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The variability of lower third molar development in Northeast Malaysian population with application to age estimation

Johan NA, Khamis MF, Abdul Jamal NS, Ahmad B, Mahanani ES

J Forensic Odontostomatol, 2012 Jul;30(1):45-54.
PMID: 23000811

This study aimed to assess the variability of the lower third molar (tooth 38 and 48) development in Northeast Malaysian population with respect to the side of dentition, to generate age prediction models and to compare the outcome with other studies. A total of 1080 orthopantomograms of Northeast Malaysian population aged between 14 and 25 years (540 males and 540 females) from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia's archive which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and the maturity stages of tooth 38 and 48 were scored using Demirjian's stages (A-H). The findings showed a wide variation of the development of lower third molars in the Northeast Malaysian population. The roots developed earlier in males than in females. The development of the dentition on opposite sides of the mandible was synchronously in females and males. A multiple regression analysis shows that 71.1% of variance in age was explained by sex and developmental stage of tooth 48. An age prediction model was generated from the regression analysis: [Age = 7.117 + 1.907*(stage of tooth 48) - 0.432*(sex)] with mean prediction errors between -0.17 to 3.14 years. The obtained data in the current study are useful for references and determining age of unidentified human remains for identification investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Self-esteem in 6- to 16-year-olds with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Kanaheswari Y, Poulsaeman V, Chandran V

J Paediatr Child Health, 2012 Oct;48(10):E178-82.
PMID: 22998162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02577.x

Childhood nocturnal enuresis (NE) and incontinence has been shown to be associated with increased behavioural problems and reduced self-esteem (SE) in Western populations. The impact on Asian children, however, is not known. This study investigates the relationship between SE and monosymptomatic NE in Malaysian children aged 6 to 16 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Does a written asthma action plan reduce unscheduled doctor visits in children?

Wong SS, Nathan AM, de Bruyne J, Zaki R, Mohd Tahir SZ

Indian J Pediatr, 2013 Jul;80(7):590-5.
PMID: 22798280 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0839-0

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a written asthma action plan (WAAP) on reducing unscheduled doctor visits, asthma control and quality of life in children with all severities of asthma. This was a randomised controlled, single-blinded study whereby 80 children with asthma were randomly assigned to be either provided a WAAP or verbally counseled . The number of asthmatic exacerbations requiring unscheduled doctor visits, asthma control and quality of life were monitored over 9 mo. At the end of the study, there was no significant difference in the number of unscheduled doctor visits between the 2 groups (p = 0.352). There was no significant difference in asthma control or quality of life between both groups. Hence, the WAAP did not reduce unscheduled doctor visits, nor improve asthma control or quality of life in children with all severities of asthma.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Phenotype variations in Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: possible involvement of genetic modifiers?

Singh S, Ganesh S

J Hum Genet, 2012 May;57(5):283-5.
PMID: 22456482 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.29

Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy, also known as Lafora disease (LD), is the most severe and fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy with its typical onset during the late childhood or early adolescence. LD is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures and progressive decline in intellectual function. LD can be caused by defects in any of the two known genes and the clinical features of these two genetic groups are almost identical. The past one decade has witnessed considerable success in identifying the LD genes, their mutations, the cellular functions of gene products and on molecular basis of LD. Here, we briefly review the current literature on the phenotype variations, on possible presence of genetic modifiers, and candidate modifiers as targets for therapeutic interventions in LD.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference as a single screening tool for identification of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults

Kee CC, Jamaiyah H, Geeta A, Ali ZA, Safiza MN, Suzana S, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):462-7.
PMID: 22390102 MyJurnal

Generalised obesity and central obesity are risk factors for Type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Waist circumference (WC) has been suggested as a single screening tool for identification of overweight or obese subjects in lieu of the body mass index (BMI) for weight management in public health program. Currently, the recommended waist circumference cut-off points of > or = 94cm for men and > or =80cm for women (waist action level 1) and > or = 102cm for men and > or = 88cm for women (waist action level 2) used for identification of overweight and obesity are based on studies in Caucasian populations. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the recommended waist action levels, and to determine optimal WC cut-off points for identification of overweight or obesity with central fat distribution based on BMI for Malaysian adults. Data from 32,773 subjects (14,982 men and 17,791 women) aged 18 and above who participated in the Third National Health Morbidity Survey in 2006 were analysed. Sensitivity and specificity of WC at waist action level 1 were 48.3% and 97.5% for men; and 84.2% and 80.6% for women when compared to the cut-off points based on BMI > or = 25kg/m2. At waist action level 2, sensitivity and specificity were 52.4% and 98.0% for men, and 79.2% and 85.4% for women when compared with the cut-off points based on BMI (> or = 30 kg/m2). Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that the appropriatescreening cut-off points for WC to identify subjects with overweight (> or = 25kg/m2) was 86.0cm (sensitivity=83.6%, specificity=82.5%) for men, and 79.1cm (sensitivity=85.0%, specificity=79.5%) for women. Waist circumference cut-off points to identify obese subjects (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) was 93.2cm (sensitivity=86.5%, specificity=85.7%) for men and 85.2cm (sensitivity=77.9%, specificity=78.0%) for women. Our findings demonstrated that the current recommended waist circumference cut-off points have low sensitivity for identification of overweight and obesity in men. We suggest that these newly identified cut-off points be considered.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for pituitary adenoma: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome

Sand MS, Gendeh BS, Husain S

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):443-6.
PMID: 22390098 MyJurnal

The purpose of this retrospective joint rhino-neurosurgical study from January 1998 until September 2009 is to document the demographic data, clinical presentations, radiological findings, approaches and incidence of residual tumour. Forty-seven patients with pituitary adenoma underwent trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy of which 25 patients with complete medical and radiological data were included in the study. The medical and radiological data were analyzed. There were 12 males and 13 females with age ranging from 17 to 76 years old (mean 49.2). Fourteen of the patients were Chinese, eight Malays and three Indians. Twelve of the patients had functioning tumour of which five each presented with acromegaly and Cushing disease respectively and two with amenorrhoea. The rest of 13 patients had non functioning tumour presenting with visual disturbances. Sixteen of the patients had pituitary macroadenomas and the rest 9 microadenomas. Eighteen patients had undergone transcollumellar trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy and the rest 7 patients had undergone transnasal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. About 68.8% of pituitary macroadenomas had residual tumour, compared to only 22.2% of patient with pituitary microadenomas. Radiologically, about 45.5% of residual macroadenoma had suprasellar extension and the majority had spread to suprasellar cistern and carvenous sinus (54.5%). About 16.6% of patients had undergone post operative radiotherapy. In conclusion, this study showed that patient with pituitary macroadenomas had higher incidence of residual tumour compared to pituitary microadenomas.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Case series of foreign body aspiration in Paediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Sahadan DZ, Zainudin NM, Kassim A, Zahari Z, Mahadzir M, Daud CZ, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):484-6.
PMID: 22390106 MyJurnal

A retrospective case series was conducted to determine the clinical characteristics and bronchoscopy findings of children with foreign body aspiration in Paediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Ten boys and two girls were included (range 2-177 months; median 26 months old). They commonly presented with cough (12/100%) and difficulty in breathing (9/75%). All patients had unilateral auscultatory findings and the commonest radiographic findings were unilateral hyperinflation (7/58.3%). The majority of foreign bodies removed was organic (8/66.6%) and more frequently found in the left bronchial tree (7/58.3%). Major complications were pneumonia (11/91.6%) and airway oedema (11/ 91.6%). Eight patients had delayed diagnosis due to parents unawareness (6/50%) and missed diagnosis (2/16.7%).

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Final height in growth-hormone-treated children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: the Malaysian experience

Ooi HL, Wu LL

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):479-83.
PMID: 22390105
Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and mammography among a group of Malaysian women in Shah Alam

Al-Dubai SA, Qureshi AM, Saif-Ali R, Ganasegeran K, Alwan MR, Hadi JI

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(10):2531-8.
PMID: 22320951

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and mammography among Malaysian women in Shah Alam.
METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted among 250 Malaysian women. Data were collected using a self administrated questionnaire which included questions on socio-demographic data, knowledge of breast cancer and awareness of mammography.
RESULTS: Mean age of respondents was 28 ± 9.2 with 69.2% aged 18 to 29 years. The majority had heard about breast cancer (81.2%) and indicated books, magazines and brochures as their source of information (55.2%). However, most did not know about signs and symptoms of breast cancer and many of its risk factors. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of breast cancer knowledge were age, race, marital status, level of education, occupation, family size and family history of other cancers (p<0.05). Fifty percent of women were aware of mammography, significant predictors being age, occupation, marital status and knowledge of breast cancer (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Most women were aware of breast cancer. However, the knowledge about signs and symptoms of breast cancer and awareness of mammography were inadequate. It is recommended that the level of knowledge should be raised among Malaysian women, particularly in the less educated young.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Oral health quality-of-life among undergraduate Malaysian dental students

Harsh P, Arunima C, Manoj K

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):298-301.
PMID: 23082421 MyJurnal

AIM:
To assess the oral health quality of life among Malaysian dental students using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:
Malaysian dental students of Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal campus, Manipal University, Manipal answered a structured questionnaire recording the demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and eight items of OIDP.

RESULTS:
The mean OIDP ADD and OIDP SC scores were respectively, 4.10 (sd = 5.16, range 8 - 40) and 2. 3 (sd = 2.3, range 0-8). A total of 50%, 32.9% and 28.6% of the dental students confirmed difficulties with eating, cleaning teeth and sleeping and relaxing, respectively. Statistically significant relationships were observed between OIDP (ultimate oral impact) and a count of non-clinical oral health indicators representing the second (intermediate) levels of oral impact. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dental students who were dissatisfied with their oral health had greater oral impact than their counterparts. The odds ratios for satisfaction with oral health, dental visits and frequency of brushing teeth were respectively 1.74 (0.58-5.32), 0.59 (0.11-3.24) and 1.33 (0.41-4.30).

CONCLUSION:
The study reports the Oral Impact on Daily Performance among Malaysian dental students and provides evidence of importance of social and behavioral characteristics in shaping dental students response.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Concurrent massive breast enlargement, myasthenia gravis and dermopathy as manifestations of penicillamine toxicity in a Wilson's disease patient

Tan SS, Latif SA, Poh WY

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):323-5.
PMID: 23082426 MyJurnal

Penicillamine toxicity in Wilson's disease has been well reported but rarely seen now as newer agents are being used. We present a case who developed multiple rare complications of Penicillamine concurrently. Our patient is one of three siblings on Penicillamine, she was the only one who developed massive breast enlargement four months after commencing Penicillamine therapy, as well as dermatological adverse reactions and myasthenia gravis three more months later. All the adverse effects improved soon after substitution of the offending agent with Trientine.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext The role of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the detection of blunt traumatic intra abdominal injury: our experience in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang

Radhiana H, Azian AA, Mubarak MY, Saat A, Mohd Amran AR, Jamalludin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):316-22.
PMID: 23082425 MyJurnal

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is the imaging modality of choice in assessing clinically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma. This study assessed the role of MSCT in the detection of intra abdominal injury caused by blunt trauma in our centre within a two-year-period (2008-2009). A total of 151 patients had MSCT abdomen for blunt abdominal trauma within this study period. Positive scan were seen in 126 patients (83.4%). Out of these positive scans, liver, spleen and renal injuries were seen in 42.1% (n = 53), 34.9% (n = 44) and 30.0% (n = 34) of cases respectively. Laparotomies were performed in 45 patients. Out of these 45 laparotomies, 10 patients had surgically significant injuries that were missed on CT scan findings. The injuries were bowel perforation (n = 4), serosal tear of bowel (n = 1), mesenteric injuries with active haemorrhage (n=3), spleen injury (n = 1) and liver injury (n = 1).

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Nutritional supplement use among fitness club participants in Tehran, Iran

Saeedi P, Mohd Nasir MT, Hazizi AS, Vafa MR, Rahimi Foroushani A

Appetite, 2013 Jan;60(1):20-26.
PMID: 23017466 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.011

The aim of this study was to assess nutritional supplement use among fitness club participants in Tehran, Iran. A cross sectional study was conducted in 24 fitness clubs throughout the city of Tehran, Iran. A total of 1625 fitness club participants were recruited to participate in this study. They were asked to complete a self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were performed to determine the characteristics of participants, reasons for supplement use, sources of information and also the influential advisors regarding nutritional supplement use. A high prevalence rate of nutritional supplement use (66.7%) was reported. Overall, multivitamin-mineral (43.8%) and iron tablets (30.5%) were the common nutritional supplements used and only a small number of participants used illegal substances (0.5%). Younger participants were more likely to use ergogenic aids, whereas, older participants were more likely to use vitamin D. Males were more likely than females to use creatine and amino acids, whereas, iron tablets and mint water were more common among females. Also, males were more likely to use nutritional supplements for increasing energy, whereas, females were more likely to use nutritional supplements for nutritional deficiencies. In conclusion, a high prevalence rate of nutritional supplement use was seen among participants.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Association of TGFβ1 and SMAD4 variants in the etiology of keloid scar in the Malay population

Emami A, Halim AS, Salahshourifar I, Yussof SJ, Khoo TL, Kannan TP

Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2012 Sep;304(7):541-7.
PMID: 22805880 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1262-0

Keloid is a complex condition with environmental and genetic risk-contributing factors. Two candidate genes, TGFβ1 and SMAD4, located in the same signaling pathway are highly expressed in the keloid fibroblast cells. In a case-control design, TGFβ1 haplotypes showed association with the risk of keloid in the present study. The CC haplotype, composed of both c.29C>T and -509T>C variants, was observed more frequently among cases (Corrected p = 0.037, OR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 0.87-4.93), showing a 4.5-fold increased risk for keloid. The AG genotype of the SMAD4 c.5131A>G variant showed a trend of significance (p = 0.0573, OR = 1.75, 95 % CI = 0.99-3.13). Taken together, either of these variants is most probably causative at the expression level or is in linkage disequilibrium with other causative variants in a complex pattern together with the environmental factors that contribute to the condition. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one documented report on a relationship between TGFβ1 and keloid with no association within the Caucasian population, while there have not been any reports for SMAD4. Therefore, the present study is likely the first research showing a significant association between TGFβ1 variants and keloids in the Malay population.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Feasibility and acceptability of mobile epilepsy educational system (MEES) for people with epilepsy in Malaysia

Lua PL, Neni WS

Telemed J E Health, 2012 Dec;18(10):777-84.
PMID: 23078181 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2012.0047

Telemedicine innovations, including short message service (SMS), have been used to address a range of health concerns in a variety of settings. Practical, safe, and cost-effective, this simple tool can also potentially improve patients' understanding toward their own diseases via knowledge enhancement. This study was designed to develop and assess the feasibility and acceptability of an SMS-based epilepsy educational program for epilepsy patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Patient-reported side effects of lamotrigine during routine clinic visits

Daud NA, Ab-Rahman A

Neurosciences (Riyadh), 2012 Jul;17(3):269-70.
PMID: 22772938
Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext The nutritional impacts of soil-transmitted helminths infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in rural Malaysia

Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Al-Adhroey AH, Ithoi I, Abdulsalam AM, Surin J

Parasit Vectors, 2012;5:119.
PMID: 22704549 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-119

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections, anaemia and malnutrition are major public health problems in school-age children in developing countries. This study was conducted on 289 Orang Asli (aboriginal) schoolchildren in order to assess the current prevalence and predictors of anaemia and malnutrition, as well as the nutritional impacts of STH infections among these children.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Molecular markers of dental pulp tissue during orthodontic tooth movement: a pilot study

Abdul Wahab RM, Zainal Ariffin SH, Yeen WW, Ahmad NA, Senafi S

ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:236427.
PMID: 22629122 DOI: 10.1100/2012/236427

Three specific orthodontic tooth movement genes, that is, FCRL1, HSPG2, and LAMB2 were detected at upper first premolar (with appliance) dental pulp tissue by using GeneFishing technique as compared to lower first premolar (without appliance). These three differentially expressed genes have the potential as molecular markers during orthodontic tooth movement by looking at molecular changes of pulp tissue.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Review of ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Sarawak General Hospital. A five year experience

Chiun KC, Tang IP, Tan TY, Jong DE

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):17-20.
PMID: 22582543

OBJECTIVE: Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies are common in ENT clinical practice. This study was designed to establish the local data of otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies in term of prevalence among paediatric and adult groups, the clinical features, types of foreign body at different sites, and laterality of foreign bodies.
METHOD: This study was carried out at ENT department, Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia, from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2009. A total of 1084 cases were included and statistically analyzed.
RESULT: Ear foreign bodies showed the highest incidence which was consisted of 480 (44.3%) cases, followed by nose in 270 (24.9%) cases, pharynx in 251 (23.2%) cases, esophagus in 57 (5.3%) cases and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree in 26 (2.4%) cases. Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies occurred more frequently in 0-10 year old age group which constituted 651 (60.1%) cases. The descending order of frequency for foreign body sites in adult was pharynx (17.2%), ear (12.8%), esophagus (3.1%), nose (1.7%) and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree (1.1%). The type of foreign bodies varies with age group and site of foreign body lodgement. In general, common foreign bodies in both adult and children were food related, with the additional of small objects such as plastic toy in paediatric group.
CONCLUSION: Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies were found more frequently in children. The types of foreign body were different from age group and sites of foreign body lodgement. The local food constituted the highest incidence of ear, nose, and throat foreign bodies with additional of plastic toys in paediatric group.
Study site: ENT clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Cholangiocarcinoma: a 10-year experience of a single tertiary centre in the multi ethnicity-Malaysia

Yusoff AR, Siti ZM, Muzammil ARM, Yoong BK, Vijeyasingam R

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):45-51.
PMID: 22582548 MyJurnal

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract epithelial malignancy. We described the clinical features of CCA patients in our institution. A 10-year retrospective study of patients with cholangiocarcinoma in University Malaya Medical Centre was conducted. Clinical data and outcomes in relation to the three anatomical groups of CCA were collected and analysed. Of the 69 patients that were included 55% were male. Mean age was 61 years. Twelve (17%) had intrahepatic, 38 (55%) perihilar and 19 (28%) distal tumour. Mean age (p=0.043), median duration of symptoms (p=0.011), jaundice (p<0.001), total bilirubin level (p=0.003), INR (p=0.005) and mean tumour size (p=0.048) were significantly related to the site of tumour. Only 12 patients had curative resection with seven R0 resections. Cholangiocarcinoma is increasingly diagnosed in our population. Despite that, the diagnosis is still often late. Age, jaundice and tumour size may predict anatomical location of CCA.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

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