Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 160 in total

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  1. Fulltext miR-200c Regulation of Metastases in Ovarian Cancer: Potential Role in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Transition
    Sulaiman SA, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R
    Front Pharmacol, 2016;7:271.
    PMID: 27601996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00271
    Among the gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer is the most fatal due to its high mortality rate. Most of the identified cases are epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with five distinct subtypes: high-grade serous carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and clear-cell carcinoma. Lack of an early diagnostic approach, high incidence of tumor relapse and the heterogenous characteristics between each EOC subtypes contribute to the difficulties in developing precise intervention and therapy for the patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that have been shown to function as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. The miR-200 family, especially miR-200c, has been shown to be implicated in the metastasis and invasion of ovarian carcinoma due to its functional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This mini review is aimed to summarize the recent findings of the miR-200c functional role as well as its validated targets in the metastasis cascade of ovarian cancer, with a focus on EMT regulation. The potential of this miRNA in early diagnosis and its dual expression status are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms
  2. Fulltext [Anesthesia in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis - is general anesthesia a requisite? A case report]
    Chaw SH, Foo LL, Chan L, Wong KK, Abdullah S, Lim BK
    Rev Bras Anestesiol, 2016 09 28;67(6):647-650.
    PMID: 27687317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2016.09.003
    Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a recently described neurological disorder and an increasingly recognized cause of psychosis, movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction. We report 20-year-old Chinese female who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, recent memory loss, visual hallucinations and abnormal behavior. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis was diagnosed and a computed tomography scan of abdomen reviewed a left adnexal tumor. We describe the first such case report of a patient with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis who was given a bilateral transversus abdominis plane block as the sole anesthetic for removal of ovarian tumor. We also discuss the anesthetic issues associated with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. As discovery of tumor and its removal is the focus of initial treatment in this group of patients, anesthetists will encounter more such cases in the near future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/complications; Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
  3. Zerumbone inhibits interleukin-6 and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ovarian and cervical cancer cells
    Abdelwahab SI, Abdul AB, Zain ZN, Hadi AH
    Int Immunopharmacol, 2012 Apr;12(4):594-602.
    PMID: 22330084 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.01.014
    Interleukin-6 is one of the factors affecting sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the role of IL-6 and IL6 receptors in the cytotoxic effects of zerumbone in ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines (Caov-3 and HeLa, respectively). Exposure of both cancer cells to zerumbone or cisplatin demonstrated growth inhibition at a dose-dependent manner as determined by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,Sdiphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction assay. Both laser scanning confocal microscopy and TUNEL assay showed typical apoptotic features in treated cells. The studies conducted seems to suggest that zerumbone induces cell death by stimulating apoptosis better than cisplatin, based on the significantly higher percentage of apoptotic cells in zerumbone's treated cancer cells as compared to cisplatin. In addition, zerumbone and cisplatin arrest cancer cells at G2/M phase as analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results indicated that zerumbone significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 secreted by both cancer cells. In contrast, HeLa and Caov-3 cells were still sensitive to cisplatin and zerumbone, even in the presence of exogenous IL-6. However, membrane-bound IL-6 receptor is still intact after zerumbone treatment as demonstrated using an immune-fluorescence technique. This study concludes that the compound, zerumbone inhibits both cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and inhibits the secretion levels of IL-6 in both cancer cells. Therefore, zerumbone is a potential candidate as a useful chemotherapeutic agent in treating both cervical and ovarian cancers in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
  4. When it hits close to home
    Khoo SY
    J Palliat Med, 2013 Jun;16(6):703.
    PMID: 23614714 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0428
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/physiopathology
  5. Vaginal Brenner tumor with literature review: does this tumour originate from Walthard nests?
    Park S, Cho MS
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Apr;39(1):89-93.
    PMID: 28413211
    Vaginal Brenner tumor is extremely rare. Only five cases have been reported in the English literature to date. Here we report a vaginal Brenner tumor in a 76-year old postmenopausal woman, who presented with a 2.5cm-sized sessile vaginal polyp. Microscopically, it showed characteristic features of Brenner tumor consisting of three components; transitional islands, glands, and dense fibrous stroma. The epithelial tumor cells were positive for GATA-3, p63 and ER, but negative for PAX8. The origin of Brenner tumors in the vagina is unclear, but previous reports suggested of Müllerian origin. However, our case revealed that vaginal Walthard nests could be possible precursor lesions based on their immunohistochemical staining results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology*
  6. Fulltext Upper genital schistosomiasis mimicking an ovarian tumour
    Shekhar KC, Soh EBS, Jayalakshmi P
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55(3):371-5.
    PMID: 11200720
    Schistosomiasis is a widely prevalent disease in the world and usually involves the gastro-intestinal and urinary tract. The involvement of the female genital tract has been well-established in S. haematobium infections and is rare with S. japonicum infections. This case involves a Filipino female who was admitted to the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur for right iliac fossa pain and was diagnosed initially as acute appendicitis. Ultrasound showed a multi-septated pelvic cyst leading to a provisional diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Intraoperatively a right parovarian cyst was detected and removed. Histology revealed a congested cyst wall with areas of haemorrhage with several viable and calcified eggs of S. japonicum measuring 85 microns x 62 microns. Within the cystic cavity blood admixed with eggs were seen. Confirmation was carried out by using the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. This is a first report of upper genital schistosomiasis mimicking an ovarian tumour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  7. Unexpected ovarian malignancy after conservative laparoscopic surgery: five case series in a half decade of experience
    Wahab NA, Chalermchockchareonkit A, Chaisilwattana P, Mustafa KB
    Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2012 Jun;285(6):1695-8.
    PMID: 22189619 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2177-2
    To analyse and describe cases of unexpected ovarian malignancy after conservative laparoscopic surgery for an apparent benign ovarian mass at our centre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
  8. Translating N-Glycan Analytical Applications into Clinical Strategies for Ovarian Cancer
    Briggs MT, Condina MR, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Arentz G, Everest-Dass AV, Kaur G, et al.
    Proteomics Clin Appl, 2019 05;13(3):e1800099.
    PMID: 30367710 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800099
    Protein glycosylation, particularly N-linked glycosylation, is a complex posttranslational modification (PTM), which plays an important role in protein folding and conformation, regulating protein stability and activity, cell-cell interaction, and cell signaling pathways. This review focuses on analytical techniques, primarily MS-based techniques, to qualitatively and quantitatively assess N-glycosylation while successfully characterizing compositional, structural, and linkage features with high specificity and sensitivity. The analytical techniques explored in this review include LC-ESI-MS/MS and MALDI time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS), which have been used to analyze clinical samples, such as serum, plasma, ascites, and tissue. Targeting the aberrant N-glycosylation patterns observed in MALDI-MS imaging (MSI) offers a platform to visualize N-glycans in tissue-specific regions. The studies on the intra-patient (i.e., a comparison of tissue-specific regions from the same patient) and inter-patient (i.e., a comparison of tissue-specific regions between different patients) variation of early- and late-stage ovarian cancer (OC) patients identify specific N-glycan differences that improve understanding of the tumor microenvironment and potentially improve therapeutic strategies for the clinic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism*
  9. Torsion of ovarian tumors: a clinicopathological study
    Lee CH, Raman S, Sivanesaratnam V
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989 Jan;28(1):21-5.
    PMID: 2565826
    Torsion of ovarian tumors occurred predominantly in the reproductive age group. The majority of the cases presented in pregnant (22.7%) than in non-pregnant (6.1%) women. The major presenting symptom was pain but an abdominal mass was palpable in 79.4% of cases. Torsion was more common on the right ovary and 50% were gangrenous at laparotomy. Most of the tumors were benign cystic teratomas. Only 8.7% of the tumors were malignant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology*; Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
  10. Thymoquinone induces apoptosis and increase ROS in ovarian cancer cell line
    Taha MM, Sheikh BY, Salim LZ, Mohan S, Khan A, Kamalidehghan B, et al.
    Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 2016 May 30;62(6):97-101.
    PMID: 27262811
    Nigella sativa is also known for its properties as a traditional herbal healing for many ailments. In this study, the anticancer properties of thyomquinone (TQ), the active ingredient of N. sativa, were studied using ovarian cancer cell line (Caov-3 cells). The anti-proliferative activity of TQ was determined using MTT and the apoptosis was investigated using Flowcytometry and Annexin-V Assays. Multiparameteric cytotoxicity bioassays were used to quantify the changes in cell permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis-involved cell markers were examined to verify cell death mechanism. The MTT-assay showed that TQ induces anti-proliferative activity on Caov-3 with an IC50 of 6.0±0.03 μg/mL, without any cytotoxic activity towards WRL-68 normal hepatocytes. A significant induction of early phase of apoptosis was shown by annexin-V analysis. Treatment of Caov-3 cells with TQ induces decreases in plasma membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential. Visible decrease in the nuclear area was also observed. A significant decrease is observed in Bcl-2 while Bax is down-regulated. TQ-triggered ROS-mediated has found to be associated with Hsp70 dysregulation, an indicator of oxidative injury. We found that TQ induced anti-cancer effect involves intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress. Our results considered collectively indicated that thyomquinone may be a potential agent for ovarian cancer drug development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism*; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology*
  11. Third S. S. Ratnam memorial lecture 2007. Ovarian cancer: Is there hope for women?
    Sivanesaratnam V
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2009 Jun;35(3):393-404.
    PMID: 19527374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01049.x
    Ovarian cancer is today the most lethal female cancer with an overall survival of only 49.9%. The currently available screening modalities are disappointing in detecting highly curable early stage ovarian cancer. Natural history of ovarian cancer is unknown; it appears it can develop quickly from normal looking ovaries. Timely referral of women with non-specific symptoms (such as abdominal bloating, pelvic pain) for an ultrasound scan or blood CA125 assessments may help in the early diagnosis. Patients with Stage IA or IB disease with grade 1 tumors have a cure rate of >90%; this is likely to be compromised by laparoscopic surgery. In selected patients fertility preservation with good obstetric outcome is possible. However, the relapse rate in 'high risk' early stage ovarian cancers is 40-45%; adjuvant chemotherapy is needed. Only 20-25% of those with stage III and IV disease are cured. Despite a high primary response (70%) majority (70-75%) will relapse and all are likely to succumb. Optimal debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy are needed for stages III and IV disease; the outcome is superior if managed by gynecologic oncologists. Where cost of drugs is an important consideration, an alternative is carboplatin (an affordable and equally effective drug). The role of vaccines needs further study. When relapses occur palliation will be the aim in most instances. Oral contraceptives, breast feeding, tubal sterilization and hysterectomy also have a protective effect. Risk-reducing salpingo-oopherectomy has been suggested in women with BRCA mutations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery*
  12. The pattern of the pathology of ovarian tumours in pregnancy in the Singapore-Malaysia region
    Sinnathuray TA
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Sep;26(1):53-5.
    PMID: 4258576
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  13. The ovaries at abdominal hysterectomy-conservation or removal?
    Ong HC
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Sep;30(1):48-51.
    PMID: 1207532
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/etiology
  14. The masquerades of female pelvic tuberculosis: case reports and review of literature on clinical presentations and diagnosis
    Chow TW, Lim BK, Vallipuram S
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2002 Aug;28(4):203-10.
    PMID: 12452262
    In this review, tuberculosis of the genital tract was diagnosed retrospectively in 11 females over 15 years. The presentations of nine cases are described. Seven of the nine cases presented with ascites, vague abdominal distension, weight loss and were misdiagnosed as ovarian carcinoma. Eight women had no relevant past history. A review on clinical presentations and diagnosis of pelvic tuberculosis is presented. We conclude that although the incidence of tuberculosis is uncommon in developed countries, its prevalence appears to be increasing worldwide. Therefore, clinicians should consider tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis when encountering clinical presentations of pelvic mass and ascites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
  15. Fulltext The eyes do not see what the mind does not know: an underreported feature in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary
    Wong, Y.P., Tan, G.C.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):223-228.
    MyJurnal
    Mature cystic teratoma is the commonest ovarian germ cell tumour which accounts for 70% of all benign ovarian neoplasms in the reproductive age groups. Being a pluripotent germ cell tumour, mature cystic teratoma has at least two out of three mature embryonic germ cell components: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. The presence of multiple cystic spaces within the tumour wall, also known as pneumatosis cystoides-like appearance is rarely described but a characteristic feature in cystic teratoma of the ovary. Currently, there is little information concerning the mechanism of its formation. Herein, we described an unusual case of ovarian mature cystic teratoma in a 31-year-old pregnant female with multiple sieve-like areas resembling pneumatosis cystoides of the intestine. Macroscopic and histological examination of the ovary revealed features diagnostic of mature cystic teratoma. Intriguingly, multiple cystic spaces of variable sizes were found within the cyst wall histologically. They were lined partially or completely by foamy histiocytes and foreign body type multinucleated giant cells, exhibiting strong CD68 immunoreactivity. Vascular endothelial markers (CD31 and CD34) and epithelial marker (cytokeratin AE1/AE3) were negative. A diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma with pneumatosis cystoides-like feature was rendered. The patient was discharged well with no signs and symptoms of early labour. The etiopathogenesis of this intriguing histological feature is briefly discussed in this article.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms
  16. The effects of metformin on ovarian cancer: a systematic review
    Dilokthornsakul P, Chaiyakunapruk N, Termrungruanglert W, Pratoomsoot C, Saokaew S, Sruamsiri R
    Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2013 Nov;23(9):1544-51.
    PMID: 24172091 DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e3182a80a21
    OBJECTIVE: The potential therapeutic effects of metformin on several cancers were reported. However, the evidence of the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer is still limited and inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aim to summarize the existing evidence of the therapeutic effects of metformin on ovarian cancer.

    METHODS: We performed systematic searches using electronic databases including PubMed and EMBASE until December 2012. Key words included "metformin" AND ("ovarian cancer" OR "ovary tumor"). All human studies assessing the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer were eligible for inclusion. All articles were reviewed independently by 2 authors with a standardized approach for the purpose of study, study design, patient characteristics, exposure, and outcomes. The data were pooled using a random-effects model.

    RESULTS: Of 190 studies retrieved, only 3 observational studies and 1 report of 2 randomized controlled trials were included. Among those studies, 2 reported the effects of metformin on survival outcomes of ovarian cancer, whereas the other 2 reported the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer prevention. The findings of studies reporting the effects on survival outcomes indicated that metformin may prolong overall, disease-specific, and progression-free survival in ovarian cancer patients. The results of studies reporting the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer prevention were meta-analyzed. It indicated that metformin tended to decrease occurrence of ovarian cancer among diabetic patients with the pooled odds ratio of 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.16-1.99).

    CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed the potential therapeutic effects of metformin on survival outcomes of ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer prevention. However, most of the evidence was observational studies. There is a call for further well-conducted controlled clinical trials to confirm the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer survival and ovarian cancer prevention.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology
  17. Teratoma in infancy and childhood: a ten-year review at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur
    Sinniah D, Prathap K, Somasundram K
    Cancer, 1980 Aug 01;46(3):630-2.
    PMID: 7397629
    A ten-year review revealed a similarity in the incidence of teratoma in relation to other childhood tumors in Malaysian as compared with Caucasian children. The most common sites of origin were the sacropcoccygeal, gonadal, and retroperitoneal areas. The reason for the high incidence of retroperitoneal tumor in our series as compared with other countries is not clear. Late presentation and poor followup are associated with poor prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology; Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
  18. Fulltext Systematic Review on the Accuracy of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: Is Functional Information Really Needed?
    Suppiah S, Chang WL, Hassan HA, Kaewput C, Asri AAA, Saad FFA, et al.
    World J Nucl Med, 2017 Jul-Sep;16(3):176-185.
    PMID: 28670174 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_31_17
    Ovarian cancer (OC) often presents at an advanced stage with frequent relapses despite optimal treatment; thus, accurate staging and restaging are required for improving treatment outcomes and prognostication. Conventionally, staging of OC is performed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Nevertheless, recent advances in the field of hybrid imaging have made positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) and PET/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) as emerging potential noninvasive imaging tools for improved management of OC. Several studies have championed the role of PET/CT for the detection of recurrence and prognostication of OC. We provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the latest publications regarding the role of molecular imaging in the management of OC. We retrieved 57 original research articles with one article having overlap in both diagnosis and staging; 10 articles (734 patients) regarding the role of PET/CT in diagnosis of OC; 12 articles (604 patients) regarding staging of OC; 22 studies (1429 patients) for detection of recurrence; and 13 articles for prognostication and assessment of treatment response. We calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT performance in various aspects of imaging of OC. We also discussed the emerging role of PET/MRI in the management of OC. We aim to give the readers and objective overview on the role of molecular imaging in the management of OC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms
  19. Sustainable complete remission in recurrence yolk sac tumor patient treated with tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell
    Abdullah NA, Wang PN, Huang KG, Adlan AS, Casanova J
    Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol., 2013;34(2):183-5.
    PMID: 23781595
    A 21-year-old lady diagnosed with Stage 3 ovarian yolk sac tumor (YST) underwent primary cytoreductive fertility sparing surgery, followed by conventional courses of platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide. Recurrence at cul-da-sac was noted after a short period of remission and secondary debulking performed followed by four cycles of conventional chemotherapy. The patient's disease progressed despite courses of treatments. A joint team management including a hematologist was commenced following the failure of conventional chemotherapies. Two cycles of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with ifosfamide/cisplatin/etoposide (ICE) regimen, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) were given. With this salvage treatment, she remained in complete remission and disease-free for more than 30 months, while maintaining her reproductive function. These approaches appear to be effective as a salvage treatment in selected cases of patients with ovarian germ cell tumor, especially those who failed primary conventional chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy*
  20. Survival study and prognostic factors of ovarian cancer registered in a teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Najihah Lokman, Siti Azrin Ab. Hamid, Norsa’adah Bachok
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:559-565.
    Ovarian cancer is one of the highest causes of death among female population in Malaysia. A retrospective cohort study among 127 ovarian cancer patients registered in one of the teaching hospital in Malaysia was conducted from 1st January 2002 until 31st December 2011. The objective of this study was to determine the median survival time, five year survival probability and prognostic factors of ovarian cancer patients. Only ovarian cancer patients were selected with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The results showed that the overall five-year survival probability of ovarian cancer was 35.2% (95%CI: 26.3, 44.3) with 38 month (95%CI: 25.7, 50.1) median survival time. After adjustment for potential cofounder, significant prognostic factors of ovarian cancer were observed in FIGO stage (HR: 2.53; 1.44, 4.45), loss of appetite (HR: 1.95; 1.23, 3.11) and presence of pleural effusion (HR: 1.98; 1.19, 3.30). Overall, the survival probabilities of ovarian cancer were low and further actions must be taken to improve the survival among advanced cancer patients
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms
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