mendapati semua spesies mempunyai corak taburan secara rawak. Sebanyak 2292 dirian telah didapati mati (278/tahun) dan 1246 dirian baru direkodkan (172/tahun) pada tahun 2005. Secara keseluruhannya pertambahan saiz diameter bagi tempoh 20 tahun adalah sangat kecil iaitu 0.03 cm/tahun.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  16. Effects of soil chemical properties and seasonality on mycorrhizal status of prickly pear (opuntia ficus-indica) planted in hot arid Steppe rangelands
    Souad Neffar, Haroun Chenchouni, Arifa Beddiar
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:671-680.
    Mycorrhizal fungi are an essential component to consider for better management of soil fertility, particularly in
    degraded rangelands of drylands. The present article presents a field survey of colonization and intensity of arbuscular
    mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) roots from young (5 years old) and old (more than 20
    years) plantations. The results observed were explained by seasonality and edaphic factors. Prickly pear roots showed
    a mycorrhizal frequency (F%) up to 100% of colonization and a mycorrhizal intensity (M%) that may exceed 70%.
    According to ANOVAs, both F% and M% varied significantly between Prickly pear plantation ages, but only M% between
    seasons. The Generalized linear model showed that edaphic factors have no effect on the variation of F%. However
    the statistical model showed that M% were significantly influenced by active CaCO3
    , organic matter, carbon, nitrogen,
    phosphorus contents and C/N. Our findings highlight the importance of mycorrhization in rehabilitation programs of
    degraded rangelands by prickly pear plantations in semiarid and arid lands, particularly during early plant ages and
    under environmental abiotic stresses such as climate and soil type.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  17. Effects of different doses of fertilizers on growth and yield components of biodiesel plant (jatropha curcas l.)
    Inam Ali Shah, Sultan Mehmod Wazir, Rahmat Ali Khan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:117-122.
    Effects of different doses of fertilizers on growth and yield components of biodiesel plant (Jatropha curcas L.), was
    made in the prevailing environment of University of Science and Technology Bannu. The experiment was carried out in
    randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied
    in the form of urea, single super phosphate and potash in the shape of combined NPK, respectively, during sprouting
    of leaves and thereafter with each irrigation in split doses. The analysis of variance for number of branches per plant
    showed significant results indicated in ANOVA. Significantly the number of primary branches per plant 8.07 was recorded
    in T4 with the application of dose of (N P K: 2507.5 gm: 1091.5 gm: 501.5 gm). Maximum No. of secondary branches
    per plant (9.100) were recorded in T1 especially at both plots. Flower per inflorescence showed that maximum value
    (122.810) was recorded in T5 of especially at both plots. Inflorescence plant-1 showed that maximum value (39.477) were
    recorded in T1 and minimum value were noted as (12.733) at T3 on both the flats. The data for fruits per plant showed
    that maximum value (143.300) was recorded in T1. The seed index, which was the output of the aim of this research work,
    reflects highly significant differences in mean value observed for both subplots. Mean values showed that maximum seeds
    weight 45.86 was recorded in T1 of especially at both plots while low seed index was noted as 22.84 at T5 (N: 3400 gm,
    P: 1480 gm, K: 680 gm) at both the subplots.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  18. Detection of gliclazide in aqueous samples using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry
    Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim, Md Pauzi Abdullah, Jalifah Latip, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Nurfaizah Abu Tahrim, Nurul Auni Zainal Abidin, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:803-810.
    The big challenge for the detection of pharmaceutical residues in water samples is the type of ionization mode in
    terms of positive or negative ionization which plays an important role to identify and quantify the analytes using liquid
    chromatography/mass spectrometry. An analytical method was applied to analysis of gliclazide (diabetic drug) in surface
    water and wastewater from sewage treatment plants and hospitals. The proposed analytical method allows simultaneous
    isolation and concentration procedure using solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB) prior to separation using high-performance
    liquid chromatography. The detection and confirmation was achieved by applying time-of-flight analyzer. The limits of
    quantification were as low as 1.4 ng/L (deionized water), 4 ng/L (surface water), 27 ng/L (hospital influent), 10 ng/L
    (hospital effluent), 6 ng/L (sewage treatment plant effluent) and 21 ng/L (sewage treatment plant influent), respectively. On
    average, good recoveries of higher than 87% were obtained for gliclazide in the studied samples. The proposed method
    successfully determined and quantified gliclazide in surface water and wastewater. The results showed that gliclazide
    is a persistent compound in sewage treatment effluents as well as in the recipient rivers. Gliclazide was detected in all
    samples and the highest concentration was 130 ng/L in influent of sewage treatment plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  19. Scale morphologies of freshwater fishes at Tembat Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Malaysia
    Farah Ayuni Farinordin, Wan Seribani Wan Nilam, Shahril Mod Husin, Abdullah Samat, Shukor Md. Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1429-1439.
    Scales are calcium carbonate and collagen-contained structures embedded within the fish epidermis and useful for
    species identification. This study aimed to describe morphological characteristics of scales and use the differences to
    prepare keys to species. Fishes were sampled from selected rivers of Tembat Forest Reserve, Hulu Terengganu. Specimens
    caught were from 3 families (Cyprinidae, Channidae, Nandidae) and 17 species. Each species was represented by ten
    individuals (size ranges 2.5 - 50 cm TL). The scales were removed, soaked in H2
    O2
    (0.5%), NH3 (0.3%), DH2
    O and
    mounted between a pair of glass slides for digital photographing. The morphological descriptions were based on types
    of scales, distinctiveness of radii arrangement at the anterior field, radii cover, radii distribution, overall shape, focus
    position and focus pattern. Keys to species were constructed based on these scale morphological characters described.
    Measurements of scale total length (L), total width (W), rostral field length (L1) and caudal field length (L2) of the scales
    were taken using Image J software. The inter-specific variation among scales was indicated by L1/L, L2/L, L1/L2 and
    W/L indices through multiple comparison tests (ANOVA). It was found that all 17 species showed significant differences
    with at least one other species in all four indices. Pristolepis grootii (Bleeker 1852) was the only one that significantly
    different (p<0.05) from other 16 species in the first three indices. Species that showed the least significant differences
    among species was Probarbus jullieni (Sauvage 1880). The differences among the scales were primarily due to the
    different types of scale that was either ctenoid or cycloid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
  20. Change in level of classroom lighting at a special education school distortion of vision and comparison of lighting at different lighting conditions
    Wan Nur ‘Amirah Ibrahim, Zainora Mohammed, Norliza Mohamad Fadzil, Sumithira Narayanasamy, Mohd ‘Izzuddin Hairol
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1835-1842.
    Illumination is one of the important physical aspects that influences comfortability during learning session particularly
    among visually impaired students. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in illumination level in classrooms
    during learning session at Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas (SMPK), Setapak. The second objective was to compare
    the illumination level in the classrooms under three different lighting conditions: daylight only, with additional artificial
    light and with removal of obstructions to daylight. Illumination levels in 17 classrooms was measured at one hour interval,
    between 8 am to 1 pm for the first stage and 19 classrooms under three different lighting conditions from 11 am to 12 noon
    for the second stage, using ILM1335 (ISO-TECH, Taiwan) digital luxmeter. Illumination level increased significantly from
    8 am to 11 am (One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA: F(2.14, 34.26)=76.49, p<0 .001) and was maximum at 1 pm. The
    illumination level was highest for the condition of daylight with additional artificial light (One-Way Repeated Measures
    ANOVA: F(2,34)=110.51, p<0.001) compared to other conditions. Illumination levels for daylight without obstruction
    was significantly higher than daylight only (pairwise comparison: p=0.001). Classroom illumination level was lowest
    in the early morning. However, classroom illumination can be increased either by removing the obstructions to daylight
    or with additional artificial lighting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
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