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Incidence of abnormalities of the toe clefts among British troops in Malaya

INGHAM FJ, REED TA

J R Army Med Corps, 1959 Oct;105:182-6.
PMID: 13852827
Matched MeSH terms: Sweating*
Tropical Malaysians and temperate Koreans exhibit significant differences in sweating sensitivity in response to iontophoretically administered acetylcholine

Lee JB, Bae JS, Matsumoto T, Yang HM, Min YK

Int J Biometeorol, 2009 Mar;53(2):149-57.
PMID: 19048305 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-008-0197-9

Natives of the tropics are able to tolerate high ambient temperatures. This results from their long-term residence in hot and often humid tropical climates. This study was designed to compare the peripheral mechanisms of thermal sweating in tropical natives with that of their temperate counterparts. Fifty-five healthy male subjects including 20 native Koreans who live in the temperate Korean climate (Temperate-N) and 35 native tropical Malaysian men that have lived all of their lives in Malaysia (Tropical-N) were enrolled in this study after providing written informed consent to participate. Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing after iontophoresis (2 mA for 5 min) with 10% acetylcholine (ACh) was used to determine directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating during ACh iontophoresis. The sweat rate, activated sweat gland density, sweat gland output per single gland activated, and oral and skin temperature changes were measured. The sweat onset time of AXR (nicotinic-receptor-mediated) was 56 s shorter in the Temperate-N than in the Tropical-N subjects (P < 0.0001). The nicotinic-receptor-mediated sweating activity AXR (1), and the muscarinic-receptor-mediated sweating activity DIR, in terms of sweat volume, were 103% and 59% higher in the Temperate-N compared to the Tropical-N subjects (P < 0.0001). The Temperate-N group also had a 17.8% (P < 0.0001) higher active sweat gland density, 35.4% higher sweat output per gland, 0.24 degrees C higher resting oral temperature, and 0.62 degrees C higher resting forearm skin temperature compared to the Tropical-N subjects (P < 0.01). ACh iontophoresis did not influence oral temperature, but increased skin temperature near where the ACh was administered, in both groups. These results suggest that suppressed thermal sweating in the Tropical-N subjects was, at least in part, due to suppressed sweat gland sensitivity to ACh through both recruitment of active sweat glands and the sweat gland output per each gland. This physiological trait guarantees a more economical use of body fluids, thus ensuring more efficient protection against heat stress.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating/drug effects*; Sweating/physiology
Short-term heat acclimation prior to a multi-day desert ultra-marathon improves physiological and psychological responses without compromising immune status

Willmott AGB, Hayes M, Waldock KAM, Relf RL, Watkins ER, James CA, et al.

J Sports Sci, 2017 Nov;35(22):2249-2256.
PMID: 27935427 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1265142

Multistage, ultra-endurance events in hot, humid conditions necessitate thermal adaptation, often achieved through short term heat acclimation (STHA), to improve performance by reducing thermoregulatory strain and perceptions of heat stress. This study investigated the physiological, perceptual and immunological responses to STHA prior to the Marathon des Sables. Eight athletes (age 42 ± 4 years and body mass 81.9 ± 15.0 kg) completed 4 days of controlled hyperthermia STHA (60 min·day‒1, 45°C and 30% relative humidity). Pre, during and post sessions, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded. Immunological measures were recorded pre-post sessions 1 and 4. STHA improved thermal comfort (P = 0.02), sensation (P = 0.03) and perceived exertion (P = 0.04). A dissociated relationship between perceptual fatigue and Tre was evident after STHA, with reductions in perceived Physical (P = 0.04) and General (P = 0.04) fatigue. Exercising Tre and HR did not change (P > 0.05) however, sweat rate increased 14% (P = 0.02). No changes were found in white blood cell counts or content (P > 0.05). Four days of STHA facilitates effective perceptual adaptations, without compromising immune status prior to an ultra-endurance race in heat stress. A greater physiological strain is required to confer optimal physiological adaptations.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Effects of short-term exercise in the heat on thermoregulation, blood parameters, sweat secretion and sweat composition of tropic-dwelling subjects

Saat M, Sirisinghe RG, Singh R, Tochihara Y

J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci, 2005 Sep;24(5):541-9.
PMID: 16237263

This study investigates the effects of a short-term aerobic training program in a hot environment on thermoregulation, blood parameters, sweat secretion and composition in tropic-dwellers who have been exposed to passive heat. Sixteen healthy Malaysian-Malay male volunteers underwent heat acclimation (HA) by exercising on a bicycle ergometer at 60% of VO2max for 60 min each day in a hot environment (Ta: 31.1+/-0.1 degrees C, rh: 70.0+/-4.4%) for 14 days. All parameters mentioned above were recorded on Day 1 and at the end of HA (Day 16). On these two days, subjects rested for 10 min, then cycled at 60% of VO2max for 60 min and rested again for 20 min (recovery) in an improvised heat chamber. Rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk) heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS), local sweat rate and percent dehydration were recorded during the test. Sweat concentration was analysed for sodium [Na+]sweat and potassium. Blood samples were analysed for biochemical changes, electrolytes and hematologic indices. Urine samples were collected before and after each test and analysed for electrolytes.After the period of acclimation the percent dehydration during exercise significantly increased from 1.77+/-0.09% (Day 1) to 2.14+/-0.07% (Day 16). Resting levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells decreased significantly while [Na+]sweat increased significantly. For Tre and Tsk there were no differences at rest. Tre, HR, RPE, TS, plasma lactate concentration, hemoglobin and hematocrit at the 40th min of exercise were significantly lower after the period of acclimation but mean corpuscular hemoglobin and serum osmolality were significantly higher while no difference was seen in [Na+]sweat and Tsk. It can be concluded that tropic-dwelling subjects, although exposed to prolonged passive heat exposure, were not fully heat acclimatized. To achieve further HA, they should gradually expose themselves to exercise-heat stress in a hot environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating/physiology*
Sweating distribution and active sweat glands on the scalp of young males in hot-dry and hot-humid environments

Jung D, Kim YB, Lee JB, Muhamed AMC, Lee JY

Eur J Appl Physiol, 2018 Dec;118(12):2655-2667.
PMID: 30209544 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3988-7

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of humidity on regional sweating secretion and active sweat gland density on the scalp during passive heating in hot environments.
METHODS: Eight male subjects shaved their heads prior to expose to dry (30%RH; H30%) and humid (85%RH; H85%) conditions at an air temperature of 32 °C. Total sweat rate, local sweat rates (frontal, vertex, temporal, and occipital regions), active sweat glands on the scalp (2 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, and 1 vertex), and rectal and skin temperatures were measured during leg immersion in 42 °C water for 60 min.
RESULTS: (1) Total sweat rates were greater for H30% (179.4 ± 35.6 g h-1) than for H85% (148.1 ± 27.2 g h-1) (P

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating*
Unilateral hemihyperhidrosis in a stroke patient and literature review on its clinicoanatomical correlation

May, Honey Ohn, Khin, Maung Ohn, Khin, Nyein Yin, Teh, Yong Guang, Ng, Pey Luen, Chin, Li Bing

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):41-47.
MyJurnal

Contralateral hyperhidrosis from the cardiovascular accident has been infrequently described in the stroke literature. The clinical significance and pathogenesis are yet well understood. This is a case of a 60-year-old man who developed excessive sweating of the paralyzed side with a pure division along the midline of the body secondary to a subcortical stroke, which region is supplied by branches of middle cerebral artery territory known as deep perforating lenticulostriate. To the best of our knowledge, a precise clinicoanatomic correlation between hyperhidrosis and subcortical stroke has not been widely reported. In this review, we summarize the existing literature of post-stroke hyperhidrosis to evaluate the correlation between clinical manifestation and its neuroanatomical location. According to the location of the infarction and clinical features, it can be concluded that both tracks en route through the ipsilateral internal capsule, after originating in the opercular cortex before crossing the brain stem and terminal connections with the contralateral thoracic spinal cord. Therefore, the phenomenon of hyperhidrosis in anterior circulation stroke might be postulated as due to the disruption of the sympathoinhibitory pathway that controls sweat glands, similarly like posterior circulation stroke.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Fulltext Cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia

Ponnusamy, S., Shazli Ezzat Ghazali

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(2):67-78.
MyJurnal

This paper reports a clinical case study on the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) in treating panic attack with agoraphobia in a local health psychology clinic. M.N., a 24 year old male, complained of nightmares, heart palpitations, sweating, tremors and fearful feelings for the past one and a half years. He felt anxious about going to crowded places such as bus stations, night markets, supermarkets, and mosques and being left alone in any place which he was not familiar with. This case study adopted an ABC design whereby the subject was assessed at three different phases: pre-treatment, mid-treatment and post-treatment. Four standard assessment measures were administered: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anxiety Scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The subject responded well to 12 sessions of intervention employed in the study based on CBT model and this could be noticed by minimal score on the entire psychological test administered. The application of behavioral and cognitive strategies became more effective due to patient’s ability to understand and also due to his cooperative behavior. He responded well to imagery exposure and in-vivo gradual exposure and successfully went to shopping malls, used lifts at Kuala Lumpur Tower, went to night markets and used public transport.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Fulltext Conquering pedaphobia: a case study of counselling interventions

Aina Razlin Mohammad Roose

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2015;1(1):63-73.
MyJurnal

This paper presents a case study of a 22-year-old female client who came for counselling sessions for the purpose of overcoming her pedaphobia. Symptoms, such as, dizziness, nausea, arousal, sweating palm and body shaking were noticed to be visible not only by the presence of a real child, but also by pictures, stories and imaginations of infants. Systematic desensitization technique, a form of Exposure Therapy, was applied to treat the client. It involved relaxation and breathing techniques, and supported by the application of live modelling guided participation. Along with the interventions, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy techniques were also applied, such as, thought recording, irrational thoughts identification and disputation, Rational Emotive Imagery (REI), coping self-statement, and forceful self-statement. By the end of the therapy, the client reported to have experienced a decline in the occurrences of symptoms and demonstrated the ability to overcome her phobia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Fulltext Risk of acute kidney injury and hyponatremia in long-distance runners

Abdullah R., Wan Md Adnan W.A.H.

JUMMEC, 2018;21(2):4-9.
MyJurnal

Long-distance running has gathered some momentum among health-conscious participants. However, some
studies have revealed association between long-distance running and development of acute kidney injury.
Although the impact usually lasts only for a few days after the event, some participants have been admitted for
severe acute kidney injury, the minority of which require dialysis treatment. The mechanisms underlying the
injury may include dehydration, development of rhabdomyolysis, heat stroke and concomitant use of NSAIDS.
Unfortunately, there is no long-term follow-up study to determine the long-term effect on kidney function.
Acute hyponatremia may develop in a significant proportion of long-distance runners. Majority of them were
asymptomatic but a few fatal cases which were supposedly due to cerebral oedema have been reported.
Excessive intake of hypotonic drinks, excessive sweating and secretion of non-osmotic antidiuretic hormone
have been postulated to be the causes of hyponatremia. This mini review will discuss the pathophysiology of
the development of acute kidney injury and hyponatremia. It will also discuss the prevention and treatment
of both conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Effects of fermentation time and turning intervals on the physicochemical properties of rambutan (nephelium lappaceum l.) fruit sweatings

Kong Fei Chai, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Roselina Karim, Yaya Rukayadi, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2311-2318.

Sweatings, the exudates that leach out from fermenting fruits during rambutan fruit fermentation are considered as
a waste by-product and are allowed to be drained off. This could lead to a pollution problem. Besides, it is a waste if
the sweatings are possible to be transformed into food products and ingredients. However, prior transformation, the
fundamental knowledge of the sweatings should be understood. Hence, the main aim of this study was to investigate
the physicochemical properties of sweatings as affected by fermentation time and turning intervals during natural
fermentation of rambutan fruits. In this study, peeled rambutan fruit was fermented for 8 days and turned. Different
batches of the fruits were turned every 24, 48 or 72 h and sweatings from the process were collected and analyzed.
The results showed that fermentation time significantly reduced (p<0.05) the yield, pH and sucrose content of the
sweatings by 79-84%, 32-33%, 76.5-80.8%, respectively. Fermentation time also significantly increased (p<0.05) the
titratable acidity, total soluble solids, fructose, glucose, total sugar, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and ascorbic
acid contents of the sweatings by 5.6-6.0, 1.5-1.6, 2.4-2.6, 2.1-2.5, 1.0-1.1, 5.7-6.5, 2.4-2.6, 2.1-2.5 and 2.6-2.8 folds,
respectively. However, turning intervals did not significantly affect (p>0.05) the physicochemical properties of the
sweatings. High concentrations of sugars and organic acids allow the sweatings to have a balance of sweet and sour
taste and they are suitable to be used in the production of syrup, soft drinks, jam, jelly, marmalade and vinegar.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Single-centre study of therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole in lung transplant recipients: factors affecting trough plasma concentrations

Jeong W, Snell GI, Levvey BJ, Westall GP, Morrissey CO, Wolfe R, et al.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 2018 Mar 01;73(3):748-756.
PMID: 29211913 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx440

Objectives: This study describes therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of posaconazole suspension and modified release (MR) tablets in lung transplant (LTx) recipients and evaluates factors that may affect posaconazole trough plasma concentration (Cmin).
Methods: A single-centre, retrospective study evaluating posaconazole Cmin in LTx recipients receiving posaconazole suspension or MR tablets between January 2014 and December 2016.
Results: Forty-seven LTx patients received posaconazole suspension, and 78 received the MR tablet formulation; a total of 421 and 617 Cmin measurements were made, respectively. Posaconazole was concurrently administered with proton pump inhibitor in ≥ 90% of patients. The median (IQR) of initial posaconazole Cmin following 300 mg daily of posaconazole tablet was significantly higher than that of 800 mg daily of posaconazole suspension [1.65 (0.97-2.13) mg/L versus 0.81 (0.48-1.15) mg/L, P

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Comparison of thermoregulatory responses to heat between Malaysian and Japanese males during leg immersion

Wijayanto T, Wakabayashi H, Lee JY, Hashiguchi N, Saat M, Tochihara Y

Int J Biometeorol, 2011 Jul;55(4):491-500.
PMID: 20824480 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-010-0358-5

The objective of this study was to investigate thermoregulatory responses to heat in tropical (Malaysian) and temperate (Japanese) natives, during 60 min of passive heating. Ten Japanese (mean ages: 20.8 ± 0.9 years) and ten Malaysian males (mean ages: 22.3 ± 1.6 years) with matched morphological characteristics and physical fitness participated in this study. Passive heating was induced through leg immersion in hot water (42°C) for 60 min under conditions of 28°C air temperature and 50% RH. Local sweat rate on the forehead and thigh were significantly lower in Malaysians during leg immersion, but no significant differences in total sweat rate were observed between Malaysians (86.3 ± 11.8 g m(-2) h(-1)) and Japanese (83.2 ± 6.4 g m(-2) h(-1)) after leg immersion. In addition, Malaysians displayed a smaller rise in rectal temperature (0.3 ± 0.1°C) than Japanese (0.7 ± 0.1°C) during leg immersion, with a greater increase in hand skin temperature. Skin blood flow was significantly lower on the forehead and forearm in Malaysians during leg immersion. No significant different in mean skin temperature during leg immersion was observed between the two groups. These findings indicated that regional differences in body sweating distribution might exist between Malaysians and Japanese during heat exposure, with more uniform distribution of local sweat rate over the whole body among tropical Malaysians. Altogether, Malaysians appear to display enhanced efficiency of thermal sweating and thermoregulatory responses in dissipating heat loss during heat loading. Thermoregulatory differences between tropical and temperate natives in this study can be interpreted as a result of heat adaptations to physiological function.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating/physiology
Self-care actions taken for vasomotor symptoms by some postmenopausal Kelantanese women

Dhillon HK, Singh HJ, Mahmood NM, Ghaffar NA

Climacteric, 2008;11(6):518-24.
PMID: 18991079 DOI: 10.1080/13697130802491031

OBJECTIVE:
Documentation of self-care actions for vasomotor complaints by some postmenopausal women in Kelantan.

METHODS:
A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 326 naturally menopausal women to determine the prevalence and types of self-care actions taken for vasomotor complaints.

RESULTS:
Fractionally more women took self-care actions for night sweats than hot flushes. The choice of self-care action depended upon the area of residence and the educational level. The most common action taken for night sweats was to sleep either in an air-conditioned room or under a ceiling fan. About one-quarter of the complainants used hormone replacement therapy, the majority of who were urban-living and with secondary education. Only a small fraction used traditional remedies.

CONCLUSION:
A large proportion of women complaining of vasomotor complaints took self-care actions and the choice of self-care actions depended on the area of residence and educational level. The use of modern remedies and less of the traditional remedies was more common amongst the more affluent and educated women than women in rural areas who either did nothing or resorted to the more simple type of self-care actions. Contrary to our expectations, the use of traditional remedies was low.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating*
Effects of exercise in the heat on thermoregulation of Japanese and Malaysian males

Saat M, Tochihara Y, Hashiguchi N, Sirisinghe RG, Fujita M, Chou CM

J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci, 2005 Jul;24(4):267-75.
PMID: 16079566

The effect of low-intensity exercise in the heat on thermoregulation and certain biochemical changes in temperate and tropical subjects under poorly and well-hydrated states was examined. Two VO2max matched groups of subjects consisting of 8 Japanese (JS) and 8 Malaysians (MS) participated in this study under two conditions: poorly-hydrated (no water was given) and well-hydrated (3 mL x Kg(-1) body weight of water was provided at onset of exercise, and the 15th, 35th and 55th min of exercise). The experimental room in both countries was adjusted to a constant level (Ta: 31.6+/-0.03 degrees C, rh: 72.3+/-0.13%). Subjects spent an initial 10 min rest, 60 min of cycling at 40% VO2max and then 40 min recovery in the experimental room. Rectal temperatures (Tre) skin temperatures (Tsk), heart rate (HR), heat-activated sweat glands density (HASG), local sweat rate (M sw-back) and percent dehydration were recorded during the test. Blood samples were analysed for plasma glucose and lactate levels.The extent of dehydration was significantly higher in the combined groups of JS (1.43+/-0.08%) compared to MS (1.15+/-0.05%). During exercise M sw-back was significantly higher in JS compared to MS in the well-hydrated condition. The HASG was significantly more in JS compared to MS at rest and recovery. Tre was higher in MS during the test. Tsk was significantly higher starting at the 5th min of exercise until the end of the recovery period in MS compared to JS. In conclusion, tropical natives have lower M sw-back associated with higher Tsk and Tre during the rest, exercise and recovery periods. However, temperate natives have higher M sw-back and lower Tsk and Tre during experiments in a hot environment. This phenomenon occurs in both poorly-hydrated and well-hydrated states with low intensity exercise. The differences in M sw-back, Tsk and Tre are probably due to a setting of the core temperature at a higher level and enhancement of dry heat loss, which occurred during passive heat exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating/physiology
Fulltext Parotid swellings: report of 110 consecutive cases

Arshad AR

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Dec;53(4):417-22.
PMID: 10971987

Parotid swellings are uncommon. Over a twelve-year period, 110 cases of parotid swellings were treated at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, of which 97 cases were histologically proven to be parotid tumours. 75% of these tumours were benign tumours, and 80% of the benign tumours were pleomorphic adenomas. Among the malignant tumours, 6 cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma and 5 were carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. There were equal number of male to female patients, with an age range of 14 to 83 years. There is a positive correlation between the final histological diagnosis and FNAC results in 74% of cases. Surgical treatment of choice for benign parotid tumours was near-total parotidectomy whilst for malignant tumours was total radical parotidectomy with sural nerve graft.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating, Gustatory/etiology
Comparison of heat dissipation response between Malaysian and Japanese males during exercise in humid heat stress

Wakabayashi H, Wijayanto T, Lee JY, Hashiguchi N, Saat M, Tochihara Y

Int J Biometeorol, 2011 Jul;55(4):509-17.
PMID: 20949285 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-010-0374-5

This study investigated the differences in heat dissipation response to intense heat stress during exercise in hot and humid environments between tropical and temperate indigenes with matched physical characteristics. Ten Japanese (JP) and ten Malaysian (MY) males participated in this study. Subjects performed exercise for 60 min at 55% peak oxygen uptake in 32°C air with 70% relative humidity, followed by 30 min recovery. The increase in rectal temperature (T(re)) was smaller in MY during exercise compared to JP. The local sweat rate and total body mass loss were similar in both groups. Both skin blood flow and mean skin temperature was lower in MY compared to JP. A significantly greater increase in hand skin temperature was observed in MY during exercise, which is attributable to heat loss due to the greater surface area to mass ratio and large number of arteriovenous anastomoses. Also, the smaller increase in T(re) in MY may be explained by the presence of a significantly greater core-skin temperature gradient in MY than JP. The thermal gradient is also a major factor in increasing the convective heat transfer from core to skin as well as skin blood flow. It is concluded that the greater core-skin temperature gradient observed in MY is responsible for the smaller increase in T(re).

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating/physiology
Experience of hormone replacement therapy among women of Sarawak, Malaysia

Alwi SA, Rubiah ZS, Lee PY, Mallika PS, Haizal MN

Climacteric, 2010 Dec;13(6):553-60.
PMID: 19958163 DOI: 10.3109/13697130903470319

To determine the usage of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and knowledge about HRT among women of Sarawak in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Uncontrolled hypertension, palpitation and sweating in young female - A rare cause

Sandeep HV, Sarat KS, Ng LT

Med J Malaysia, 2016 02;71(1):39-40.
PMID: 27130746

Extra-adrenal /retroperitoneal paraganglioma is a rare cause of hypertension in young with increased incidence of metastasis as compared to adrenal pheochromocytoma. We present a case of a young female with history of headache, nausea/vomiting, palpitations, uncontrolled hypertension, heat intolerance and diaphoresis. The 24-hour urine catecholamine levels were elevated. Clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made and further evaluation with Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the adrenals revealed extradrenal para-aortic retroperitoneal mass in keeping with paraganglioma. Gallium-68 DOTATE positron emission tomography-CT scan (PET-CT) confirmed the diagnosis without evidence of metastatic foci.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Fulltext Heat acclimation attenuates the increased sensations of fatigue reported during acute exercise-heat stress

Willmott AGB, Hayes M, James CA, Gibson OR, Maxwell NS

Temperature (Austin), 2019 Sep 19;7(2):178-190.
PMID: 33015245 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1664370

Athletes exercising in heat stress experience increased perceived fatigue acutely, however it is unknown whether heat acclimation (HA) reduces the magnitude of this perceptual response and whether different HA protocols influence the response. This study investigated sensations of fatigue following; acute exercise-heat stress; short- (5-sessions) and medium-term (10-sessions) HA; and between once- (ODHA) and twice-daily HA (TDHA) protocols. Twenty male participants (peak oxygen uptake: 3.75 ± 0.47 L·min-1) completed 10 sessions (60-min cycling at ~2 W·kg-1, 45°C/20% relative humidity) of ODHA (n = 10) or non-consecutive TDHA (n = 10). Sensations of fatigue (General, Physical, Emotional, Mental, Vigor and Total Fatigue) were assessed using the multi-dimensional fatigue scale inventory-short form pre and post session 1, 5 and 10. Heat adaptation was induced following ODHA and TDHA, with reductions in resting rectal temperature and heart rate, and increased plasma volume and sweat rate (P

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating
Managing Hot Flushes in Menopausal Women: A Review

Mallhi TH, Khan YH, Khan AH, Mahmood Q, Khalid SH, Saleem M

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2018 Jun;28(6):460-465.
PMID: 29848424 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.06.460

Hot flushes during menopause are distressing for women and result in poor quality of life. Purpose of the current review was to evaluate the available treatment modalities that should be utilised for the management of hot flushes. Menopause refers to last menses of women life and can be declared after amenorrhea of 12 months. Vasomotor symptoms including hot flushes and night sweats are common after menopause, affecting almost 50 - 85% women older than 45 years. The mean increment in core body and skin temperature is 0.5°C and 0.25 - 3°C during a hot flush attack. Low level of estrogen during menopause and its association in triggering episodes of hot flushes, is still under debate. The most accepted hypothesis is a narrowing of the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) triggered by estrogen fluctuations. Although, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) remains the standard treatment for the alleviation of such symptoms, incidence of life threatening side effects restrained medical professionals from its use. Complications associated with the use of HRT can be avoided by appropriate evaluation of patients before initiating therapy. Several guidelines have also recommended HRT (estrogen and progesterone) to be safe for up to a period of seven years. Both hormonal and non-hormonal treatments are used for the management of hot flushes. Since hot flushes are the least appreciated and neglected complication of menopause, current review provides detailed information on its background, pathophysiology and management, and emphasises the need of its treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweating

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