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Sengstaken-Blakemore tube malposition with esophageal rupture

Chuah YY, Lee YY, Chen WC, Kao SS

Acta Gastroenterol Belg, 2018 10 24;81(3):447-448.
PMID: 30350541
Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Hemothorax due to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Kaur P, Tan KK

Acta Paediatr Jpn, 1994 Feb;36(1):95-6.
PMID: 8165919

A three day old male, term infant with hemothorax due to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn was treated successfully with vitamin K and thoracocentesis. Exclusive breast feeding and absence of vitamin K prophylaxis were important diagnostic clues, although hemothorax as a sole manifestation of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is rare. This case highlighted the good prognosis of an uncommon complication when prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are instituted. The importance of vitamin K prophylaxis to all newborns is emphasized.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Susuk

Alhamad T

Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011 Aug 15;184(4):484.
PMID: 21844517 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201012-2018IM
Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Fulltext Routine chest radiograph interpretation skills of medical officers at an outpatient setting

Norwati Daud, Harmy Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Ezane Aziz

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, chest radiograph is a part of compulsory investigations during routine medical examination. Majority of these chest radiographs are interpreted by medical officers at the outpatient clinic. This study was to determine the concordance of chest radiograph interpretations between medical officers and radiologist. Medical officers' report of routine chest radiographs at the outpatient clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 6-month period were compared to that of a radiologist. Of 408 chest radiographs reported, the concordance of interpretation between medical officers and radiologist was 93.6% (382 of 408). Medical officers correctly interpret 98.2% (378/385) of normal chest radiograph compared to 17.4% of abnormal chest radiographs (4/23). Therefore, routine chest radiograph interpretations of normal radiographs by medical officers were generally accurate. However, they were weak in interpreting abnormal chest radiographs. Medical officers need to be trained on detecting abnormalities on chest X-ray since most routine chest X-ray reporting is done based on their interpretation.

Study site: outpatient clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Computed and conventional chest radiography: a comparison of image quality and radiation dose

Ramli K, Abdullah BJ, Ng KH, Mahmud R, Hussain AF

Australas Radiol, 2005 Dec;49(6):460-6.
PMID: 16351609

The aim of this study was to compare the image quality and entrance skin dose (ESD) for film-screen and computed chest radiography. Analysis of the image quality and dose on chest radiography was carried out on a conventional X-ray unit using film-screen, storage phosphor plates and selenium drum direct chest radiography. For each receptor, ESD was measured in 60 patients using thermoluminescent dosemeters. Images were printed on 35 x 43 cm films. Image quality was assessed subjectively by evaluation of anatomic features and estimation of the image quality, following the guidelines established by the protocols of the Commission of the European Communities. There was no statistically significant difference noted between the computed and conventional images (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P > 0.05). Imaging of the mediastinum and peripheral lung structures were better visualized with the storage phosphor and selenium drum technique than with the film-screen combination. The patients' mean ESD for chest radiography using the storage phosphor, film-screen combination and selenium drum was 0.20, 0.20 and 0.25 mGy, respectively, with no statistically significant difference with P > 0.05 (chi(2) tests).

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/methods*
Fulltext Dental technician pneumoconiosis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report

Tan HL, Faisal M, Soo CI, Ban AY, Manap RA, Hassan TM

BMC Pulm Med, 2016 09 07;16(1):131.
PMID: 27604085 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0293-2

BACKGROUND: Dental laboratory technicians are at risk of developing occupational respiratory diseases due to exposure to various potentially toxic substances in their working environment. Since 1939, few cases of silicosis among dental technician have been reported.

CASE PRESENTATION: We illustrate a 38 year-old female, who worked in a dental laboratory for 20 years, initially treated as pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic necrotising aspergillosis without much improvement. Computed tomography guided lung biopsy and bronchoscopic transbronchial lung biopsy were performed. Lung tissue biopsies showed presence of refractile dental materials within the areas of histiocyte proliferation. The diagnosis of dental technician pneumoconiosis was obtained and our patient underwent pulmonary rehabilitation.

CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed occupational history in tuberculosis endemic area, as pulmonary tuberculosis is a great mimicker of other respiratory diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Fulltext Bilateral tension pneumothorax after acupuncture

Mohammad N

BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Apr 19;2018.
PMID: 29674395 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221550

Acupuncture is an ancient complementary medicine which is currently used worldwide. Many serious adverse events have been reported which include a spectrum of mild-to-fatal complications. However, the level of awareness with regard to complications is still low both to physicians and patients. We report a 63-year-old who presented with acute shortness of breath 2 hours after having had acupuncture. On examination, there was absent breath sound heard on the left lung and slightly reduced breath sound on the right lung. She had type 1 respiratory failure. Urgent chest radiograph confirmed bilateral pneumothorax which was more severe on the left with tension pneumothorax and mediastinal shift. Chest tubes were inserted bilaterally after failed needle aspiration attempts. Subsequently, the pneumothoraces resolved, and she was discharged well. The bilateral pneumothoraces caused by acupuncture were curable but could have been potentially fatal if diagnosis was delayed. This case report adds to the limited current literature on the complications of acupuncture leading to bilateral pneumothoraces.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/methods*
Fulltext Coinfection of leprosy and tuberculosis

Shetty S, Umakanth S, Manandhar B, Nepali PB

BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Mar 15;2018.
PMID: 29545426 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222352

Leprosy and tuberculosis (TB) are endemic to India, however, their coinfection is not frequently encountered in clinical practice. Here, we report a 32-year-old female patient who presented with a history of high-grade intermittent fever, cough and painless skin lesions since a month, along with bilateral claw hand (on examination). The haematological profile was suggestive of anaemia of chronic disease, chest radiograph showed consolidation, sputum smears were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and skin slit smear confirmed leprosy. The patient was prescribed WHO recommended multidrug therapy for multibacillary leprosy with three drugs. Additionally, prednisolone was added to her regimen for 2 weeks to treat the type 2 lepra reaction. For treatment of TB, she was placed on the standard 6-month short course chemotherapy. She was lost to follow-up, and attempts were made to contact her. Later, it came to our notice that she had discontinued medications and passed away 3 months after diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Fulltext Lung segmentation on standard and mobile chest radiographs using oriented Gaussian derivatives filter

Wan Ahmad WS, Zaki WM, Ahmad Fauzi MF

Biomed Eng Online, 2015;14:20.
PMID: 25889188 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0014-8

Unsupervised lung segmentation method is one of the mandatory processes in order to develop a Content Based Medical Image Retrieval System (CBMIRS) of CXR. The purpose of the study is to present a robust solution for lung segmentation of standard and mobile chest radiographs using fully automated unsupervised method.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/instrumentation*
Histoplasmosis in Malaya

Ponnampalam JT

Br J Dis Chest, 1964 Apr;58:49-55.
PMID: 14152216

A survey of 227 patients from 5-60 years of age revealed the presence of positive histoplasmin skin tests in 10.5 per cent. and positive complement-fixation tests in 19-8 per cent. Sputum from 13 of the 37 patients who had a positive complement-fixation test were cultured for H. capsulatum but with negative results. Exposure to infection by the fungus is equally distributed among the different race and age groups. A careful and constant watch should be kept for histoplasmosis in all chest hospitals as a certain number of cases may be present. It tends to elude diagnosis unless specially sought as it resembles the clinical picture of tuberculosis or other granulomatous disease. It presents a field for further investigation and research in Malaya.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic*
Fulltext An Overview of Deep Learning Techniques on Chest X-Ray and CT Scan Identification of COVID-19

Serena Low WC, Chuah JH, Tee CATH, Anis S, Shoaib MA, Faisal A, et al.

Comput Math Methods Med, 2021;2021:5528144.
PMID: 34194535 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5528144

Pneumonia is an infamous life-threatening lung bacterial or viral infection. The latest viral infection endangering the lives of many people worldwide is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. This paper is aimed at detecting and differentiating viral pneumonia and COVID-19 disease using digital X-ray images. The current practices include tedious conventional processes that solely rely on the radiologist or medical consultant's technical expertise that are limited, time-consuming, inefficient, and outdated. The implementation is easily prone to human errors of being misdiagnosed. The development of deep learning and technology improvement allows medical scientists and researchers to venture into various neural networks and algorithms to develop applications, tools, and instruments that can further support medical radiologists. This paper presents an overview of deep learning techniques made in the chest radiography on COVID-19 and pneumonia cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Application of phase congruency for discriminating some lung diseases using chest radiograph

Rijal OM, Ebrahimian H, Noor NM, Hussin A, Yunus A, Mahayiddin AA

Comput Math Methods Med, 2015;2015:424970.
PMID: 25918551 DOI: 10.1155/2015/424970

A novel procedure using phase congruency is proposed for discriminating some lung disease using chest radiograph. Phase congruency provides information about transitions between adjacent pixels. Abrupt changes of phase congruency values between pixels may suggest a possible boundary or another feature that may be used for discrimination. This property of phase congruency may have potential for deciding between disease present and disease absent where the regions of infection on the images have no obvious shape, size, or configuration. Five texture measures calculated from phase congruency and Gabor were shown to be normally distributed. This gave good indicators of discrimination errors in the form of the probability of Type I Error (δ) and the probability of Type II Error (β). However, since 1 - δ is the true positive fraction (TPF) and β is the false positive fraction (FPF), an ROC analysis was used to decide on the choice of texture measures. Given that features are normally distributed, for the discrimination between disease present and disease absent, energy, contrast, and homogeneity from phase congruency gave better results compared to those using Gabor. Similarly, for the more difficult problem of discriminating lobar pneumonia and lung cancer, entropy and homogeneity from phase congruency gave better results relative to Gabor.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Applying a statistical PTB detection procedure to complement the gold standard

Noor NM, Yunus A, Bakar SA, Hussin A, Rijal OM

Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2011 Apr;35(3):186-94.
PMID: 21036539 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2010.10.002

This paper investigates a novel statistical discrimination procedure to detect PTB when the gold standard requirement is taken into consideration. Archived data were used to establish two groups of patients which are the control and test group. The control group was used to develop the statistical discrimination procedure using four vectors of wavelet coefficients as feature vectors for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), lung cancer (LC), and normal lung (NL). This discrimination procedure was investigated using the test group where the number of sputum positive and sputum negative cases that were correctly classified as PTB cases were noted. The proposed statistical discrimination method is able to detect PTB patients and LC with high true positive fraction. The method is also able to detect PTB patients that are sputum negative and therefore may be used as a complement to the gold standard.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/methods*; Radiography, Thoracic/standards*
A discrimination method for the detection of pneumonia using chest radiograph

Noor NM, Rijal OM, Yunus A, Abu-Bakar SA

Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2010 Mar;34(2):160-6.
PMID: 19758785 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2009.08.005

This paper presents a statistical method for the detection of lobar pneumonia when using digitized chest X-ray films. Each region of interest was represented by a vector of wavelet texture measures which is then multiplied by the orthogonal matrix Q(2). The first two elements of the transformed vectors were shown to have a bivariate normal distribution. Misclassification probabilities were estimated using probability ellipsoids and discriminant functions. The result of this study recommends the detection of pneumonia by constructing probability ellipsoids or discriminant function using maximum energy and maximum column sum energy texture measures where misclassification probabilities were less than 0.15.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic*
Chest Radiograph (CXR) Manifestations of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Mini-review

Chan WY, Hamid MTR, Gowdh NFM, Rahmat K, Yaakup NA, Chai CS

Curr Med Imaging, 2021;17(6):677-685.
PMID: 33390122 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201231103312

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and has claimed more than one million lives, besides causing hardship and disruptions. The Fleischner Society has recommended chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting cases at high risk of disease progression, for triaging suspected patients with moderate-to-severe illness, and for eliminating false negatives in areas with high pre-test probability or limited resources. Although CXR is less sensitive than real-- time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in detecting mild COVID-19, it is nevertheless useful because of equipment portability, low cost and practicality in serial assessments of disease progression among hospitalized patients.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review the typical and relatively atypical CXR manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital.
METHODS: The CXRs of 136 COVID-19 patients confirmed through real-time RT-PCR from March to May 2020 were reviewed. A literature search was performed using PubMed.
RESULTS: A total of 54 patients had abnormal CXR whilst the others were normal. Typical CXR findings included pulmonary consolidation or ground-glass opacities in a multifocal, bilateral peripheral, or lower zone distribution, whereas atypical CXR features comprised cavitation and pleural effusion.
CONCLUSION: Typical findings of COVID-19 infection in chest computed tomography studies can also be seen in CXR. The presence of atypical features associated with worse disease outcome. Recognition of these features on CXR will improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosing COVID-19 patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic*
Pulmonary tuberculosis in the University of Malaya students

Kadri ZN

Dis Chest, 1959 Dec;36:612-5.
PMID: 14408342 DOI: 10.1378/chest.36.6.612

The overall incidence of clinical pulmonary tuberculosis in the University of Malaya students was found to be 3.15 per cent. This higher incidence of clinical tuberculosis is in keeping with the general morbidity and mortality figures of tuberculosis in the general public. Among students who were originally enrolled as inactive cases 26.5 per cent developed activity while in university and required treatment. No significant difference was found in the incidence and rate of reactivation of disease in students of various races. No student was obliged to quit studies permanently on account of the breakdown

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Congenital lobar emphysema: a case with bronchial septum

Saim L, Mohamad AS, Ambu VK

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1994 Jan;28(2-3):241-6.
PMID: 8157425

Congenital lobar emphysema has been described under various designations. Although the etiology is not clear, some form of bronchial obstruction has been documented in about 50% of the patients. A rare case of congenital lobar emphysema with a membranous septum in the left main bronchus is described. Although prompt lobectomy has been the treatment of choice in most cases, this case demonstrates the importance of early bronchoscopy to exclude treatable intra luminal abnormalities.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Fulltext Systematic review of artificial intelligence techniques in the detection and classification of COVID-19 medical images in terms of evaluation and benchmarking: Taxonomy analysis, challenges, future solutions and methodological aspects

Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Albahri AS, Zaidan BB, Abdulkareem KH, Al-Qaysi ZT, et al.

J Infect Public Health, 2020 Oct;13(10):1381-1396.
PMID: 32646771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.028

This study presents a systematic review of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in the detection and classification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medical images in terms of evaluation and benchmarking. Five reliable databases, namely, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were used to obtain relevant studies of the given topic. Several filtering and scanning stages were performed according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria to screen the 36 studies obtained; however, only 11 studies met the criteria. Taxonomy was performed, and the 11 studies were classified on the basis of two categories, namely, review and research studies. Then, a deep analysis and critical review were performed to highlight the challenges and critical gaps outlined in the academic literature of the given subject. Results showed that no relevant study evaluated and benchmarked AI techniques utilised in classification tasks (i.e. binary, multi-class, multi-labelled and hierarchical classifications) of COVID-19 medical images. In case evaluation and benchmarking will be conducted, three future challenges will be encountered, namely, multiple evaluation criteria within each classification task, trade-off amongst criteria and importance of these criteria. According to the discussed future challenges, the process of evaluation and benchmarking AI techniques used in the classification of COVID-19 medical images considered multi-complex attribute problems. Thus, adopting multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an essential and effective approach to tackle the problem complexity. Moreover, this study proposes a detailed methodology for the evaluation and benchmarking of AI techniques used in all classification tasks of COVID-19 medical images as future directions; such methodology is presented on the basis of three sequential phases. Firstly, the identification procedure for the construction of four decision matrices, namely, binary, multi-class, multi-labelled and hierarchical, is presented on the basis of the intersection of evaluation criteria of each classification task and AI classification techniques. Secondly, the development of the MCDA approach for benchmarking AI classification techniques is provided on the basis of the integrated analytic hierarchy process and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje methods. Lastly, objective and subjective validation procedures are described to validate the proposed benchmarking solutions.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/classification*
Tumour volume and lung metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma

Munajat I, Zulmi W, Norazman MZ, Wan Faisham WI

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2008 Aug;16(2):182-5.
PMID: 18725669

To assess the association between tumour volume and occurrence of lung metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma and to determine the cut-off value.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
Fulltext Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices

Ballif M, Renner L, Claude Dusingize J, Leroy V, Ayaya S, Wools-Kaloustian K, et al.

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 2015 Mar;4(1):30-8.
PMID: 26407355 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu020

BACKGROUND: The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge.
METHODS: We describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study.
RESULTS: Sputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children.
CONCLUSIONS: Induced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected children.

Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic/economics; Radiography, Thoracic/methods

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