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Fulltext Griscelli syndrome

Ariffin H, Geikowski A, Chin TF, Chau D, Arshad A, Abu Bakar K, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):193-4.
PMID: 25500851 MyJurnal

We report a case of Griscelli Syndrome (GS). Our patient initially presented with a diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphistiocytosis (HLH). Subsequent microscopic analysis of the patient's hair follicle revealed abnormal distribution of melanosomes in the shaft, which is a hallmark for GS. Analysis of RAB27A gene in this patient revealed a homozygous mutation in exon 6, c.550C>T, p.R184X . This nonsense mutation causes premature truncation of the protein resulting in a dysfunctional RAB27A. Recognition of GS allows appropriate institution of therapy namely chemotherapy for HLH and curative haemotopoeitic stem cell transplantation.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Dental derived stem cell conditioned media for hair growth stimulation

Gunawardena TNA, Masoudian Z, Rahman MT, Ramasamy TS, Ramanathan A, Abu Kasim NH

PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0216003.
PMID: 31042749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216003

Alopecia is a clinical condition caused by excessive hair loss which may result in baldness, the causes of which still remain elusive. Conditioned media (CM) from stem cells shows promise in regenerative medicine. Our aim was to evaluate the potential CM of dental pulp stem cells obtained from human deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) to stimulate hair growth under in vitro and in vivo conditions. SHED and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) (n = 3) were cultured in media combinations; i) STK2, ii) DMEM-KO+10% FBS, iii) STK2+2% FBS and profiled for the presence of positive hair growth-regulatory paracrine factors; SDF-1, HGF, VEGF-A, PDGF-BB and negative hair growth-regulatory paracrine factors; IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β, bFGF, TNF-α, and BDNF. The potential of CM from both cell sources to stimulate hair growth was evaluated based on the paracrine profile and measured dynamics of hair growth under in vitro conditions. The administration of CM media to telogen-staged synchronized 7-week old C3H/HeN female mice was carried out to study the potential of the CM to stimulate hair growth in vivo. SHED and HFSCs cultured in STK2 based media showed a shorter population doubling time, higher viability and better maintenance of MSC characteristics in comparison to cells cultured in DMEM-KO media. STK2 based CM contained only two negative hair growth-regulatory factors; TNF-α, IL-1 while DMEM-KO CM contained all negative hair growth-regulatory factors. The in vitro study confirmed that treatment with STK2 based media CM from passage 3 SHED and HFSCs resulted in a significantly higher number of anagen-staged hair follicles (p<0.05) and a significantly lower number of telogen-staged hair follicles (p<0.05). Administration of SHED-CM to C3H/HeN mice resulted in a significantly faster stimulation of hair growth in comparison to HFSC-CM (p<0.05), while the duration taken for complete hair coverage was similar for both CM sources. Thus, SHED-CM carries the potential to stimulate hair growth which can be used as a treatment tool for alopecia.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle/drug effects; Hair Follicle/growth & development
Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumour: a case report

Fernandez SH

Malays J Pathol, 1999 Dec;21(2):117-21.
PMID: 11068417

An 86-year-old man presented with a painless, pea-sized growth over the left angle of his jaw, which had been gradually enlarging over two years. A clinical diagnosis of pilar cyst was made. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed a malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumour. During follow-up 4 months later, a palpable small upper jugular lymph node was noted at the left side of the neck. Biopsy revealed a metastatic malignant trichilemmal tumour. This case illustrates a rare malignant tumour which is a challenge to clinical diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle/pathology*
Preparation and characterization of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers coated with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer for topical delivery

Noor NM, Sheikh K, Somavarapu S, Taylor KMG

Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2017 Aug;117:372-384.
PMID: 28412472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.012

Dutasteride, used for treating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), promotes hair growth. To enhance delivery to the hair follicles and reduce systemic effects, in this study dutasteride has been formulated for topical application, in a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) coated with chitosan oligomer-stearic acid (CSO-SA). CSO-SA has been successfully synthesized, as confirmed using1H NMR and FTIR. Formulation of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DST-NLCs) was optimized using a 23full factorial design. This formulation was coated with different concentrations of stearic acid-chitosan solution. Coating DST-NLCs with 5% SA-CSO increased mean size from 187.6±7.0nm to 220.1±11.9nm, and modified surface charge, with zeta potentials being -18.3±0.9mV and +25.8±1.1mV for uncoated and coated DST-NLCs respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed all formulations comprised approximately spherical particles. DST-NLCs, coated and uncoated with CSO-SA, exhibited particle size stability over 60days, when stored at 4-8°C. However, NLCs coated with CSO (without conjugation) showed aggregation when stored at 4-8°C after 30days. The measured particle size for all formulations stored at 25°C suggested aggregation, which was greatest for DST-NLCs coated with 10% CSO-SA and 5% CSO. All nanoparticle formulations exhibited rapid release in an in vitro release study, with uncoated NLCs exhibiting the fastest release rate. Using a Franz diffusion cell, no dutasteride permeated through pig ear skin after 48h, such that it was not detected in the receptor chamber for all samples. The amount of dutasteride in the skin was significantly different (p<0.05) for DST-NLCs (6.09±1.09μg/cm2) without coating and those coated with 5% CSO-SA (2.82±0.40μg/cm2), 10% CSO-SA (2.70±0.35μg/cm2) and CSO (2.11±0.64μg/cm2). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the cytotoxicity (IC50) between dutasteride alone and in the nanoparticles. DST-NLCs coated and uncoated with CSO-SA increased the maximum non-toxic concentration by 20-fold compared to dutasteride alone. These studies indicate that a stearic acid-chitosan conjugate was successfully prepared, and modified the surface charge of DST-NLCs from negative to positive. These stable, less cytotoxic, positively-charged dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer conjugate, are appropriate for topical delivery and have potential for promotion of hair growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle/drug effects; Hair Follicle/metabolism
A new histological score grade for deep partial-thickness burn wound healing process

Guo HF, Mohd Ali R, Abd Hamid R, Chang SK, Zainal Z, Khaza'ai H

Int J Burns Trauma, 2020;10(5):218-224.
PMID: 33224609

Burns are injuries on the skin or other tissues. Burns are divided into superficial, partial, and full-thickness, characterized by the depth of the affected tissues. Histological analysis is critical to assess the burn wound healing process. Thus, a systematic evaluation system is imperative for burn research. In the present study, a total of thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Deep partial-thickness burn wound was induced on the dorsal part of the rats. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st day post-burn, respectively. Half of the wound tissue was immediately fixed in buffered neutral formalin for hematoxylin & eosin staining. The healing of the epidermis was evaluated with scores ranging from 0 to 7 based on the state of crust on wound surface, the degree of epithelialization as well as the formation of rete ridges. Meanwhile, healing of the dermis was also evaluated with scores ranging from 0 to 7 according to the proportion of adipose cells, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, the state of collagen deposition as well as the formation of hair follicles. Furthermore, temporal changes of histological score of epidermis and dermis in the skin tissue with deep partial-thickness burn was evaluated. In conclusion, a new comprehensive system for assessing microscopic changes in the healing process of deep partial-thickness burn wound in hematoxylin & eosin staining slides was established, which simplified the scoring process and helped to obtain reproducible and accurate results in the burn study.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Histological changes of immediate skin expansion of the distal limb of rats

Ali AK, Abubakar AA, Kaka U, Radzi Z, Khairuddin NH, Yusoff MSM, et al.

Vet World, 2018 Dec;11(12):1706-1711.
PMID: 30774262 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1706-1711

Aim: Tissue expansion is an applicable technique to reconstruct many surgical defects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the histological changes caused by immediate skin tissue expansion in rats as an animal model.
Materials and Methods: Immediate skin tissue expansion in 18 adult female rats was performed using three different sizes (small, medium, and big) of polymethylmethacrylate tissue expanders at the dorsal surface of the metatarsal area of the right limb. The contralateral limb was served as the control. The tissue expanders were surgically implanted and kept for 15 days.
Results: The immediate skin expansion resulted in histological changes such as the increased thickness of the epidermal layer, the reduction of the dermal layer, an elevated number of fibroblast as well as increased vascularity. Furthermore, skin adnexal structures such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands were farther apart.
Conclusion: The rat skin was able to rapidly adjust and compensate against a specific range of immediate mechanical expansion. The histological changes suggest that the tissues were prepared to withstand the increased external forces, in addition to create possibly additional skin in a relatively short-term period.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Multiple concurrent primary extramammary Paget's disease

Leelavathi M, Norazirah MN, Nur Amirah AP

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(1):18-21.
PMID: 28461844

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant disorder of the skin, which was described in as early as the nineteenth century. EMPD usually occurs as a single lesion in the apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin with abundant hair follicles. Here, we present an elderly man who suffered from a non-resolving chronic genital pruritus for 8 months. Initially, he was managed for recurrent fungal infection and eczema. Later, a diagnosis of the rare condition multiple primary EMPD was made based on the histopathology findings and appropriate treatment was given.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Preauricular Pilomatricoma Manifesting as an Aggressive Mass

Tang PP, Kalimuthu S, Mokhtar SM, Wahab SA

Oman Med J, 2019 Mar;34(2):160-163.
PMID: 30918611 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.29

Pilomatricoma is an uncommon benign skin tumor arising from the hair follicle. It usually occurs in the head and neck region and is typically found in the pediatric age group particularly girls. The tumor has inconsistent clinical features and may manifest as a small superficial lesion with benign features or a large and seemingly aggressive lesion with local invasion. Due to its variable clinical presentations, it can occasionally be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. We encountered a case of pilomatricoma in a 12-year-old girl with a left preauricular swelling for two years, which became progressively larger and more painful in the few weeks before presentation. Clinically, the swelling resembled a malignant parotid tumor. Multiple fine-needle aspirations were performed, but the cytology results were all inconclusive. Subsequent computed tomography scan revealed a well-defined calcified subcutaneous mass with suspicious parotid involvement. The case was posted for tumor excision and superficial parotidectomy. Intraoperatively, however, the mass could be easily separated from the parotid gland. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen showed characteristic ghost cells, basophilic cells, and ossifications typical of pilomatricoma. In conclusion, preauricular pilomatricoma may pose a diagnostic dilemma. A heightened knowledge of the disease is needed for early recognition of its clinical and imaging features to prevent aggressive therapy than is required.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Multiple concurrent primary extramammary Paget’s disease

Leelavathi, M., Norazirah, M.N., Nur Amirah, A.P.

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(1):18-21.
MyJurnal

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant disorder of the skin, which was described
in as early as the nineteenth century. EMPD usually occurs as a single lesion in the apocrine sweat
gland–bearing skin with abundant hair follicles. Here, we present an elderly man who suffered from
a non-resolving chronic genital pruritus for 8 months. Initially, he was managed for recurrent fungal
infection and eczema. Later, a diagnosis of the rare condition multiple primary EMPD was made
based on the histopathology findings and appropriate treatment was given.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext The Therapeutic Effect and In Vivo Assessment of Palmitoyl-GDPH on the Wound Healing Process

Fadilah NIM, Rahman MBA, Yusof LM, Mustapha NM, Ahmad H

Pharmaceutics, 2021 Feb 01;13(2).
PMID: 33535623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020193

The standard treatment of open wounds via the direct usage of therapeutic agents is not without limitations with respect to healing. Small peptides can create a favorable milieu for accelerating the healing of wounds. This study presents the potential of a novel fatty acid conjugated tetrapeptide (palmitic acid-glycine-aspartic acid-proline-histidine; Palmitoyl-GDPH) in alleviating wound healing. Tetracycline was employed as a standard control drug following its significance in wound healing including biologically active and antimicrobial effects. The peptide in liquid form was applied on to a 4 cm2 full thickness wound surgically induced at the dorsum of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The in vivo wound treatment with Palmitoyl-GDPH for eighteen days, histologically demonstrated an almost perfect healing exhibited by increased re-epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition, and diminished scar formation compared to the controls. In addition, the well-developed epidermal-dermal junction and ultimate stimulation of hair follicle-growth in the Palmitoyl-GDPH treated group indicated the wound to have healed as functionally viable tissues. In general, the much lower hemogram values in the Palmitoyl-GDPH group indicated that the ongoing healing is en route to an earlier recovery. Additionally, the liver, kidney, and pancreas function biomarkers being within normal limits indicated the relatively non-toxic nature of Palmitoyl-GDPH at the used dosage. These results indisputably supported the great potential of this newly synthesized Palmitoyl-GDPH to be used as an effective therapeutic agent for wound healing (this actually means creating a new wound).

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle