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  1. Fulltext Isolation of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae from pneumonic lung of swine
    Dahlia H, Tan LJ, Zarrahimah Z, Maria J
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Dec;26(3):341-5.
    PMID: 20237449 MyJurnal
    The isolation of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae from a piglet with severe pneumonia is described. This is the first report of M. hyosynoviae isolation in the country. The lung sample where the isolation was made was severely consolidated, suppurative and pleurisy. The pathogenicity of the M. hyosynoviae isolated has yet to be determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology; Arthritis, Infectious/veterinary
  2. Fulltext Neonatal septic arthritis
    Halder D, Quah BS, Malik AS, Choo KE
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Sep;27(3):600-5.
    PMID: 9185277
    Neonatal septic arthritis has always been considered as separate from its counterpart in older children. The condition is uncommon but serious. Affected neonates usually survive, but with permanent skeletal deformities. Ten cases of neonatal septic arthritis were diagnosed between January 1989 and December 1993 in the neonatal intensive care units of two referral hospitals in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. All except one neonate was born prematurely. The mean age of presentation was 15.6 days. Joint swelling (10/10), increased warmth (7/10) and erythema of the overlying skin (7/10) were the common presenting signs. Vague constitutional symptoms preceded the definitive signs of septic arthritis in all cases. The total white cell counts were raised with shift to the left. The knee (60%) was not commonly affected, followed by the hip (13%) and ankle (13%). Three neonates had multiple joint involvement. Coexistence of arthritis with osteomyelitis was observed in seven neonates. The commonest organism isolated was methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (9/10). Needle aspiration was performed in nine neonates and one had incision with drainage. Follow up data was available for five neonates and two of these had skeletal morbidity. Early diagnosis by frequent examination of the joints, prompt treatment and control of nosocomial infection are important for management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology; Arthritis, Infectious/epidemiology*; Arthritis, Infectious/physiopathology; Arthritis, Infectious/therapy
  3. Fulltext A child with septic arthritis of hip: a rarely encountered cause
    Abdul Halim AR, Norhamdan Y, Ramliza R
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):154-5.
    PMID: 22106702 MyJurnal
    We report a rare case of septic arthritis in a healthy child caused by Salmonella enteritidis. No predisposing factor was detected. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the infected joint tissue obtained following surgical drainage. Based on the culture and sensitivity report, he was treated with a 6-week course of antibiotic. He improved dramatically without any detrimental sequelae at end of one year.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis*; Arthritis, Infectious/etiology; Arthritis, Infectious/therapy*
  4. Fulltext Can intra-articular therapies prior to total knee arthroplasty increase the risk of periprosthetic infection?
    Yeo QY, Lye DC, Sathappan SS
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Feb;70(1):54-6.
    PMID: 26032534
    Intra-articular therapies, such as steroid injection, viscosupplement injection and acupuncture, are common non-surgical options for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. With any intra-articular injection or acupuncture procedure, there is a potential for inoculation with bacteria leading to possible knee infection. The authors report a patient who incurred an acute infection found after a total knee arthroplasty attributed to prior acupuncture procedure done as part of conservative treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  5. Fulltext An epidemiological study of septic arthritis in Kuala Lumpur Hospital
    Razak M, Nasiruddin J
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:86-94.
    PMID: 10968188
    Forty-one patients with 42 joint infections were admitted to the hospital between June 1989 and June 1994. An overview on the behaviour of septic arthritis in both children and adults, at presentation and after various types of treatment was done. There were 32 knees, 7 hips, 2 elbows and 1 shoulder. Duration of symptoms, type of organism, type of joint drainage, presence of preexisting joint problems and presence of osteomyelitis are among the important factors with prognostic significance. Seventy three percent of patients with less than 7 days duration of symptoms had satisfactory results. Whereas when the duration of symptoms exceeded 7 days, 75% of the patients had unsatisfactory outcome. All cases with poor outcome had positive cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for 77% of the culture-positive cases. All Staphylococcus aureus in this study were penicillin-resistant but sensitive to cloxacillin. There were 3 instances where Staphylococcus became resistant to cloxacillin following recurrence of septic arthritis. However, they were still sensitive to third generation cephalosporin. Staphylococcus aureus was capable of producing poor results even when the case was treated early. Other organisms were gram-negative bacilli which infect patients with suppressed immune system, that is, intravenous drug abuser, systemic steroid therapy and diabetes mellitus. Open arthrotomy was the method of drainage used in all hip sepsis. This method was also the most reliable method of joint drainage in other joints compared to aspiration method when frank pus was already present. Most immuno-compromised patients recovered badly from septic arthritis. Associated adjacent osteomyelitis, preexisting chronic arthritis and recent intra-articular fractures were also noted to adversely affect the functional outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology; Arthritis, Infectious/epidemiology*; Arthritis, Infectious/therapy
  6. Fulltext Acute gonococcal sacro-iliitis--a case report
    Deshmukh RG
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):411-4.
    PMID: 8668065
    Acute infective sacro-iliitis is a rare condition. Though gonococcal arthritis is not uncommon, this organism does not appear to have been isolated from the sacro-iliac joint. The first proven case of gonococcal sacro-iliitis is reported here. Difficulties in correct diagnosis of infective sacro-iliitis are highlighted. Management of gonococcal sacro-iliitis is described. With the increase in number of gonococcal infections, a case can be made for routine culture of joint material N. Gonorrhoeae in cases of septic arthritis in patients at high risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/etiology*
  7. Fulltext Diabetic non-ketotic hyperglycaemia presenting as chorea--a case report
    Lim TO, Ngah BC
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):260-2.
    PMID: 2152091
    We report a patient with hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia who presented with chorea and septic arthritis on his knee. The chorea resolved completely and quickly with correction of the metabolic disturbance, only to return just as quickly when his metabolic disturbance subsequently deteriorated as a result of overwhelming septicaemia, suggesting coexisting cerebral ischaemia, although the basis of focal neurological sign in non-ketotic hyperglycaemia remains controversial.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/etiology
  8. Septic arthritis of temporomandibular joint
    Azmi NS, Mohamad N, Razali NA, Zamli AKT, Sapiai NA
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):264-266.
    PMID: 33742643
    Septic arthritis (SA) occurrence for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare. Pain, fever, swelling or loss of TMJ function are the typical presentation. The more common diagnosis for these presentations is internal derangement, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, TMJ septic arthritis is a challenging diagnosis and at risk of delayed diagnosis. We present a case of TMJ septic arthritis in a 46 year old Malay female with underlying hypertension and hypercholestrolemia, which was diagnosed as internal derangement in the initial presentation. The initial radiograph was normal. Arthrocentesis procedure had temporarily relieved the symptoms before progressive facial swelling developed after a week. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) brain revealed left TMJ abscess formation with left condylar erosion. Patient subsequently improved after wound debridement, left condylectomy and antimicrobial therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  9. The use of butazolidine in gonococcal arthritis
    Burns NP
    Med J Malaya, 1956 Jun;10(4):313-9.
    PMID: 13399533
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious*
  10. The distribution and prevalence of group A arbovirus neutralizing antibodies among human populations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands
    Tesh RB, Gajdusek DC, Garruto RM, Cross JH, Rosen L
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1975 Jul;24(4):664-75.
    PMID: 1155702
    Plaque reduction neutralization tests, using five group A arboviruses (chikungunya, Ross River, Getah, Bebaru and Sindbis), were done on sera from human populations in 44 Southeast Asia and Pacific island localities. Specificity of the plaque neutralization test was determined by examining convalescent sera from patients with known alphavirus infections. Chikungunya-specific neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in sera of persons living in South Vietnam, Northern Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), as well as Luzon, Marinduque, Cebu and Mindanao islands in the Philippines. Evidence of Ross River virus infection was found among populations living in West New Guinea and Papua New Guinea mainland, the Bismark Archipelago, Rossel Island and the Solomon Islands. There appeared to be no geographic overlap in the distribution of chikungunya and Ross River viruses, with the separation in their distribution corresponding with Weber's line in the Pacific. Sindbis neutralizing antibodies were found in 7 of 21 populations sampled, but in general the prevalence of infection was low. Four sera, from Vietnam, Malaysia and Mindanao gave monospecific reactions with Getah virus. No evidence of specific Bebaru virus infection was detected. The epidemiology of these five alphaviruses in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/immunology
  11. Fulltext Septic hip dislocation with a preserved femoral head: successful outcome following open reduction
    Kamal J, Abdul Halim AR, Sharaf I
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):335-340.
    MyJurnal
    Septic arthritis of the hip in children represents a serious disorder with unfavourable long-term sequelae. In neonates, a poor hip outcome is expected especially if the treatment was delayed. Late sequelae can lead to structural joint damage and instability, causing deformity and dislocations which ultimately may result in limb length discrepancy, early degenerative changes and limited range of motion. Surgery at the appropriate time can improve the hip condition and functional outcome. Previous classifications of post septic hip sequelae are useful guides for treatment, but did not discuss one particular group of patient. This group-septic hip dislocation with a preserved femoral head, has recently been described as a distinct entity. This report highlights an 11-year follow-up of a 2-year-old child who had a successful outcome following open reduction and varus derotation
    osteotomy for a septic hip dislocation with a preserved femoral head.
    Keywords: septic arthritis, hip dislocation, child, infection
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious*
  12. Fulltext Patient-reported Outcome Measures of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Prosthetic Joint Infection is not Inferior to Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
    Lim J, Pang HN, Tay K, Chia SL, Yeo SJ, Lo NN
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):73-81.
    PMID: 33403065 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.012
    Introduction: This study aims to investigate whether patients undergoing two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and one-stage revision THA for aseptic reasons have similar clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction during their post-operative follow-up. We hypothesise that the two-stage revision THA for PJI is associated with poorer outcomes as compared to aseptic revision THA.

    Materials and Methods: We reviewed prospectively collected data in our tertiary hospital arthroplasty registry and identified patients who underwent revision THA between 2001 and 2014, with a minimum of two years follow-up. The study group (two-stage revision THA for PJI) consists of 23 patients and the control group (one-stage revision THA for aseptic reasons) consists of 231 patients. Patient demographics, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores and patient reported satisfaction were evaluated. Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the two groups. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05.

    Results: The pre-operative demographics and clinical scores were relatively similar between the two groups of patients. At two years, patients who underwent revision THA for PJI reported a better WOMAC Pain Score and OHS as compared to aseptic revision THA. A similar proportion of patients were satisfied with their results of surgery in both groups (p=0.093).

    Conclusions: Although patients who underwent revision THA for PJI had poorer pre-operative functional scores (WOMAC function and SF-36 PF), at two years follow-up, these two groups of patients have comparable post-operative outcomes. Interestingly, patients who had revision THA for PJI reported a better clinical outcome in terms of OHS and WOMAC Pain score as compared to the aseptic group. We conclude that the revision THA for PJI is not inferior to aseptic revision THA in terms of patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  13. Fulltext Septic arthritis of lumbar facet joint with co-existing spondylolisthesis - a case report
    Khoo C, Thevarayan S, Rengsen P, Deepak AS
    Malays Orthop J, 2010;4(2):48-50.
    MyJurnal
    We report a rare case of septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint (SALFJ) with co-existing spondylolisthesis of the L5 on S1 vertebra and discuss possible differential diagnoses, diagnostic difficulties and management of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  14. Fulltext Bedside continuous irrigation and drainage as an interim local treatment for septic arthritis of the knee in the medically unstable patient: a case report
    Khoo SS, Loi KW, Tan KT, Suhaeb AR, Simmrat S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):57-59.
    PMID: 28435613 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.003
    Septic arthritis is a surgical emergency. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment reduce the destruction of articular cartilage and give better outcome. We describe a simple, minimally invasive closed tube irrigation system for the initial treatment of septic arthritis of the knee in a patient with complex medical problems who was unfit to undergo surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  15. The Results of Two-stage Revision for Methicillin-resistant Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) of the Hip
    Santoso A, Yoon TR, Park KS, Anwar IB, Utomo P, Soetjahjo B, et al.
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Mar;14(1):18-23.
    PMID: 32296477 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2003.003
    Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip due to methicillin-resistant bacteria is difficult to treat and remain a challenge for arthroplasty surgeon.

    Material and Methods: Retrospective review was done to the patients who received two-stage revisions with an antibiotic loaded cement-spacer for PJI of the hip between January 2010 to May 2015. We found 65 patients (65 hips) with positive culture findings. Eight patients were lost to follow-up and excluded from the study. Among the rest of the 57 patients, methicillin-resistant infection (MR Group) was found in 28 cases. We also evaluate the 29 other cases that caused by the other pathogen as control group. We compared all of the relevant medical records and the treatment outcomes between the two groups.

    Results: The mean of follow-up period was 33.7 months in the methicillin-resistant group and 28.4 months in the control group (p = 0.27). The causal pathogens in the methicillin-resistant group were: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 10 cases, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) in 16 cases and Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) in two cases. The reimplantation rate was 92.8% and 89.6% in the methicillin-resistant and control group, respectively (p= 0.66). The rates of recurrent infection after reimplantation were 23.1% (6/26) in the methicillin-resistant group and 7.6% (2/26) in the control group (p= 0.12). The overall infection control rate was 71.4% (20/28) and 89.6% (26/29) in the methicillin-resistant and control group, respectively (p = 0.08). Both groups showed comparable baseline data on mean age, BMI, gender distribution, preoperative ESR/CRP/WBC and comorbidities.

    Conclusions: Two-stage revision procedure resulted in low infection control rate and high infection recurrency rate for the treatment of methicillin-resistant periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip. Development of the treatment strategy is needed to improve the outcome of methicillin-resistant periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip.

    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  16. Osteomyelitis in childhood -the natural history documented by radiographs
    Singh, H.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):74-76.
    MyJurnal
    It is very rare indeed in the practice of children's orthopaedics today in Malaysia that the natural history of long bone osteomyelitis is seen. A case is presented where a shoulder abscess in a 3-year-old child developed into septic arthritis of the shoulder and subsequently chronic osteomyelitis of the adjacent humerus. The parents refused active surgical debridement and sequestrectomies. Three years later the child had regenerated a new humerus over the sequestra. Radiographs are presented illustrating the entire natural history of osteomyelitis with the regeneration of a new humerus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  17. Fulltext Melioidosis: a localised osteomyelitis in a cat
    Lim, M.L., Ismail, S.S., Rahman, N., Watanabe, M.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):24-26.
    MyJurnal
    Melioidosis is a zoonotic disease as a result of infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is of significant public health
    concern due to its ubiquitous nature with high morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In cats, the disease is usually reported
    with abscess formation in lung, liver and spleen, however, isolated articular melioidosis is rare. A 1-year-old, a female Domestic
    Shorthair cat was presented to University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) with swollen right elbow and
    non weight bearing lameness of the right forelimb. Physical examination revealed pyrexia, soft tissue swelling and pain upon
    palpation of the right elbow joint. Radiographs of the right forelimb revealed osteolysis at the distal third of the humerus and
    proximal radius and ulna, cortical thinning at the olecranon and soft tissue swelling around the elbow joint. Bacterial culture of the
    joint fluid revealed positive growth for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Unfortunately, the owner opted to euthanise the cat citing
    personal reasons. Upon necropsy, there was presence of multiple caseous nodules within the right elbow joint cavity only and none
    of the other limbs, lung, spleen and liver was affected. It is important for veterinarian to be aware of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
    form of melioidosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious
  18. Fulltext Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the causative agent in a case of culture-negative dermatitis-arthritis syndrome using real-time PCR
    Kimmitt PT, Kirby A, Perera N, Nicholson KG, Schober PC, Rajakumar K, et al.
    J Travel Med, 2008;15(5):369-71.
    PMID: 19006515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00240.x
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an increasingly common and important cause of a fever in a returning traveler. Systemic complications of STIs, human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion illness, and secondary syphilis are diagnoses that can easily be missed. We present a case of culture-negative disseminated gonococcal infection presenting with fever, malaise, polyarthralgia, arthritis, and a rash that developed following orogenital contact and was diagnosed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. This technology has major potential to improve the speed and sensitivity of diagnosis and consequent management of patients with this syndrome.
    Study site: United Kingdom (patient had recent travel to Thailand and Malaysia)
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology*
  19. Fulltext Melioidotic septic arthritis: a case report and literature review
    Raja NS
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2007 Apr;40(2):178-82.
    PMID: 17446969
    Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia. In recent years, the incidence of melioidosis has increased worldwide. Septic arthritis is a rare but well-recognized manifestation of melioidosis. Patients with underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, cirrhosis, and malignancy are at greater risk. The presentations of melioidotic septic arthritis often mimic other disease processes and patients may not always be clinically septic. We present a case of septic arthritis due to B. pseudomallei in a 66-year-old male with diabetes mellitus presenting with a history of fever and ankle swelling. Follow-up ankle X-ray showed soft tissue swelling. Synovial fluid and blood samples grew B. pseudomallei. The patient improved gradually after parenteral administration of ceftazidime (2 g 8-hourly) and cotrimoxazole (1440 mg 8-hourly). He was discharged on oral cotrimoxazole (1440 mg 12-hourly), doxycycline (100 mg 12-hourly), and chloramphenicol (500 mg 6-hourly) for 6 months. This case highlights the possible occurrence of melioidotic septic arthritis, and the importance of prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobials to achieve good outcomes.
    Study site: Emergency department, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Infectious/complications; Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy*; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology
  20. Clinical and radiological features of imported chikungunya fever in Japan: a study of six cases at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
    Mizuno Y, Kato Y, Takeshita N, Ujiie M, Kobayashi T, Kanagawa S, et al.
    J Infect Chemother, 2011 Jun;17(3):419-23.
    PMID: 20862507 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0124-y
    Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is currently distributed in Africa and in South and Southeast Asia; outbreaks have occurred periodically in the region over the past 50 years. After a large outbreak had occurred in countries in the western Indian Ocean region in 2005, several countries reported cases of CHIKF from travelers who had visited affected areas. In Japan, there have been only 15 cases of CHIKF patients so far, according to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Therefore, to evaluate the clinical and radiological features associated with the disease, we describe 6 imported cases of CHIKF. All of the patients had had prolonged arthralgia on admission to our hospital, and diagnosis was confirmed with specific antibodies by using an IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunoassay and a plaque reduction neutralizing antibody assay. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of one patient revealed erosive arthritis and tenosynovitis during the convalescence stage. Clinicians should be aware of the late consequences of infection by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and recognize the possible association of subacute and chronic arthritis features. In addition, competent vectors of CHIKV, Aedes aegypti, can now be found in many temperate areas of the eastern and western hemispheres, including Japan. This fact raises concern that the virus could be introduced and become established in these areas. This necessitates an increased awareness of the disease, because imported cases are likely to contribute to the spread of CHIKV infection wherever the competent mosquito vectors are distributed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis; Arthritis, Infectious/epidemiology; Arthritis, Infectious/virology
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